CLAVINE ALKALOID FORMATION IN SUBMERGED CULTURES OF A CLAVICEPS SPECIES

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 915-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Vining ◽  
P. M. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Mevalonic Acid ◽  
Submerged Cultures ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Carbon:Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Alkaloid Synthesis ◽  
Clavine Alkaloids ◽  
High Production ◽  
Ammonium Succinate ◽  
Major Nutrients

The role of major nutrients in a glucose – mannitol – ammonium succinate – mineral salts medium which supports high production of clavine alkaloids was examined. Mannitol was found to be superior to other carbohydrates as a source of carbon but, under certain conditions, could be partially replaced with glucose. Ammonia provided the most suitable source of nitrogen, and was best supplied as ammonium succinate. In media with glucose and mannitol as principal carbon source, ammonium and succinate ions were utilized at parallel rates, maintaining the pH of the culture within the favorable range of 5.5–6.5 during alkaloid formation. For maximum yields there were optimum values for the initial concentrations of ammonia and phosphate in the medium. The concentration of phosphate required was growth-limiting. A high carbon:nitrogen ratio was necessary to prolong the phase of alkaloid synthesis. Production was increased by the "addition of L-tryptophan but not DL-mevalonic acid. The advantages of this medium for promoting alkaloid formation appear to be limited to clavine-producing strains isolated from Pennisetum typhoideum.

Role of Mineral Salts

1958 ◽  
pp. 285-303
Author(s):  
ARNE ENGSTRÖM ◽  
J.B. FINEAN
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Salts

Studies on the possible relationships of microbodies and multivesicular bodies to oxalate, endopolygalacturonase, and cellulase (Cx) production by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1743-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P. Maxwell ◽  
Paul H. Williams ◽  
Martha D. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Ultrastructural Organization ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
High Production

The possible functional role of vesicles and crystal-containing microbodies in the production of oxalate, endopolygalacturonase, or cellulase by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was investigated. The presence of multivesicular bodies in hyphal tips was not correlated with secretion or production of oxalate or these extracellular hydrolases. More crystal-containing microbodies were present in hyphal tips grown on media which supported greater extracellular enzyme production. No correlation existed between numbers of crystal-containing microbodies in hyphal tips and production of oxalate. Numerous membrane-bound vesicles (0.09–0.18 µm diam) were associated with tips grown on a D-glucose–Na succinate medium which supported high production of oxalate. The general ultrastructural organization of these hyphal tips was similar to that reported for other ascomycetes. Differences in numbers and distributions of organelles were observed between hyphal tips and older hyphae as well as between hyphal tips grown on the different carbon sources.

Role of mevalonic acid in the regulation of natural killer cell cytotoxicity

1989 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lynn Cutts ◽  
Terrence J. Scallen ◽  
John Watson ◽  
Arthur D. Bankhurst
Keyword(s):  
Natural Killer Cell ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Mevalonic Acid ◽  
Cell Cytotoxicity ◽  
Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity

CHANGES THE CYTOKINE PROFILE AND CALCIUM-REGULATING HORMONES IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 673-676
Author(s):  
Asmaya Saftar Huseynova
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
High Production ◽  
Serological Variant

The aim was to study the level of some cytokines (İL-2, İL-6, İL-8 TNFα) and calcium regulating hormones (calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, 25 (OH) D) in the blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) depending on rheumatoid factor (RF) and the assessment of the role of the revealed violations in the pathogenesis of bone loss in this pathology. For this purpose, 74 patients with RA (59 women, 15 men) aged from 27 to 71 were examined. On the basis of RF in the blood serum, the patients were divided into 2 groups: seronegative and seropositive RA. The control group included 16 healthy individuals (13 women, 3 men). The results obtained that the serological variant of RA affects the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines and calcium-regulating hormones: more pronounced changes were found in seropositive RA. The high production of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and parathyroid hormone detected in both groups of patients undoubtedly contributes to the mechanisms of bone loss in RA. In both groups we detected hypovitaminosis D. This results recommended to use this vitamin in the complex treatment of RA.

scholarly journals SYSTEMIC EFFECTS OF LOCAL PRODUCTIONOFPRO- AND ANTI-FIBROGENIC MEDIATORS IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS PATIENTS

2016 ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
N. Stepanova ◽  
O. Burdeyna ◽  
V. Driyanska ◽  
V. Savchenko ◽  
M. Kolesnyk
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Peritoneal Fibrosis ◽  
Membrane Function ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
Ultrafiltration Failure ◽  
Regression Relationship ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
High Production

Peritonealfibrosis (PF) is a common morphological change in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. With the progression of PF, peritoneal membrane function is impaired, which leads to ultrafiltration failure. Results of studies in recent years show the crucial role of high production monocytic chemoattractant protein -1 (MCP-1) of peritoneal fibrosis in PD-patients. The aim was to determine intraperitoneally production ofIL-10 and MCP-1 and its relationship with clinical and laboratory parameters of adequacy of dialysis. Patients and methods. A prospective observational study involved 18patients with CKD stage Vwith non-diabetic nephropathy, were treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (PAPD). The limits of the normal range (reference range) were obtained from the survey results of 10 conditionally healthy individuals. ELISA method in serum and peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE) investigated levels ofIL-10 and MSP-1. PAPD adequacy indicators evaluated by determining the concentration of urea and creatinine in plasma, urine and dialysate, calculated weekly creatinine clearance (CrCl), dialysis (Ш/ Vd), renal (Ш / Vr) and шА weekly urea clearance (Kt/ V). [email protected]  Results. In all of the PD-patients compared to healthy donors conventionally, there was a significant increase in concentration of the cytokines. We determined the positive regression relationship between the concentration of MCP-1 and IL-10 in PDE and the level of total weekly (Kt / V) and renal (Kt / Vr). Conclusions. We determined the regression dependence, which allowed to identify clinical parameters that are most closely (statistically significant) related to intraperitoneal production of MCP-1 and IL-10.

The relationship between conidiation and alkaloid production in saprophytic strains of Claviceps purpurea

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1182-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pažoutová ◽  
V. Pokorný ◽  
Z. ↠eháček
Keyword(s):  
Parent Strain ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Dense Cytoplasm ◽  
Alkaloid Synthesis ◽  
Granular Cytoplasm ◽  
Clavine Alkaloids ◽  
Conidial Formation ◽  
The Relationship

A direct relationship between alkaloid synthesis and conidia formation was observed in a series of mutants of the saprophytic fungus Claviceps purpurea 129 which produces high quantities of clavine alkaloids (4500 μg∙ml−1). Sclerotia-like mutants forming mostly arthrospores and only a low number of conidiospores were exceptional in that they were characterized by an inverse relationship between alkaloid synthesis and conidial formation. Conidiospores of the parent strain 129 differed both in their size and ultrastructure. They included oval microconidia (2 × 3.5 μm) and prolonged macroconidia (2 × 10.5 μm). Both conidial types originated on short lateral sporophores terminated by phialids. Most conidia were characterized by electron-dense cytoplasm with a number of lipidic inclusions; a minority of conidia contained granular cytoplasm and vacuoles with membrane invaginations. Bicellular conidia were only rarely observed.

Effect of tryptophan on alkaloid biosynthesis in cultures of a Claviceps species

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Vining
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Regulatory Process ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Alkaloid Production ◽  
Alkaloid Biosynthesis ◽  
Alkaloid Synthesis

Addition of tryptophan to cultures of Claviceps strain HLX 123 caused a large increase in alkaloid production. For maximum effect a supplement of at least 250 mg/l was required within 1 day after inoculation. When L-tryptophan-β-14C was used the labeled amino acid accumulated in the mycelium until alkaloid synthesis began, near the end of the growth phase. Intracellular tryptophan was then rapidly incorporated into alkaloids which were excreted into the culture fluid. L-Tryptophan-β-14C added to cultures during the period of rapid alkaloid synthesis was efficiently incorporated into alkaloids, but caused only a small increase in yield. The results suggest that tryptophan stimulates alkaloid production mainly through an increase in activity of the alkaloid-synthesizing enzyme system. The role of tryptophan in the regulatory process is discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document