Sustained Passing Performance of Elite and Subelite Female Soccer Players Following a Female Match-Specific Exercise Protocol

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mikayla J. Lyons ◽  
Jennifer Conlon ◽  
Amy Perejmibida ◽  
Paola Chivers ◽  
Christopher Joyce
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Test List ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Performance Times ◽  
Female Specific

Purpose: This study examined the maintenance of passing performance following soccer-specific high-intensity intermittent exercise in elite (n = 9) and subelite (n = 11) Western Australian female soccer players (19.5 [2.5] y). Methods: A total of 20 participants completed the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT) prior to, during, and following 90 minutes of a modified, female-specific, individualized exercise protocol (Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test [LIST]) to simulate 2 halves of a soccer match. Performance in the LSPT was calculated by adding “raw time” to the accumulated “penalty time” for each test. Results: Elite players recorded greater distances (t58 = 4.671, P < .001, effect size [ES] = 1.21) and higher derived VO2max values (t58 = 4.715, P < .001, ES = 1.20) for the LIST exercise protocol over the subelite players. The total performance times for each LSPT were longer in the subelites in comparison with the elites, with a very large ES difference seen in post-LIST1 (t18 = −6.64, P < .001, ES = 2.99) and post-LIST2 (t18 = −9.143, P < .001, ES = 4.12). No between-groups differences were identified for “raw time” at any time point. Hence, all reported LSPT performance differences are attributed to “penalty time.” Conclusion: These data suggest that elite players can sustain their passing performance more efficiently throughout match play that can subelite female soccer players. These findings may contribute to future talent-identification testing by helping to distinguish between elite- and subelite-level players through sustained passing performance. Coaches may also use this information to better inform best-practice training methods through modification of male soccer-specific high-intensity intermittent exercise to a female cohort.

The Effect of 45 Minutes of Soccer-Specific Exercise on the Performance of Soccer Skills

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keeron J. Stone ◽  
Jonathan L. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Test List ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Specific Exercise ◽  
Point Score ◽  
Soccer Match ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test

Purpose:The aim of the study was to examine the effect of fatigue, developed during prolonged high-intensity intermittent exercise, on the performance of soccer shooting and dribbling skill.Methods:Nine semiprofessional soccer players with a mean age of 20.7 ± 1.4 years volunteered to participate in the study. Participants completed a slalom dribble test and the Loughborough Soccer Shooting Test (LSST), before and directly following the performance of three 15-min bouts of a modified version of the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST).Results:Mean heart rates and mean 15-m sprint times remained unchanged across the three bouts of the LIST. Following the LIST slalom dribbling time increased significantly by 4.5 ± 4.0% (P = .009), while the mean total points scored during the LSST was significantly reduced by 7.6 ± 7.0 points (P = .012). When fatigued the frequency of shots in the LSST achieving the highest score of 5 points was reduced by 47% while the frequency of shots achieving the lowest 0 point score increased by 85%.Conclusion:Results show that while 45 min of exercise caused no decrements in sprint performance there were significant reductions in the ability to perform soccer-specific skills. Both the speed (dribbling time) and accuracy (shot performance) with which soccer-specific skills were executed was impaired following exercise replicating one-half of a soccer match.

scholarly journals AN EFFECTIVE HIGH-INTENSITY INTERMITTENT EXERCISE PROTOCOL FOR DECREASING SKELETAL MUSCLE GLYCOGEN

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEISUKE SHIOSE ◽  
TAKURO TOBINA ◽  
YASUKI HIGAKI ◽  
AKIRA KIYONAGA ◽  
HIROAKI TANAKA
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Glycogen

scholarly journals Activity Profiles by Position in Youth Elite Soccer Players in Official Matches

2019 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. E19-E24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svein Arne Pettersen ◽  
Tormod Brenn
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
External Load ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Youth Soccer

AbstractIn order to investigate activity profiles and external load patterns in elite youth soccer players, we studied high-intensity activity patterns, maximum running speed, and temporary and end-of-match decline in external load in 54 U17 players (96 match observations) over a full season of official match play.Wide midfielders covered most high-intensity running (HIR) distance (1044.2 m), most sprinting distance (224.4 m), and the highest number of accelerations (185.2); center defenders had the lowest values for these activities (508.3 m, 85.1 m, and 119.0), respectively. Wide midfielders had the highest and center defenders had the lowest maximum speed (30.3 km · h − 1 and 28.6 km · h − 1), respectively. During the matches, players in all playing positions displayed a significant drop in HIR distance, sprinting distance, and number of accelerations. This was especially pronounced in the 5 min following the 5-min peak period and in the last 5-min period for sprinting distance.There are substantial differences in activity profiles by positions, but all players show temporary and end-of-match drop in external load. The variation in activity profiles by playing position in this study may aid in the design of training programs. The considerable end-of-match drop in external load observed raises the question of the favorability of 90 min match times for U17 players.

Repeated Sprints, High-Intensity Interval Training, Small-Sided Games: Theory and Application to Field Sports

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Hoffmann ◽  
Jacob P. Reed ◽  
Keith Leiting ◽  
Chieh-Ying Chiang ◽  
Michael H. Stone
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Games Theory ◽  
Training Modalities ◽  
Field Sports

Due to the broad spectrum of physical characteristics necessary for success in field sports, numerous training modalities have been used develop physical preparedness. Sports like rugby, basketball, lacrosse, and others require athletes to be not only strong and powerful but also aerobically fit and able to recover from high-intensity intermittent exercise. This provides coaches and sport scientists with a complex range of variables to consider when developing training programs. This can often lead to confusion and the misuse of training modalities, particularly in the development of aerobic and anaerobic conditioning. This review outlines the benefits and general adaptations to 3 commonly used and effective conditioning methods: high-intensity interval training, repeated-sprint training, and small-sided games. The goals and outcomes of these training methods are discussed, and practical implementations strategies for coaches and sport scientists are provided.

The physiological effects of pre-event and midevent cooling during intermittent running in the heat in elite female soccer players

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 942-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Price ◽  
Craig Boyd ◽  
Victoria L. Goosey-Tolfrey
Keyword(s):  
Heat Storage ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Thermal Strain ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Cooling Strategies ◽  
Skin Temperatures ◽  
Simulated Match

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of both pre-exercise and combined pre-exercise and midexercise cooling strategies during simulated match play in elite female soccer players in the heat. Eight elite female soccer players performed two 45 min periods of intermittent running separated by 15 min seated rest on 3 separate occasions (30.6 ± 0.2 °C, 63.4 ± 2.5% relative humidity). Participants undertook a no-cooling (CON) or ice-vest cooling for 20 min pre-exercise (PRE) or both pre-exercise and during the 15 min rest period (PRE+MID). Rectal temperature (Tre), skin temperatures, and heart rate were monitored continuously. Mean skin temperature (TMS) and heat storage were calculated. Significant interactions (trial × time) were observed for the change in Tre from rest, TMS, and heat storage (p < 0.05). The change in Tre from rest was greater during CON when compared with PRE and PRE+MID from 35 min until the end of exercise (p < 0.05). When compared with CON (p < 0.05), TMS was lower after precooling (PRE and PRE+MID) and during the 15 min rest period and the first 5 min of the second exercise bout for PRE+MID. Heat storage was also lower after precooling (PRE and PRE+MID) (p < 0.05) and from 60 min until the end of exercise for PRE+MID (p < 0.05) and until 85 min and again at 95 min during PRE (p < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that both cooling strategies were effective in reducing thermal strain during intermittent exercise in the heat. However, PRE+MID cooling was more effective than PRE cooling in offsetting heat storage.

scholarly journals High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise Performed on the Sand Induces Higher Internal Load Demands in Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Cetolin ◽  
Anderson Santiago Teixeira ◽  
Juliano Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Alessandro Haupenthal ◽  
Fábio Yuzo Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Shuttle Run

This study aimed to examine the acute physiological effect of shuttle-run-based high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) performed at the same relative speed (i. e., 100% PST−CAR) on sand (SAND) and grass (GRASS) in male junior soccer players. Seven Under-23 Brazilian national league (“Série A”) soccer players completed four testing sessions in either SAND or GRASS surface condition. The first two testing sessions consisted of performing a maximal progressive shuttle-run field protocol until volitional exhaustion (Carminatti's test, T-CAR), whereas the third and fourth sessions comprised a HIIE session on each ground surface. The HIIE session consisted of three 5-min bouts [12 s shuttle-run (with a direction change every 6 s)/12 s of passive rest] performed at 100% of T-CAR peak speed (PST−CAR) with 3 min of passive recovery between sets. Measurements of oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration ([La]), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were performed during all conditions. The SAND condition elicited significantly higher %VO2peak (94.58 ± 2.73 vs. 87.45 ± 3.31%, p &lt; 0.001, d = 2.35), %HRpeak (93.89 ± 2.63 vs. 90.31 ± 2.87%, p &lt; 0.001, d = 1.30), RPE (8.00 ± 0.91 vs. 4.95 ± 1.23 a.u., p &lt; 0.001, d = 2.82), and [La] (10.76 ± 2.37 vs. 5.48 ± 1.13 mmol/L, p &lt; 0.010, d = 2.84). This study showed that higher internal workloads are experienced by the players during a single HIIE session performed on a softer surface as SAND, even when the exercise intensity was individualized based on 100%PST−CAR.

scholarly journals Acute responses of high-intensity circuit training in women: Low physical fitness levels show higher muscle damage

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 391-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Bianca Alves Nasci ◽  
Rafael Bueno Orcy ◽  
Léo Dutra Cabistany ◽  
Andressa Formalioni ◽  
Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Serum Lactate ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Circuit Training ◽  
Acute Responses ◽  
Before And After

High-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) elicits large improvements in health and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). HIIE can be applied with calisthenics exercises to improve strength and endurance. The acute effects of high-intensity circuit training (HICT) considering different CRF on myological variables are unknown. The aim was measure acute effects of HICT in young women considering different levels of CRF. Twelve women were allocated in two groups, who achieve 41mLO2•kg-1•min-1 or more= High Physical Fitness (HPF, n=5) and who achieve less than 41mLO2•kg-1•min-1= Low Physical Fitness (LPF,n=7). Protocol: 2x4 sets of 20 seconds at maximum intensity (all-out fashion) interspersed with 10 seconds of passive rest (jumping jacks, squat and thrust using 2kg dumbbells, mountain climber, and burpees). Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, 15minutes, 30minutes, one hour and 24 hours after. Heart rate, serum myoglobin, lactate, and creatine kinase (CK) concentration were analyzed. The HR achieved 94.1±3.7% of HRmax for LPF and 104.5±20.3% for HPF, p=0.03. The mean of delta lactate was similar between groups. The highest myoglobin has reached at 1h after the exercise protocol, with 50.0±30.2 ng/mL for LPF and 36.9±9.25 ng/mL for HPF. The delta of total CK before and after the exercise protocol shows that the serum CK level in LPF was significantly higher than HPF group (p=0.042). HICT composed by calisthenic protocol produced elevated and similar effects on HRmax, serum lactate and myoglobin in the woman with HPF and LPF. However, LPF group presented higher muscle damage inferred by serum CK concentrations.

The Effect of High Carbohydrate Meals with Different Glycemic Indices on Recovery of Performance during Prolonged Intermittent High-Intensity Shuttle Running

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Erith ◽  
Clyde Williams ◽  
Emma Stevenson ◽  
Siobhan Chamberlain ◽  
Pippa Crews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Test List ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Glycemic Indices ◽  
Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test

This study examined the effect of high carbohydrate meals with different glycemic indices (GI) on recovery of performance during prolonged intermittent high-intensity shuttle running. Seven male semi-professional soccer players (age 23 ± 2 y, body mass [BM] 73.7 ± 9.0 kg and maximal oxygen uptake 58 ± 1.0 mL · kg−1 · min−1) participated in two trials in a randomized cross-over design. On day 1, the subjects performed 90 min of an intermittent high-intensity shuttle running protocol [Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST)]. They then consumed a mixed high carbohydrate recovery diet (8 g/kg BM) consisting of either high (HGI) (GI: 70) or low (LGI) (GI: 35) GI foods. Twenty-two hours later (day 2) the subjects completed 75 min of the LIST (part A) followed by alternate sprinting and jogging to fatigue (part B). No differences were found between trials in time to fatigue (HGI 25.3 ± 4.0 min vs. LGI 22.9 ± 5.6 min, P = 0.649). Similarly, no differences were found between trials for sprint performance and distance covered during part B of the LIST. In conclusion, the GI of the diet during the 22 h recovery did not affect sprint and endurance performance the following day.

scholarly journals Acute ischemic preconditioning does not influence high-intensity intermittent exercise performance

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e4118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Coelho Marocolo ◽  
Gustavo Ribeiro da Mota ◽  
André Monteiro Londe ◽  
Stephen D. Patterson ◽  
Octávio Barbosa Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
And Control

This study evaluated the acute effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on a high-intensity intermittent exercise performance and physiological indicators in amateur soccer players. Thirteen players (21.5 ± 2 yrs) attended three trials separated by 3–5 days in a counterbalanced randomized cross-over design: IPC (4 × 5-min occlusion 220 mmHg/reperfusion 0 mmHg) in each thigh; SHAM (similar to the IPC protocol but “occlusion” at 20 mmHg) and control (seated during the same time of IPC). After 6-min of each trial (IPC, SHAM or control), the players performed the YoYo Intermittent Endurance Test level 2 (YoYoIE2). The distance covered in the YoYoIE2 (IPC 867 ± 205 m; SHAM 873 ± 212 m; control 921 ± 206 m) was not different among trials (p = 0.10), furthermore, lactate concentration and rate of perceived exertion did not differ (P > 0.05) among protocols. There were also no significant differences in either mean heart rate (HR) or peak HR (p > 0.05) for both IPC and SHAM compared to control. Therefore, we conclude that acute IPC does not influence high-intensity intermittent exercise performance in amateur soccer players and that rate of perceived exertion, heart rate and lactate do not differ between the intervention IPC, SHAM and control.

Effect of a High-Intensity Intermittent-Exercise Protocol on Neurocognitive Function in Healthy Adults: Implications for Return-to-Play Management After Sport-Related Concussion

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enda F. Whyte ◽  
Nicola Gibbons ◽  
Grainne Kerr ◽  
Kieran A. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Neurocognitive Function ◽  
Stroop Interference ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Significant Time ◽  
Interference Test ◽  
Condition Interaction

Context: Determination of return to play (RTP) after sport-related concussion (SRC) is critical given the potential consequences of premature RTP. Current RTP guidelines may not identify persistent exercise-induced neurocognitive deficits in asymptomatic athletes after SRC. Therefore, postexercise neurocognitive testing has been recommended to further inform RTP determination. To implement this recommendation, the effect of exercise on neurocognitive function in healthy athletes should be understood. Objective: To examine the acute effects of a high-intensity intermittent-exercise protocol (HIIP) on neurocognitive function assessed by the Symbol Digits Modality Test (SDMT) and Stroop Interference Test. Design: Cohort study. Setting: University laboratory. Participants 40 healthy male athletes (age 21.25 ± 1.29 y, education 16.95 ± 1.37 y). Intervention: Each participant completed the SDMT and Stroop Interference Test at baseline and after random allocation to a condition (HIIP vs control). A mixed between-within-subjects ANOVA assessed time- (pre- vs postcondition) -by-condition interaction effects. Main Outcome Measures: SDMT and Stroop Interference Test scores. Results: There was a significant time-by-condition interaction effect (P < .001, η2 = .364) for the Stroop Interference Test scores, indicating that the HIIP group scored significantly lower (56.05 ± 9.34) postcondition than the control group (66.39 ± 19.6). There was no significant time-by-condition effect (P = .997, η2 < .001) for the SDMT, indicating that there was no difference between SDMT scores for the HIIP and control groups (59.95 ± 10.7 vs 58.56 ± 14.02). Conclusions: In healthy athletes, the HIIP results in a reduction in neurocognitive function as assessed by the Stroop Interference Test, with no effect on function as assessed by the SDMT. Testing should also be considered after high-intensity exercise in determining RTP decisions for athletes after SRC in conjunction with the existing recommended RTP protocol. These results may provide an initial reference point for future research investigating the effects of an HIIP on the neurocognitive function of athletes recovering from SRC.

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