GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC FRACTIONATION OF NATURAL STERYL ESTER MIXTURES

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kuksis
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Sterol Esters ◽  
Steryl Esters ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Methylene Unit ◽  
The Common ◽  
Acid Esters

Synthetic and naturally occurring mixtures of fatty acid esters of cholesterol and plant sterols were separated by gas chromatography under the conditions previously described for triglyceride fractionation. The separations obtained were based primarily on the molecular weight or carbon number of the material, a difference of one methylene unit either in the fatty acid or the sterol side chain being usually sufficient for a complete resolution. Under isothermal conditions, however, partial separations could also be brought about between certain esters differing only in the unsaturation of the fatty acid moiety. Using weighed mixtures of synthetic steryl esters proportionally correct quantitative recoveries were demonstrated for both cholesterol and plant sterol esters of the common fatty acids.

Separation of Fatty Acid Dimethyl Esters on an Ionic Liquid Gas Chromatographic Column

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R E Pauls ◽  
B Pease
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Isomer Separation ◽  
Metathesis Reaction ◽  
Polydimethyl Siloxane ◽  
Acid Esters

Abstract An ionic liquid (IL) 111 column was compared with other commonly employed stationary phases including polydimethyl siloxane and polyethylene glycol for the separation of fatty acid monomethyl and dimethyl esters. The fatty acid esters employed in this study were derived from metathesis reactions of vegetable oils both with and without olefins. The IL 111 column demonstrated enhanced performance compared with conventional columns for the separation of these esters. These advantages included significantly enhanced retention of dimethyl esters relative to monomethyl esters, excellent cis/trans isomer separation and the ability to analyze higher carbon number dimethyl esters. As a result, these columns are highly suited for the analysis of mixtures of mono- and dimethyl fatty acid esters found in lipid metathesis reaction products or to determine monofunctional impurities in samples of commercial dimethyl esters.

THE PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHIC FRACTIONATION OF PLANT STERYL ESTERS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kuksis ◽  
J. M. R. Beveridge
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Ester ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Aqueous Acetic Acid ◽  
Acid Moiety ◽  
Steryl Esters ◽  
Paraffin Oil ◽  
Potential Tool ◽  
Acid Esters

The even-numbered C2–C22saturated and the C18-unsaturated fatty acid esters of beta- and gamma-sitosterol, stiginasterol, ergosterol, stigmastanol, and gamma-sitostanol were used separately and in model mixtures for the evaluation of existing and the development of new paper chromatographic methods for the separation and identification of these compounds. Satisfactory separations of the esters were obtained by the ascending reversed phase chromatography on cellulose or glass fiber paper using one of the following systems depending upon the number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid moiety of the ester: C2–C12, aqueous acetic acid/chloroform/paraffin oil; C8–C18, aqueous propionic acid/paraffin oil; C8–C22, acidified aqueous methanol/chloroform/paraffin oil or aqueous butyric acid/paraffin oil. The rate of migration of the esters was inversely proportional to the molecular weight and was increased by the introduction of unsaturation.The increased movement due to unsaturation has been correlated with the number of ethylenic hydrogens, and the possibility that polarity of these atoms might account for this phenomenon is discussed. The reversed phase paper partition chromatography of sterols as their esters is suggested as a potential tool for evaluation of polarity of the various attributes of the sterol nucleus in terms of the chain length of the ester fatty acid. The rule of independent contributions of the constituents of a molecule to its distribution isotherm was observed not to hold in this fatty ester series.

THE PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHIC FRACTIONATION OF PLANT STERYL ESTERS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kuksis ◽  
J. M. R. Beveridge
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Ester ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Aqueous Acetic Acid ◽  
Acid Moiety ◽  
Steryl Esters ◽  
Paraffin Oil ◽  
Potential Tool ◽  
Acid Esters

The even-numbered C2–C22saturated and the C18-unsaturated fatty acid esters of beta- and gamma-sitosterol, stiginasterol, ergosterol, stigmastanol, and gamma-sitostanol were used separately and in model mixtures for the evaluation of existing and the development of new paper chromatographic methods for the separation and identification of these compounds. Satisfactory separations of the esters were obtained by the ascending reversed phase chromatography on cellulose or glass fiber paper using one of the following systems depending upon the number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid moiety of the ester: C2–C12, aqueous acetic acid/chloroform/paraffin oil; C8–C18, aqueous propionic acid/paraffin oil; C8–C22, acidified aqueous methanol/chloroform/paraffin oil or aqueous butyric acid/paraffin oil. The rate of migration of the esters was inversely proportional to the molecular weight and was increased by the introduction of unsaturation.The increased movement due to unsaturation has been correlated with the number of ethylenic hydrogens, and the possibility that polarity of these atoms might account for this phenomenon is discussed. The reversed phase paper partition chromatography of sterols as their esters is suggested as a potential tool for evaluation of polarity of the various attributes of the sterol nucleus in terms of the chain length of the ester fatty acid. The rule of independent contributions of the constituents of a molecule to its distribution isotherm was observed not to hold in this fatty ester series.

THE SEPARATION OF SATURATED AND UNSATURATED FATTY ACID ESTERS BY GAS–LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1297-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Craig ◽  
N. L. Murty
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Silicone Grease ◽  
Degree Of Unsaturation ◽  
Acid Esters

Fatty acid methyl esters are separated according to chain length by using washed silicone grease supported on 20–40 mesh C22 firebrick. By using a plasticizer on the firebrick support the same esters are separated according to both chain length and degree of unsaturation. Together the two procedures can be used to determine the component fatty acids in fats and oils. Nearly parallel linear relations are obtained for saturated, monoethenoid, diethenoid, and triethenoid methyl esters when the logarithm of emergence time is plotted against the carbon number of the fatty acid.

The naturally occurring C-17 fatty acid esters of estradiol are long-acting estrogens

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice M. Larner ◽  
Neil J. MacLusky ◽  
Richard B. Hochberg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Acid Esters

Cellulose fatty acid esters as sustainable film materials – effect of side chain structure on barrier and mechanical properties

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (98) ◽  
pp. 80702-80708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuomas Kulomaa ◽  
Jorma Matikainen ◽  
Pirkko Karhunen ◽  
Mikko Heikkilä ◽  
Juha Fiskari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Acid Esters

Bio-based films were prepared by acylation of cellulose with saturated, unsaturated and branched fatty acids. The products showed increased thermal stability, low water vapour transmission rates and enhanced tensile and elastic properties.

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