Electronic licence plate technology: automatic vehicle location and identification

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1035-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Bergan ◽  
Loyd Henion ◽  
Milan Krukar ◽  
Brani Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Vehicle Classification ◽  
Vehicle Identification ◽  
Weigh In Motion ◽  
Automatic Vehicle Identification ◽  
Highway Network

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the current level of technology in automatic vehicle identification (AVI). The technology is often referred to as electronic licence plate technology, due to the use of unique vehicle identity transponders (electronic licence plates) affixed to particular highway vehicles. Interrogator or roadside receiver units placed at strategic locations or nodes on a highway network can locate and identify the particular vehicle.The main thrust of the paper is on the different types of AVI systems and the technologies employed. The discussion includes the widespread applications for AVI from both a highway administrator and road transport industry point of view. Finally, the paper discusses two AVI demonstration projects. These projects are the urban system implemented in Hong Kong and the highway system in the United States and parts of Canada known as the Heavy Vehicle and Electronic Licence Plate Project (HELP). Key words: automatic vehicle identification, electronic licence plate, road pricing, automatic vehicle classification, weigh-in-motion, commercial transportation, vehicular traffic control, pavement, Heavy Truck and Electronic Licence Plate Project.

Length-Based Vehicle Classification Schemes and Length Bin Boundaries

2013 ◽  
Vol 2339 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Weinblatt ◽  
Erik Minge ◽  
Scott Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Vehicle Classification ◽  
Pavement Performance ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
Weigh In Motion

Vehicle classification data are an important component of traffic-monitoring programs. Although most vehicle classification conducted in the United States is axle based, some applications could be supplemented or replaced by length-based data. The typically higher deployment cost and reliability issues associated with collecting axle-based data as compared with length-based data present a challenge. This paper reports on analyses of alternative length-based vehicle classification schemes and appropriate length bin boundaries. The primary analyses use data from a set of 13 Long-Term Pavement Performance weigh-in-motion sites, all in rural areas; additional analyses are conducted with data from 11 Michigan Department of Transportation weigh-in-motion sites located in rural and small urban areas and one site located in an urbanized area. For most states, the recommended length-based vehicle classification scheme is a four-bin scheme (motorcycles, short, medium, and long) with an optional very long bin recommended for use by states in which significant numbers of longer combination vehicles operate.

scholarly journals Automatic system for identification of a vehicle based on the application of the matrix QR code

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-201
Author(s):  
R. N. Safiullin ◽  
◽  
E. V. Morozov ◽  
D. D. Belikova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Vehicle Identification ◽  
Vehicle Operation ◽  
Automatic Vehicle Identification ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Code Type ◽  
Mixed Pattern

The article discusses a new method of automatic vehicle identification system (AVIS) based on the developed system of vehicle traffic control using matrix QR-code, which solves the problem of segmentation of license plates and signs of different formats (signs of the QR-code type with a different number of characters). The system has been created in order to recognize segmented characters from the same input sets that have the same size without overlapping letters and sets of numbers. It is proposed to apply a method for recognizing non-standard characters, based on the use of a mixed pattern method, the degree of compliance. Based on testing of 100 samples of templates and signs, experiments and images taken in real conditions of vehicle operation, it can be stated, that this method provides a recognition accuracy of 80.4%., for the mixed pattern method, it takes 1.7 seconds, and for the compliance templates it takes 0.75 second to perform the recognition operation when determining the adequacy of the application of the mixed method.

Seasonal Factors Using Vehicle Classification Data

1997 ◽  
Vol 1593 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikiforos Stamatiadis ◽  
David L. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Cost Allocation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vehicle Classification ◽  
Seasonal Adjustment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Weigh In Motion ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Adjustment Factors ◽  
Relationship Of

The increased use of equipment having automatic vehicle classification capabilities and weigh-in-motion devices produces a large amount of new data that can provide some insights into understanding traffic patterns more efficiently. These data can be used in determining seasonal adjustment factors for correcting traffic counts, in estimating truck traffic for highway cost allocation studies, and in predicting traffic volumes for roadways. However, due to practical limitations, it is not possible to obtain continuous data collection for all roads; thus, short-term counts are usually performed. Therefore, it is important to understand the relationship of the data obtained in a short-term period to those for the entire year. A study is currently under way that determines these relationships and develops seasonal adjustment factors for the state of Kentucky. The first step of the study was a survey of current uses of vehicle classification data and methods used for data collection throughout the United States. The results indicated that most states use no seasonal adjustment factors nor are they planning to develop any factors in the near future. At the same time, analysis of 2 years of vehicle classification data was used to develop seasonal and daily factors for Kentucky. Currently, the validation of these factors is under way. The preliminary analysis indicated that seasonal adjustment factors are essential in developing accurate estimates of traffic volumes for each vehicle type, and their use can improve the estimation of daily volumes.

Truck Travel Time Around Weigh Stations: Effects of Weigh in Motion and Automatic Vehicle Identification Systems

2000 ◽  
Vol 1716 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahim F. Benekohal ◽  
Yoassry M. El-Zohairy ◽  
Stanley Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
The Road ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Electronic Screening ◽  
Vehicle Identification ◽  
Weigh In Motion ◽  
Automatic Vehicle Identification ◽  
On The Road

Weigh in motion (WIM) technology may provide an efficient and cost-effective complement to static weighing. An evaluation of the effectiveness of an automated bypass system around a weigh station in Illinois is presented. The system combines the use of automatic vehicle identification (AVI), high-speed weigh in motion (HSWIM), and low-speed weigh in motion (LSWIM) technologies to facilitate preclearance for trucks at the weigh station. The preinstallation conditions were compared with post-installation conditions of WIM/AVI so that the effects and benefits of the system could be evaluated. During preinstallation, average delay was 4.9 min/truck, and 7 percent of trucks had delays of more than 10 min. The station was intermittently closed to prevent the truck queue from backing up onto the Interstate highway, allowing 15 to 51 percent of trucks to bypass the station without being weighed. In postinstallation, the delay for trucks equipped with transponder and allowed to bypass on the freeway was reduced by 4.17 min. The delay for trucks equipped with transponders and allowed to bypass inside the weigh station was reduced by 2.02 min. The delay for trucks that reported to the weigh station decreased by 1.25 min. On the other hand, less than 1 percent of trucks that have been observed in after-study were able to bypass on the freeway. With greater numbers of trucks being checked, fewer trucks on the road may exceed the allowable weight limits. Consequently, electronic screening minimizes road deterioration and risks to public safety and levels the playing field for illegally operating carriers and carriers who operate in compliance with the law.

Bipartisanship as Possible Alternative of Russian Political System Evolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 256-265
Author(s):  
Konstantin V. Simonov ◽  
Stanislav P. Mitrakhovich
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Political System ◽  
Party System ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Practical Advice ◽  
Simultaneous Separation

The article examines the possibility of transfer to bipartisan system in Russia. The authors assess the benefits of the two-party system that include first of all the ensuring of actual political competition and authority alternativeness with simultaneous separation of minute non-system forces that may contribute to the country destabilization. The authors analyze the accompanying risks and show that the concept of the two-party system as the catalyst of elite schism is mostly exaggerated. The authors pay separate attention to the experience of bipartisan system implementation in other countries, including the United States. They offer detailed analysis of the generated concept of the bipartisanship crisis and show that this point of view doesn’t quite agree with the current political practice. The authors also examine the foreign experience of the single-party system. They show that the success of the said system is mostly insubstantial, besides many of such systems have altered into more complex structures, while commentators very often use not the actual information but the established myths about this or that country. The authors also offer practical advice regarding the potential technologies of transition to the bipartisan system in Russia.

Effect of Changing a Traffic Control Device Color on Driver Behavior and Perception across Different Age Groups

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110111
Author(s):  
Hatem Abou-Senna ◽  
Mohamed El-Agroudy ◽  
Mustapha Mouloua ◽  
Essam Radwan
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Driving Conditions ◽  
And Performance

The use of express lanes (ELs) in freeway traffic management has seen increasing popularity throughout the United States, particularly in Florida. These lanes aim at making the most efficient transportation system management and operations tool to provide a more reliable trip. An important component of ELs is the channelizing devices used to delineate the separation between the ELs and the general-purpose lane. With the upcoming changes to the FHWA Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, this study provided an opportunity to recommend changes affecting safety and efficiency on a nationwide level. It was important to understand the impacts on driver perception and performance in response to the color of the EL delineators. It was also valuable to understand the differences between demographics in responding to delineator colors under different driving conditions. The driving simulator was used to test the responses of several demographic groups to changes in marker color and driving conditions. Furthermore, participants were tested for several factors relevant to driving performance including visual and subjective responses to the changes in colors and driving conditions. Impacts on driver perception were observed via eye-tracking technology with changes to time of day, visibility, traffic density, roadway surface type, and, crucially, color of the delineating devices. The analyses concluded that white was the optimal and most significant color for notice of delineators across the majority of subjective and performance measures, followed by yellow, with black being the least desirable.

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