Effects of a highly palatable diet on lipid and glucose parameters, nitric oxide, and ectonucleotidases activity

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Guerini de Souza ◽  
Ana Elisa Böhmer ◽  
Alexandre Pastoris Müller ◽  
Jean Pierre Oses ◽  
Giordano Gübert Viola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Ready Availability ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Palatable Diet ◽  
Nitric Oxide Metabolites ◽  
Highly Palatable Diet

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide and is stimulated by the ready availability of food rich in fat and sugar (highly palatable diet). This type of diet increases the risks of obesity-associated pathologies, such as insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. Nitric oxide, a potent endogenous vasodilator, is decreased in these pathologies, mostly as a result of insulin resistance. Ectonucleotidases are ecto and soluble enzymes that regulate the availability of the nucleotides ATP, ADP, and AMP and the nucleoside adenosine in the vascular system, thereby affecting vasoconstriction, vasodilatation, and platelet aggregation homeostasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a highly palatable diet on serum lipid and glucose parameters, nitric oxide, and ectonucleotidase activity. Forty male Wistar rats were fed 1 of 2 diets for either 45 days or 4 months: standard chow (SC, n = 10) or a highly palatable diet enriched with sucrose (HP, n = 10). Body mass, visceral fat mass, glucose tolerance, cholesterol (total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-HDL), serum triacylglycerol, liver triacylglycerol, and free glycerol were increased in the HP group after 45 days and after 4 months, whereas insulin levels were not different between the groups at either time. Furthermore, levels of nitric oxide metabolites and ATP, ADP, and AMP hydrolysis were significantly lower in the HP group (p < 0.05) after 4 months. In conclusion, the consumption of the HP diet for 4 months induced overall corporal and metabolic changes, and decreased nitric oxide metabolites and ectonucleotidase activity, thereby promoting an appropriate environment for the development of cardiovascular diseases, without apparent changes in insulin levels.

Regulation of hepatic enzymes and insulin levels in offspring of rat dams fed a reduced-protein diet

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (4) ◽  
pp. G899-G904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Desai ◽  
Christopher D. Byrne ◽  
Karim Meeran ◽  
Nick D. Martenz ◽  
Steven R. Bloom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Hepatic Enzymes ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Palatable Diet ◽  
Highly Palatable Diet

We have hypothesized that permanent changes caused by poor growth during early development due to maternal malnutrition may be exacerbated by overnutrition of offspring in later life. To test this hypothesis, rats were exposed to a maternal 20% protein diet or an isocaloric 8% protein diet during fetal and postnatal life. All offspring were weaned onto laboratory chow. At 6 wk, rats were fed laboratory chow or a highly palatable diet (high fat and high calorie with adequate protein) and studied at 12 wk after a 48-h fast. The highly palatable diet resulted in excess weight gain and higher plasma insulin levels in all animals. Plasma insulin concentrations were significantly increased in male offspring of dams fed a reduced-protein diet compared with male offspring of dams fed an adequate-protein diet, but no differences were observed between the female offspring. The key hepatic enzymes of glucose homeostasis programmed in offspring of protein-restricted rat dams retained the ability to respond to overnutrition during adult life. In these offspring, however, the enzymes were regulated around a “set point” that was different from that in the controls.

scholarly journals The role of poly-herbal extract in sodium chloride-induced oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia in male Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olumide Fadahunsi ◽  
Peter Adegbola ◽  
Olayemi Adebola Akintola ◽  
Bamidele Stephen Ajilore ◽  
olubukola sinbad Olorunnisola
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Abstract Consistent consumption of high salt diet (HSD) has been associated with increased cellular generation of free radicals which has been implicated in the derangement of some vital organs and etiology of cardiovascular disorders. This study was designed to investigate the combined effect of some commonly employed medicinal plants on serum lipid profile and antioxidant status of aorta, kidney, and liver of high salt diet-fed animals. Thirty-five male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 7 animals each. Group 1 and 2 animals were fed normal rat and 16 % high salt diet only respectively. Animals in groups 3, 4, and 5 were fed 16% high salt diet with 800, 400, and 200 mg/kg bw poly-herbal extract (PHE) respectively once for 28 consecutive days. Serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione concentration, and activities were assessed in the aorta, kidney, and liver. PHE (p < 0.05) significantly reduced malondialdehyde and nitric oxide concentration and increased antioxidant enzymes and glutathione activity. Elevated serum TG, TC, LDL, and TC content in HSD-fed animals were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced to normal in PHE-treated rats while HDL was significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in a concentration-dependent manner in PHE treated animals. Feeding with PHE attenuated high salt diet imposed derangement in serum lipid profile and antioxidant status in the organs of the experimental rats.

Preventive effect of curcumin on inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance in high-fat fed obese rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nachimuthu Maithilikarpagaselvi ◽  
Magadi Gopalakrishna Sridhar ◽  
Rathinam Palamalai Swaminathan ◽  
Ramalingam Sripradha
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Fat Feeding

Abstract: The present study investigated the beneficial effects of curcumin on inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance in high-fat fed male Wistar rats.: Five-month-old male Wistar rats (n=20) were divided into two groups (10 rats in each group). Among the two groups, one group received 30 % high-fat diet (HFD) and another group received 30 % HFD with curcumin (200 mg/kg body weight). Food intake, body weight and biochemical parameters were measured at the beginning and at the end of the study. After 10 weeks, oxidative stress parameters in skeletal muscle and hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) content were estimated. Histological examinations of the liver samples were performed at the end of the experiment.: High-fat feeding caused increase in body weight, liver and adipose tissue mass. Rats fed with HFD showed increased levels of fasting plasma glucose, insulin, Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol (TC), TAG, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c) and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). There was also increase in the plasma inflammatory markers [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP)] and skeletal muscle oxidative stress parameters [malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS)] in these rats. In addition, high-fat feeding increased liver TAG content and caused fat accumulation in the liver. Treatment with curcumin significantly reduced body weight, relative organ weights (liver, adipose tissue), glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR. Curcumin supplementation decreased plasma levels of TC, TAG, VLDL-c, TNF-α and increased HDL-c. Administration of curcumin also reduced MDA, TOS in skeletal muscle, hepatic TAG content and liver fat deposition.: Curcumin supplementation improved HFD-induced dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin resistance.

scholarly journals The Role of Poly-Herbal Extract in Sodium Chloride-Induced Oxidative Stress and Hyperlipidemia in Male Wistar Rats

Medicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Olubukola Sinbad Olorunnisola ◽  
Peter Ifeoluwa Adegbola ◽  
Bamidele Stephen Ajilore ◽  
Olayemi Adebola Akintola ◽  
Olumide Samuel Fadahunsi
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Consistent consumption of high salt diet (HSD) has been associated with increased cellular generation of free radicals, which has been implicated in the derangement of some vital organs and etiology of cardiovascular disorders. This study was designed to investigate the combined effect of some commonly employed medicinal plants on serum lipid profile and antioxidant status of aorta, kidney, and liver of high salt diet-fed animals. Out of the total fifty male Wistar rats obtained, fifteen were used for acute toxicity study, while the remaining thirty-five were divided into 5 groups of 7 animals each. Group 1 and 2 animals were fed normal rat chow (NRC) and 16% high salt diet (HSD) only, respectively. Animals in groups 3, 4 and 5 were fed 16% HSD with 800, 400, and 200 mg/kg bw poly-herbal extract (PHE), respectively, once for 28 consecutive days. Serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione concentration, and activities were assessed in the aorta, kidney, and liver. Poly-herbal extract (p < 0.05) significantly reduced malondialdehyde and nitric oxide concentrations and also increased antioxidant enzymes and glutathione activity. Elevated serum TG, TC, LDL, and TC content in HSD-fed animals were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced to normal in PHE-treated rats while HDL was significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in a concentration-dependent manner in PHE treated animals. Feeding with PHE attenuated high-salt diet imposed derangement in serum lipid profile and antioxidant status in the organs of the experimental rats.

scholarly journals Sub-Chronic Administration of Tramadol, Caffeinated Drink and Alcohol Precipitated Dysfunctions in Health Indices of Male Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
E. B. Oyewo ◽  
J. B. Oso ◽  
J. O. Fatoki ◽  
A. L. Adedeji ◽  
G. E. Adeleke
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Opioid Agonist ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Tramadol is a popular drug of abuse among adolescent and young adults in many developing African countries due to the opioid agonist properties. We investigated the health implications of the sub-chronic concurrent abuse of tramadol, caffeinated drink and alcohol in adult male Wistar rats. Tramadol was administered at 40 and 20 mg/kg BW respectively, caffeinated drink at 10 ml/kg BW and alcohol at 2 ml/kg BW. The rats were handled such that: group A received distilled water; groups B and C received tramadol and distilled water; groups D and E received tramadol and caffeinated drink; groups F and Greceived tramadol and alcohol; and groups H and I received caffeinated drink and alcohol respectively. The concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH),malondialdehyde (MDA),protein carbonyl (PC),protein thiol (PT), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol (ox-LDLC), and activities of paraoxonase (PON-1) and acetylcholine esterase (ACE) were determined. Histo-pathological analysis was performed on the liver, kidney, brain and small intestine. The concentrations of blood nitric oxide, GSH and MDA increased (p<0.05) inconsistently with no alterationsin PC (p>0.05). Inconsistent alterations were obtained in blood PON-1 activities across the groups. Decreases were recorded in the GSH and TPT in the liver and brain with increases in PC and MDA (p<0.05). Inconsistent increases were obtained in the concentrations ox-LDLC, VCAM-1, IL-1β and MCP-1, and ACE activities. Consistent alterations were observed in the photomicrographs of the brain, kidney, intestine and liver of rats co-administered 40 mg/kg BW of tramadol withcaffeinated drink or alcohol. The overall findings indicated that the use of tramadol singly at 40 mg/kg BW or co-administered at both doses with caffeinated drink and alcohol precipitated various dysfunctions to health that could reduce the quality of life.

scholarly journals Antiobesity Activity of Flavanoids Isolated from Solanum macrocarpum in Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
N. N. Ngwa ◽  
N. M. Nnam
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Chow Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Palatable Diet ◽  
Acclimatization Period

Aims: To correlate obesity/atherosclerosis with body mass index, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, serum low density lipoprotein   and serum high density lipoprotein of diet induced obese wistar rats. Study Design: Department of Home Science, Nutrition and Dietetics (Animal research house) and Department of veterinary science both in University of Nigeria Nsukka. The study was conducted between January to March 2012. Methodology: Four groups of twenty male Wistar rats were fed a highly palatable diet for 2 weeks to induce obesity resembling mild obesity condition in human population after one week acclimatization period. DIO rats received rat chow and flavonoids extract daily for 6 weeks. Group 1 received rat chow alone; Group 2- 0.05% of flavonoids extract and rat chow; Group 3- 0.15% of flavonoid extract and rat chow; and Group 4- 0.25% of flavonoid extract and rat chow. BMI, Total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and Triglyceride were evaluated using standard assay technique. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and mean separated using LSD. Results: Feeding the rats with palatable diet showed increased in BMI (from 0.35-0.40 to 0.60-0.65), total cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride levels along with decrease in HDL (p<0.05). Consumption of flavonoids resulted in the significant reduction in BMI, LDL, total cholesterol and triglyceride level and exhibit significant elevation in  HDL cholesterol compared to the rats fed only rat chow (p<0.05). It was observed that the decrease in BMI, Triglyceride, total  cholesterol and LDL cholesterol level of rats fed 0.25% of flavonoids were significantly different (p<0.05) from those fed 0.15% and 0.05% flavonoids. Conclusions: The results suggest that flavonoids extract from Solanum macranthum has atherogenic effect which can help to reduce obesity.

Abstract 3512: Disruption of Whole Nitric Oxide Synthase System Causes Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Resistance in Mice in Vivo

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sei Nakata ◽  
Masato Tsutsui ◽  
Hiroaki Shimokawa ◽  
Ken Sabanai ◽  
Yasuko Yatera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Insulin Levels

Background : Nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) system consists of 3 different isoforms, including neuronal (nNOS), inducible (iNOS), and endothelial NOSs (eNOS). We have recently succeeded in developing mice lacking all NOS genes (triply n/i/eNOS-KO mice) ( PNAS 2005). Our preliminary study has revealed that the triply-KO mice develop acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The present study was designed to investigate abnormalities of glucose metabolism, an important risk factor of MI, in those mice. Methods and Results : Experiments were performed in 3-month-old male wild-type (WT) and triply-KO mice (n=5–7). At 15 minutes after intravenous glucose administration (1 g/kg), plasma glucose levels (mg/dl) were significantly higher in the triply-KO (475 ± 44) than in the WT mice (241 ± 20) ( P< 0.05), and plasma insulin levels (ng/dl) were significantly lower in the triply-KO (0.50 ± 0.03) than in the WT mice (0.78 ± 0.03) ( P< 0.05). In the triply-KO mice, the size of pancreatic islets (islet/pancreatic area, 0.64 ± 0.16 vs. 2.81 ± 0.64%) was significantly smaller ( P< 0.05), and significant apoptosis of pancreatic islets (apoptotic/total islets, 19 ± 2 vs. 3 ± 1%) (TUNEL staining) was noted as compared with the WT mice ( P< 0.05). Furthermore, insulin sensitivity (as assessed by insulin-induced [ 3 H]-glucose uptake in isolated soleus muscle) (fold increase) was markedly reduced in the triply-KO mice (1.1 ± 0.03) as compared with the WT mice (2.1 ± 0.3) ( P< 0.05), associated with an impairment of insulin-induced translocation of glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) to the cellular membrane (immunofluorescent staining) ( P< 0.05). Importantly, supplementation of NO by long-term treatment with isosorbide dinitrate (0.4 mg/day, 6 weeks, dermal application) significantly reversed all these abnormalities of glucose metabolism in the triply-KO mice; plasma glucose (280 ± 28) and insulin levels (0.89 ± 0.10) after glucose tolerance test, insulin sensitivity (1.5 ± 0.08), and GLUT-4 translocation were all improved (all P< 0.05). Conclusions : These results indicate that disruption of whole NOSs system causes impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in mice in vivo, suggesting a critical role of endogenous NO/NOSs system in maintaining glucose metabolism.

scholarly journals Protective Role of Picralima nitida Seed Extract in High-Fat High-Fructose-Fed Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Opeyemi Christianah De Campos ◽  
Daniel Ikpomwosa Osaigbovo ◽  
Titilayo Ifeoluwa Bisi-Adeniyi ◽  
Franklyn Nonso Iheagwam ◽  
Solomon Oladapo Rotimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Metabolic Genes ◽  
High Fructose

Picralima nitida is a therapeutic herb used in ethnomedicine for the management of several disease conditions including diabetes. This study examined the potential palliative effect of aqueous seed extract of Picralima nitida (APN) on dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and the expression of some metabolic genes in high-fat high-fructose-fed rats. Experimental rats (2 months old) were fed a control diet or a high-fat diet with 25% fructose (HFHF diet) in their drinking water for nine weeks. APN was administered orally during the last four weeks. Anthropometric and antioxidant parameters, lipid profile, plasma glucose, and insulin levels and the relative expression of some metabolic genes were assessed. APN caused a significant decrease ( P < 0.05 ) in weight gained, body mass index, insulin resistance, plasma glucose, and insulin levels. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was significantly increased ( P < 0.05 ), while triacylglycerol, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, cardiac index, atherogenic index, coronary artery index, and malondialdehyde levels in plasma and liver samples were also significantly decreased ( P < 0.05 ) by APN at all experimental doses when compared to the group fed with an HFHF diet only. APN also significantly ( P < 0.05 ) upregulated the relative expression of glucokinase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), and leptin at 400 mg/kg body weight when compared to the group fed with an HFHF diet only. This study showed that APN alleviated dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and oxidant effect associated with the intake of a high-fat high-fructose diet.

The rs1862513 Variant in Resistin Gene-Modified Insulin Resistance and Insulin Levels after Weight Loss Secondary to Hypocaloric Diet

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 256-262
Author(s):  
Daniel Antonio de Luis ◽  
Olatz Izaola ◽  
David Primo ◽  
Beatriz de la Fuente ◽  
Ines Mulero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hypocaloric Diet ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Mutant Type ◽  
Mutant Genotype ◽  
Type Group ◽  
Insulin Levels

Background/Aims: Polymorphisms of a single nucleotide in RETN have been associated with indexes of insulin resistance. Our aim was to analyze the effects of the rs1862513 RETN gene polymorphism on insulin resistance, insulin levels, and resistin levels changes after 3 months of a low-fat hypocaloric diet. Design: A Caucasian population of 133 obese patients was analyzed before and after 3 months on a low-fat hypocaloric diet. Results: Fifty-six patients (42.1%) had the genotype GG (wild group) and 77 (57.9%) patients had the other genotypes; GC (59 patients, 44.4%) or CC (18 patients, 13.5%; mutant group). In wild and mutant genotype groups, weight, body mass index, fat mass, waist circumference, and systolic blood pressure decreased. In the wild genotype group, the decrease in total cholesterol was -13.1 ± 25.3 mg/dL (vs. -4.4 ± 13.7 mg/dL in mutant group: p = 0.004 for group deltas), low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol was -13.0 ± 21.5 mg/dL (-4.3 ± 10.5 mg/dL: p = 0.007), glucose -7.2 ± 3.5 mg/dL (-0.8 ± 0.2 mg/dL: p = 0.01), insulin -5.6 ± 2.5 mUI/L (-2.9 ± 1.2 mUI/L: p = 0.03) and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) -2.5 ± 1.1 (-0.6 ± 1.4: p = 0.02). Leptin levels decreased in both genotypes (-10.1 ± 9.5 ng/dL in wild type group vs. -13.1 ± 0.2 ng/dL in mutant type group: p > 0.05). Conclusion: The present study suggests that the G/G genotype of RETN rs1862513 could be a predictor of the reduction of HOMA-IR, insulin, fasting glucose and LDL cholesterol secondary to a hypocaloric diet in obese subjects.

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