Role of computers in the design of energy-responsive buildings

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Radu Zmeureanu ◽  
Paul Fazio
Keyword(s):  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Interactive Software ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Hollow Core Slab ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Closer collaboration of the traditional disciplines of architecture, structural engineering, and mechanical engineering is required at the design stage to better deal with the complexity of modern buildings, and to maintain the cost of energy low while providing a suitable indoor environment during the life of the building.The availability of personal computers and the development of interactive software provide more opportunities for an integrated approach to building design. This approach is useful in determining the impact of one subsystem on the performance of another subsystem and on the overall performance of the building. An example of such an integrated approach is presented in this paper, which determines the impact of a structural system (hollow core slab) and its mass on the energy consumption of the building. Key words: building design, computers, energy.

scholarly journals Editorial introduction: Gender and political financing

2021 ◽  
pp. 019251212110409
Author(s):  
Rainbow Murray ◽  
Ragnhild Muriaas ◽  
Vibeke Wang
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Institutional Reform ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Women Candidates ◽  
Female Candidates ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Contesting elections is extremely expensive. The need for money excludes many prospective candidates, resulting in the over-representation of wealth within politics. The cost of contesting elections has been underestimated as a cause of women’s under-representation. Covering seven case studies in six papers, this special issue makes theoretical and empirical contributions to understanding how political financing is gendered. We look at the impact on candidates, arguing that the personal costs of running for office can be prohibitive, and that fundraising is harder for female challengers. We also explore the role of political parties, looking at when and how parties might introduce mitigating measures to support female candidates with the costs of running. We demonstrate how political institutions shape the cost of running for office, illustrate how this is gendered and consider the potential consequences of institutional reform. We also note how societal gender norms can have financial repercussions for women candidates.

scholarly journals Modeling in Early Stages of Technology Development: Is an Iterative Approach Needed? Comment on "Problems and Promises of Health Technologies: The Role of Early Health Economic Modeling"

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Health Economic ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Economic Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Iterative Approach ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Early Health ◽  
The Cost

A recent paper by Grutters et al makes the case for early health economic modeling in the development of health technologies. A number of examples of the value of early modeling are given, with analyses being performed at different stages in the development of several non-drug health technologies. This commentary acknowledges the contribution of the paper by Grutters et al and argues for an iterative and integrated approach to early modeling, assessing the cost-effectiveness of the technology, the value of future research and the interaction with the manufacturer’s pricing and revenue expectations.

Consumer based brand equity in the 21st century: an examination of the role of social media marketing

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Yazdanparast ◽  
Mathew Joseph ◽  
Fernanda Muniz
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Brand Equity ◽  
Social Media Marketing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Population ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The present research investigates the influence of brand-based social media marketing (SMM) activities on metrics of consumer-based brand equity (CBBE). Specifically, the study examines the role of consumer-brand social media experiences on attitude toward SMM activities of brands and its consequent impact on brand perceptions. Design/methodology/approach Paper-and-pencil surveys were administered to undergraduate students in a Southwestern university in exchange for extra credit. Survey questions were adapted from previously validated scales, and measurement adaptations were minimal and only related to the context of questions to assure their relevance with the context of this study. Bi-variate correlation, bootstrapping technique, Sobel test, ANOVA and linear regression were used to test the hypotheses. Findings The results indicate that brand-based SMM is essential in impacting consumers’ attitudes toward brands and consequently, CBBE reflected via perceived value for the cost, perceived uniqueness and the willingness to pay a price premium for a brand. Additionally, the main reason for individuals to use social media impacts their attitudes toward and receptiveness of SMM activities of brands. Research limitations/implications This study used a sample of college students to address the research questions. Considering the higher adoption rate and interest in social media among younger consumer groups, the results may not be representative of the entire population. Much of the existing research on social media, however, has focused on undergraduate college students and is primarily based on studies utilizing the similar research population. Originality/value The present research is one of the few studies that empirically examine the impact of consumer-brand interactions/experiences on consumers’ attitudes toward SMM activities of brands, as well as brand-related knowledge and perceptions as reflected by CBBE. The results indicate that the CBBE model of the twenty-first century should incorporate the role of brand-based SMM activities as facilitators of brand knowledge (i.e. brand awareness and brand image) by reinforcing or even shaping important brand-based associations.

Discussion of “Passive Control of Building Response Using Energy Dissipating Cladding Connections” by J. P. Pinelli, J. I. Craig, G. J. Goodno, and C. C. Hsu

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-446
Author(s):  
Julie Mark Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Passive Control ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Building Systems ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Architectural Research

The authors should be commended for their pioneering research work on structural cladding and energy-dissipating connections. This discussion has been written to help ensure that this research, which is multidisciplinary in nature, leads to practical applications. All structural engineering researchers must recognize that structural cladding design is one of the broadest building-related research topics that can be tackled. They should not focus only on topics that have roots in structural engineering alone, and thus deny the integral role of structural cladding in building design. The importance of a building systems approach must be recognized. In doing so, the role of the architect will become obvious, and a promising collaborative effort will be established. This discussion is made from the perspective of a background in structural engineering and architectural research and practice.

Falling through the cracks: a case study of how a timely integrated approach can reverse frailty

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 382-387
Author(s):  
Karen Freer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Multifaceted Interventions ◽  
Individualised Care ◽  
The Impact

The article ‘Social frailty: the importance of social and environmental factors in predicting frailty in older adults’ published in the British Journal of Community Nursing in 2019 reviewed the concept and models of frailty and how the role of social and environmental circumstances interplay. To better inform interventions within the community, the impact of social isolation and environmental disorder on frailty and the wellbeing of an individual patient are further explored. This paper describes the case of a 76-year-old man, Tommy, who was living with frailty and how an individualised care plan was undertaken, evidencing the positive effects that an integrated approach from health, social care, housing and the voluntary sector can offer. Multifaceted interventions are described, which were used to reverse frailty and change Tommy's future for the better.

Can Information on Cost Improve Clinicians' Behavior?: Lessons from Health Care Trials and Management

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Lowet ◽  
John M. Eisenberg
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Price Competition ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Cost Information ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Practice Variations ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

AbstractFacing intense price competition and societal pressures, health care provider organizations have focused increasingly on the cost-effectiveness of medical services. In instances when there is insufficient evidence that a more expensive treatment course generates improved outcomes, the lower cost option is often encouraged. Yet, with resource utilization still determined principally by individual physicians, large practice variations often persist. This paper reviews the literature and explores the impact of sharing cost information on physicians' practice patterns utilizing management theory concepts. More research should be conducted to determine long-term benefits of educational interventions, physicians' fundamental views on the relationship between cost and quality and its effect on their responsiveness to cost information, and the role of leadership in changing clinical behavior.

Cost estimation for electric light and power elements during building design

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajibade A. Aibinu ◽  
Dharma Dassanayake ◽  
Toong-Khuan Chan ◽  
Ram Thangaraj
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ann Modeling ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
Ann Models ◽  
The Cost

Purpose – The study reported in this paper proposed the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) as viable alternative to regression for predicting the cost of building services elements at the early stage of design. The purpose of this paper is to develop, test and validate ANN models for predicting the costs of electrical services components. Design/Methodology/Approach – The research is based on data mining of over 200 building projects in the office of a medium size electrical contractor. Of the over 200 projects examined, 71 usable data were found and used for the ANN modeling. Regression models were also explored using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences Statistics Software 21, for the purpose of comparison with the ANN models. Findings – The findings show that the cost forecasting models based on ANN algorithm are more viable alternative to regression models for predicting the costs of light wiring, power wiring and cable pathways. The ANN prediction errors achieved are 6.4, 4.5 and 4.5 per cent for the three models developed whereas the regression models were insignificant. They did not fit any of the known regression distributions. Practical implications – The validated ANN models were converted to a desktop application (user interface) package – “Intelligent Estimator.” The application is important because it can be used by construction professionals to reliably and quickly forecast the costs of power wiring, light wiring and cable pathways using building variables that are readily available or measurable during design stage, i.e. fully enclosed covered area, unenclosed covered area, internal perimeter length and number of floors. Originality/value – Previous studies have concluded that the methods of estimating the budget for building structure and fabric work are inappropriate for use with mechanical and electrical services. Thus, this study is unique because it applied the ANN modeling technique, for the first time, to cost modeling of electrical services components for building using real world data. The analysis shows that ANN is a better alternative to regression models for predicting cost of services elements because the relationship between cost and the cost drivers are non-linear and distribution types are unknown.

Technical Assessment of Constructions in Real Estate Appraisal

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 639-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Albu
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Real Estate Appraisal ◽  
Cost Approach ◽  
Technical Assessment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

One of the modern society priorities is the tendency towards sustainable social and economic development. Sustainable development is possible through the preservation and efficient use of the values created by our ancestors and the ability to meet current needs so as not to endanger the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Real estate appraisal activity evaluates the changes in property value over time. Physical or legal actions on the property are justified only if the future value is not affected.Theory and practice of appraisal activity quantifies three approaches to value:The Sales Comparison Approach – value is examined in terms of current market preferences;The Income Approach – determine the income the property is expected to generate over time as a result of the most probable use;The Cost Approach – value is perceived in terms of replacement cost of real estate with one with comparable utility.Technical assessment of constructions is applied as a rule mainly in the cost approach, and has a major impact on the estimate of market value. The role of technical assessment is reduced, even ignored and not taken into account in other approaches.The present research examined the role of technical assessment of constructions in the process of real estate appraisal and the impact of inspection on the real estate value.

scholarly journals Reducing the Cost of Energy From Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plants

Solar Energy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Price ◽  
David Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Mojave Desert ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Solar Power Plants ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fossil Fuel Power Plants

Parabolic trough solar technology is the most proven and lowest cost large-scale solar power technology available today, primarily because of the nine large commercial-scale solar power plants that are operating in the California Mojave Desert. However, no new plants have been built during the past ten years because the cost of power from these plants is more expensive than power from conventional fossil fuel power plants. This paper reviews the current cost of energy and the potential for reducing the cost of energy from parabolic trough solar power plant technology based on the latest technological advancements and projected improvements from industry and sponsored R&D. The paper also looks at the impact of project financing and incentives on the cost of energy.

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