Change of cell membrane hydrophobicity in a bacterium tolerant to toxic alcohols

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuichi Tsubata ◽  
Toshiyuki Tezuka ◽  
Ryuichiro Kurane
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Solvent Tolerance ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
Log P

An n-heptanol-tolerant bacterium, i.e., Pseudomonas putida No. 69-3, can be derived from an organic solvent sensitive bacterium with the ability to degrade dibenzothiophene by applying ultraviolet rays and exposing to n-heptanol, as reported previously. When the log P value of the alcohol used during cultivation was low, the quantity ratios of individual free fatty acids to the quantity of free fatty acids plus the fatty acids incorporated in lipids was high, the level of high molecular weight lipopolysaccharides was low, and the cell-surface membrane became hydrophobic. This suggests that when the bacterium was exposed to alcohols with low log P values, meaning ones that easily dissolve in water, the bacterium changed degrees of cell-surface hydrophobicity and adapted to the alcohols.Key words: Pseudomonas putida, organic solvent tolerance, fatty acid, lipopolysaccharide, cell-membrane hydrophobicity.

scholarly journals An Oleaginous Bacterium That Intrinsically Accumulates Long-Chain Free Fatty Acids in its Cytoplasm

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 1126-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiki Katayama ◽  
Manabu Kanno ◽  
Naoki Morita ◽  
Tomoyuki Hori ◽  
Takashi Narihiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Chain

ABSTRACTMedium- and long-chain fatty acids are present in organisms in esterified forms that serve as cell membrane constituents and storage compounds. A large number of organisms are known to accumulate lipophilic materials as a source of energy and carbon. We found a bacterium, designated GK12, that intrinsically accumulates free fatty acids (FFAs) as intracellular droplets without exhibiting cytotoxicity. GK12 is an obligatory anaerobic, mesophilic lactic acid bacterium that was isolated from a methanogenic reactor. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that GK12 is affiliated with the familyErysipelotrichaceaein the phylumFirmicutesbut is distantly related to type species in this family (less than 92% similarity in 16S rRNA gene sequence). Saturated fatty acids with carbon chain lengths of 14, 16, 18, and 20 were produced from glucose under stress conditions, including higher-than-optimum temperatures and the presence of organic solvents that affect cell membrane integrity. FFAs were produced at levels corresponding to up to 25% (wt/wt) of the dry cell mass. Our data suggest that FFA accumulation is a result of an imbalance between excess membrane fatty acid biosynthesis due to homeoviscous adaptation and limited β-oxidation activity due to anaerobic growth involving lactic acid fermentation. FFA droplets were not further utilized as an energy and carbon source, even under conditions of starvation. A naturally occurring bacterium that accumulates significant amounts of long-chain FFAs with noncytotoxicity would provide useful strategies for microbial biodiesel production.

scholarly journals The effect of cold storage, time and the population of Pseudomonas species on milk lipolysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
F. A.B. Pereira ◽  
L. L. Luiz ◽  
S. R. Bruzaroski ◽  
R. C. Poli-Frederico ◽  
R. Fagnani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Lower Index ◽  
Whole Milk

The aim of this study was to evaluate the lipolytic index (LI) of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida (2, 5, 6 log CFU/mL) in milk during 96 h by the Lipo R method. The strains were isolated from refrigerated raw milk (30 °C, 48 h), and species were confirmed by PCR, inoculated in reconstituted whole milk, and stored at 2 °C, 4 °C, and 8 °C. The storage time (ST) and temperature were associated with LI of P. putida. The interaction among lipolysis, temperature, and ST occurs even with a low population of P. putida and these variables combined together contributed to about 77% of the free fatty acids (FFA) in milk. The ST, temperature, and population of P. fluorescens showed a significant effect on its LI, and the variables contributed to about 43% of FFA. LI was about 224% higher in milk with P. fluorescens than with P. putida. The reduc-tion in ST and milk temperature resulted in a decrease in lipid lysis and a lower index of FFA by P. putida and P. fluorescens, with P. fluorescens showing a higher lipolytic capacity.

A human cell surface receptor activated by free fatty acids and thiazolidinedione drugs

2003 ◽  
Vol 301 (2) ◽  
pp. 406-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Kotarsky ◽  
Niclas E. Nilsson ◽  
Erik Flodgren ◽  
Christer Owman ◽  
Björn Olde
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Cell ◽  
Cell Surface Receptor ◽  
Surface Receptor

scholarly journals Membrane Vesicle Formation as a Multiple-Stress Response Mechanism Enhances Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E Cell Surface Hydrophobicity and Biofilm Formation

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (17) ◽  
pp. 6217-6224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Baumgarten ◽  
Stefanie Sperling ◽  
Jana Seifert ◽  
Martin von Bergen ◽  
Frank Steiniger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Membrane Vesicle ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTAmong the adaptive responses of bacteria to rapid changes in environmental conditions, those of the cell envelope are known to be the most crucial. Therefore, several mechanisms with which bacteria change their cell surface and membranes in the presence of different environmental stresses have been elucidated. Among these mechanisms, the release of outer membrane vesicles (MV) in Gram-negative bacteria has attracted particular research interest because of its involvement in pathogenic processes, such as that ofPseudomonas aeruginosabiofilm formation in cystic fibrosis lungs. In this study, we investigated the role of MV formation as an adaptive response ofPseudomonas putidaDOT-T1E to several environmental stress factors and correlated it to the formation of biofilms. In the presence of toxic concentrations of long-chain alcohols, under osmotic stress caused by NaCl, in the presence of EDTA, and after heat shock, cells of this strain released MV within 10 min in the presence of a stressor. The MV formed showed similar size and charge properties, as well as comparable compositions of proteins and fatty acids. MV release caused a significant increase in cell surface hydrophobicity, and an enhanced tendency to form biofilms was demonstrated in this study. Therefore, the release of MV as a stress response could be put in a physiological context.

scholarly journals Characterization of Multiple-Substrate Utilization by Anthracene-Degrading Mycobacterium frederiksbergense LB501T

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 6133-6142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Y. Wick ◽  
Natacha Pasche ◽  
Stefano M. Bernasconi ◽  
Oliver Pelz ◽  
Hauke Harms
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Mycolic Acid ◽  
Mixed Substrate ◽  
Mycolic Acids ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

ABSTRACT Stable carbon isotope analysis of biomass and analyses of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA), glycolipid fatty acids (GLFA), and mycolic acids were used to characterize mixed-substrate utilization by Mycobacterium frederiksbergense LB501T under various substrate regimens. The distinct 13C contents of anthracene and glucose as representatives of typical hydrophobic pollutants and naturally occurring organic compounds, respectively, were monitored during formation into biomass and used to quantify the relative contributions of the two carbon sources to biomass formation. Moreover, the influence of mixed-substrate utilization on PLFA, GLFA, and mycolic acid profiles and cell surface hydrophobicity was investigated. Results revealed that M. frederiksbergense LB501T degrades anthracene and forms biomass from it even in the presence of more readily available dissolved glucose. The relative ratios of straight-chain saturated PLFA to the corresponding unsaturated PLFA and the total fraction of saturated cyclopropyl-branched PLFA of M. frederiksbergense LB501T depended on the carbon source and the various rates of addition of mixed substrates, whereas no such trend was observed with GLFA. Higher proportions of anthracene in the carbon source mixture led to higher cell surface hydrophobicities and more-hydrophobic mycolic acids, which in turn appeared to be valuable indicators for substrate utilization by M. frederiksbergense LB501T. The capability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacteria to utilize readily available substrates besides the poorly available PAHs favors the buildup of PAH-degrading biomass. Feeding of supplementary carbon substrates may therefore promote bioremediation, provided that it sustains the pollutant-degrading population rather than other members of the microbial community.

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