Lactoferrin – 50 years on

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy H. Brock
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Iron Transport ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Transport Protein ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Iron Binding ◽  
Plasma Iron ◽  
And Function

It is now some 50 years since iron-binding lactoferrin was first isolated and purified, an event that opened the way to subsequent extensive research on lactoferrin structure and function. The initial recognition that lactoferrin closely resembled the plasma iron-transport protein transferrin meant that lactoferrin was first thought to mediate intestinal iron absorption or to act as an antimicrobial agent. It was also suggested that it could mediate the hyposideraemia of inflammation. This paper will assess to what extent early proposals have stood the test of time and also suggest possible mechanisms by which lactoferrin can mediate the large number of potential functions that have subsequently been proposed. It will also review the ability of lactoferrin to resist digestion in the gastrointestinal tract and identify areas for future research.

The physiology of lactoferrin

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy H Brock
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Iron Nutrition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Iron Binding ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Iron Binding Protein ◽  
And Function

This paper reviews our current knowledge of the structure and function of the iron-binding protein lactoferrin. In particular, it attempts to relate the various proposed physiological functions of lactoferrin to its most characteristic biochemical properties, i.e. its ability to bind iron and its highly basic nature. The extent to which various physiological functions can be considered as definitely established is critically reviewed, and suggestions for future research are proposed.Key words: lactoferrin, iron, nutrition, immunology, infection, inflammation.

scholarly journals PLASMA IRON AND SATURATION OF PLASMA IRON-BINDING PROTEIN IN DOGS AS RELATED TO THE GASTROINTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF RADIOIRON

1950 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Yuile ◽  
John W. Hayden ◽  
James A. Bush ◽  
Henry Tesluk ◽  
Wellington B. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Iron Binding ◽  
Delayed Effect ◽  
Plasma Iron ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Iron Binding Protein

The absorption of a test amount of radioactive iron during artificial saturation of the plasma iron-binding protein, by the repeated intravenous injection of small amounts of iron, was measured in three normal and four anemic dogs. The procedure had no detectable influence on the iron absorption of the normal dogs nor on that of two of the anemic dogs. Two other anemic dogs showed some suppression of iron absorption, though the amount absorbed was still in excess of that absorbed by a normal dog. The reasons for this suppression are not clear from these experiments. Artificially raising the plasma iron to normal levels in one anemic dog did not influence the absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract nor was a delayed effect noted after the plasma iron had fallen to base line levels after 5 hours of artificial saturation. It appears that the plasma iron-binding protein and its relative saturation play little role per se in the control of iron absorption in dogs.

Radiographic Studies on the Structure and Function of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Two Species of Potoroine Marsupials.

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
ID Hume ◽  
CH Carlisle
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Barium Sulphate ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Potorous Tridactylus

The structure and function of the gastrointestinal tracts of 2 potoroine marsupials, Aepyprymnus rufescens, the rufous rat-kangaroo, and Potorous tridactylus, the long-nosed potoroo, were examined by the use of radiographic and fluoroscopic techniques. In both species barium sulphate given by mouth entered the sacciform forestomach within 20 min of dosing, but in the same time the hindstomach and duodenum were clearly outlined. Contrast medium reached the hindgut within 1 to 2 h, but was retained there for at least 24 h. A proportion of radio-opaque particles given by mouth also bypassed the sacciform forestomach, but those that entered the gastric region were retained there for up to 93 h. The stomach constituted 50% of total gut capacity, and the hindgut (caecum and colon) 35%. The sacciform forestomach was the largest gastric region. It is concluded that, on the basis of anatomy and digesta movements, the forestomach may be less important, and the hindgut more important, in fermentative digestion in the Potoroinae than in the Macropodidae.

scholarly journals Using Tertiary Sulci to Map the “Cognitive Globe” of Prefrontal Cortex

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Jacob A. Miller ◽  
Mark D'Esposito ◽  
Kevin S. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
And Function

Stuss considered the human prefrontal cortex (pFC) as a “cognitive globe” [Stuss, D. T., & Benson, D. F. Neuropsychological studies of the frontal lobes. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 3–28, 1984] on which functions of the frontal lobe could be mapped. Here, we discuss classic and recent findings regarding the evolution, development, function, and cognitive role of shallow indentations or tertiary sulci in pFC, with the goal of using tertiary sulci to map the “cognitive globe” of pFC. First, we discuss lateral pFC (LPFC) tertiary sulci in classical anatomy and modern neuroimaging, as well as their development, with a focus on those within the middle frontal gyrus. Second, we discuss tertiary sulci in comparative neuroanatomy, focusing on primates. Third, we summarize recent findings showing the utility of tertiary sulci for understanding structural–functional relationships with functional network insights in ventromedial pFC and LPFC. Fourth, we revisit and update unresolved theoretical perspectives considered by C. Vogt and O. Vogt (Allgemeinere ergebnisse unserer hirnforschung. Journal für Psychologie und Neurologie, 25, 279–462, 1919) and F. Sanides (Structure and function of the human frontal lobe. Neuropsychologia, 2, 209–219, 1964) that tertiary sulci serve as landmarks for cortical gradients. Together, the consideration of these classic and recent findings indicate that tertiary sulci are situated in a unique position within the complexity of the “cognitive globe” of pFC: They are the smallest and shallowest of sulci in pFC, yet can offer insights that bridge spatial scales (microns to networks), modalities (functional connectivity to behavior), and species. As such, the map of tertiary sulci within each individual participant serves as a coordinate system specific to that individual on which functions may be further mapped. We conclude with new theoretical and methodological questions that, if answered in future research, will likely lead to mechanistic insight regarding the structure and function of human LPFC.

scholarly journals Toward a mechanistic understanding of Feo-mediated ferrous iron uptake

Metallomics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 887-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandrea E. Sestok ◽  
Richard O. Linkous ◽  
Aaron T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Iron Uptake ◽  
Iron Transport ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Ferrous Iron Transport ◽  
Mechanistic Understanding ◽  
And Function

The ferrous iron transport (Feo) system is the predominant mode of bacterial Fe2+import. Advancements in the structure and function of FeoB provide glimpses into the mechanism of Fe2+uptake.

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