THE EFFECT OF THE TYPE AND AMOUNT OF DIETARY FAT ON THE LEVEL OF PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDES IN HUMAN SUBJECTS IN THE POSTABSORPTIVE STATE

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 999-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. R. Beveridge ◽  
S. N. Jagannathan ◽  
W. Ford Connell
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Formula Diets ◽  
Male Subjects

Fifty-eight healthy university students consumed homogenized formula diets for 16 days, and plasma triglycerides were determined on samples of blood obtained from the subjects in the fasting state at days 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16. On a fat-free (high-carbohydrate) diet there was a sex difference in the response, with a group of 11 males showing a highly significant increase (over twofold) and a group of 14 females showing no significant change. No change was observed in 10 male subjects transferred from their free-choice diet to a formula diet providing 45% of calories from butterfat. However, in the case of a group of 23 men who consumed a diet similarly high in corn oil, a significant decrease occurred and the values observed were also significantly lower than those obtained on the butterfat ration. The usual responses of the plasma cholesterol to these diets were observed. Although a parallelism was observed between the behavior of the plasma triglycerides and plasma cholesterol on diets containing fat, there was a divergence on the fat-free diet, characterized by an increase in plasma triglycerides in the males and no change in the females, whereas the usual decrease in plasma cholesterol occurred in both sexes.

THE NATURE OF THE SUBSTANCES IN DIETARY FAT AFFECTING THE LEVEL OF PLASMA CHOLESTEROL IN HUMANS

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. R. Beveridge ◽  
W. F. Connell ◽  
G. A. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Vacuum Distillation ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Unsaponifiable Fraction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Experimental Subjects

Three dietary experiments have been performed in which 52, 48, and 38 male students and a few members of staff participated as experimental subjects. In the first experiment 52 subjects ingested for 8 days a diet in which butter provided 60% of calories. During the next 8 days subgroups were given rations supplemented with α-tocopherol or β-sitosterol, substances known to be present in corn oil in significant amounts. The α-tocopherol had no effect but the β-sitosterol caused a highly significant decrease in plasma cholesterol.The same conditions were used for the first 8 days of the second experiment in which 48 subjects participated. The subgroups were given diets in which 30% of calories were supplied by butter and 30% by various corn oil fractions obtained by vacuum distillation. All groups showed highly significant decreases in plasma cholesterol and there did not appear to be any effective fractionation of the plasma cholesterol depressant factor in the corn oil, although the largest drop was obtained in the case of the most volatile fraction derived from the corn oil. This preparation contained most of the unsaponihable material and had a slightly lower iodine number than the other fractions.In the third experiment, 38 subjects ingested for 8 days a diet providing 60% of calories from corn oil. Subgroups were transferred to diets supplying 40% of calories from butter fractions obtained by vacuum distillation. All groups showed highly significant increases, the greatest increase being noted in the case of the most volatile fraction, which contained most of the unsaponifiable material. It has been postulated that the potent plasma cholesterol elevating action of butterfat is at least partly dependent upon the presence of the unsaponifiable fraction. The identity of this factor and whether it acts alone or in conjunction with certain types of fatty acid residues are questions that remain to be answered.

THE NATURE OF THE SUBSTANCES IN DIETARY FAT AFFECTING THE LEVEL OF PLASMA CHOLESTEROL IN HUMANS

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. R. Beveridge ◽  
W. F. Connell ◽  
G. A. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Vacuum Distillation ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Unsaponifiable Fraction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Experimental Subjects

Three dietary experiments have been performed in which 52, 48, and 38 male students and a few members of staff participated as experimental subjects. In the first experiment 52 subjects ingested for 8 days a diet in which butter provided 60% of calories. During the next 8 days subgroups were given rations supplemented with α-tocopherol or β-sitosterol, substances known to be present in corn oil in significant amounts. The α-tocopherol had no effect but the β-sitosterol caused a highly significant decrease in plasma cholesterol.The same conditions were used for the first 8 days of the second experiment in which 48 subjects participated. The subgroups were given diets in which 30% of calories were supplied by butter and 30% by various corn oil fractions obtained by vacuum distillation. All groups showed highly significant decreases in plasma cholesterol and there did not appear to be any effective fractionation of the plasma cholesterol depressant factor in the corn oil, although the largest drop was obtained in the case of the most volatile fraction derived from the corn oil. This preparation contained most of the unsaponihable material and had a slightly lower iodine number than the other fractions.In the third experiment, 38 subjects ingested for 8 days a diet providing 60% of calories from corn oil. Subgroups were transferred to diets supplying 40% of calories from butter fractions obtained by vacuum distillation. All groups showed highly significant increases, the greatest increase being noted in the case of the most volatile fraction, which contained most of the unsaponifiable material. It has been postulated that the potent plasma cholesterol elevating action of butterfat is at least partly dependent upon the presence of the unsaponifiable fraction. The identity of this factor and whether it acts alone or in conjunction with certain types of fatty acid residues are questions that remain to be answered.

THE EFFECT OF DIETARY FAT ON BILE ACID METABOLISM IN MAN

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 897-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Gordon ◽  
A. Kuksis ◽  
J. M. R. Beveridge
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Cholic Acid ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Formula Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

The influence of dietary fat on the biliary bile acid metabolism was studied in a 22-year-old male volunteer by using cholic acid-24-C14. The subject was maintained for 3 successive 15-day periods on homogenized formula diets which provided 45% of calories from butterfat or corn oil, or which were fat-free. The cholic acid turnover was assessed during the final 9 days of each period by analyzing bile samples obtained from the duodenum. On butterfat the daily cholic acid production was 0.13 g, while on corn oil and the fat-free diet it was 0.28 and 0.25 g, respectively. On changing from a free choice to a formula type diet, the glycine/taurine conjugation ratio decreased abruptly from about 2 to nearly 1, and remained at this level as long as the homogenized diet was fed. There was an increase in the proportion of cholic and a corresponding decrease in the deoxycholic acid in the bile with both high fat diets. The reverse changes in these bile acid proportions were associated with the fat-free diet. The fluctuations in the relative concentrations of the other bile acids were less pronounced.

The effect of a 72-h fast on plasma levels of pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, pancreatic and gastrointestinal hormones in healthy men and women

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Beer ◽  
P. M. M. Bircham ◽  
S. R. Bloom ◽  
P. M. Clark ◽  
C. N. Hales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Gastrointestinal Hormones ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Pancreatic Glucagon ◽  
Plasma Electrolyte ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Electrolyte Replacement

ABSTRACT Seventeen human subjects fasted without electrolyte replacement for 3 days and hormone levels were measured before, during and after the fast. Immediate consequences of the fasting state in healthy human subjects include a marked increase in plasma cortisol, ACTH, β-endorphin, β-lipotrophic hormone, adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine. Levels of all these hormones were much greater on the first morning of the fast than in the post-prandial state, even though the plasma glucose level was no lower than that observed on the morning before the fast began. A clear fall in TSH and tri-iodothyronine (T3) levels was observed, but thyroxine levels did not change significantly. Insulin levels fell whereas proinsulin levels did not fall during the fast, though they did rise markedly upon re-feeding. An increase in GH levels was particularly apparent in male subjects, but was also seen in females when evening samples were compared. Pancreatic glucagon showed a modest rise during the fast, but fell again on refeeding; total glucagon also rose as the fast proceeded, but increased markedly upon re-feeding. Levels of gastrin and peptide YY remained low during the fast. Plasma electrolyte levels were unchanged. The following were closely correlated: cortisol with ACTH, T3 with log10TSH, dopamine with noradrenaline, and (negatively, during the fast) pancreatic glucagon with glucose. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 120, 337–350

scholarly journals Acute effects of tea on fasting and non-fasting plasma total homocysteine concentrations in human subjects

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 842-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Hodgson ◽  
Ian B. Puddey ◽  
Frank M. van Bockxmeer ◽  
Valerie Burke
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Acute Increase ◽  
Total Homocysteine ◽  
Plasma Total Homocysteine

Plasma total homocysteine concentrations (tHcy) are a putative risk factor for CVD. Tea is a rich dietary source of polyphenols and caffeine, both of which may raise tHcy. However, it is possible that much of any effect is transitory and may be influenced by the consumption of food. Our objective was to investigate the acute effect of tea, at a dose representative of ordinary population intakes, on tHcy and to determine whether consumption of a meal influences the magnitude of any effect. Measurements of tHcy were performed in twenty participants at baseline and 3.5 h after drinking three cups of black tea or hot water (consumed at time 0, 1.5 and 3 h) with and without a meal: a total of four treatments administered in random order. Drinking tea resulted in an acute increase in tHcy (0·30 (95 % CI 0·04, 0·56) μmol/l, P = 0·022). The meal resulted in an acute decrease in tHcy ( − 0·42 (95 % CI − 0·68, − 0·16) μmol/l, P = 0·002). There was no interaction between tea and meal on tHcy (P = 0·40); that is, the effect of tea on tHcy was not different in the fasting and non-fasting state. Our results suggest that drinking black tea can cause a small acute increase in tHcy and that this effect is not enhanced in the non-fasting state. Given that results of population studies have generally shown a negative association between tea intake and tHcy, the significance of these findings to CVD risk remains uncertain.

ABNORMALITY OF ESTROGEN METABOLISM IN HUMAN SUBJECTS WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1277-1288
Author(s):  
William S. Bauld ◽  
Morris L. Givner ◽  
Ian G. Milne
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Estrogen Metabolism ◽  
Previous Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Daily Excretion ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

Estrogen metabolism has been investigated in male subjects with and without previous myocardial infarction. The urinary excretion of estriol, estrone, and estradiol-17β has been measured 1 day before and 4 days after intramuscular injection of estradiol-17β. The excretion of the individual estrogens resulting from the administration of estradiol was determined by subtracting preinjection values from the daily excretion following injection. The resultant values of estriol (T), estrone (O), and estradiol-l7β (D) were expressed as the following ratios:[Formula: see text]These urinary estrogen ratios were found to be significantly higher in subjects with previous myocardial infarction than in control subjects. The ratios in the infarction group were not influenced by bed rest nor by the duration of time following infarction which varied from 1 week to 2 years.

The effect of dietary fat on diet selection may involve central serotonin

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. R559-R563 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Mullen ◽  
R. J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Serotonin System ◽  
Selection Behavior ◽  
Brain Tissues

Rats consuming a diet of 34% tallow select more protein and less carbohydrate than rats fed either 5% corn oil or tallow or 34% corn oil (25). To examine potential mechanism(s) of this phenomenon, we fed rats diets containing either tallow or corn oil at levels of 5 or 34% for 2 days. Sera were analyzed, and rats fed 34% tallow had higher serum insulin compared with those fed 34% corn oil. In a second experiment, rats were fed either 34% corn oil or tallow for 2 days. Brain tissues were analyzed, and rats fed 34% tallow had elevated serotonin in the raphe area compared with those fed 34% corn oil. In a third experiment, rats were fed either 34% corn oil or tallow for 2 days and then given dl-fenfluramine before diet selection. Fenfluramine depressed food intake to a greater degree in rats fed 34% tallow compared with those fed corn oil. These findings suggest that the diet selection behavior observed in tallow-fed rats may be mediated by a central serotonin system.

scholarly journals ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE TO PRE-PRANDIAL AND POSTPRANDIAL EXERCISE IN ACTIVE MEN

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 380-384
Author(s):  
Márcio Rabelo Mota ◽  
Sandro Nobre Chaves ◽  
Maurílio Tiradentes Dutra ◽  
Ricardo Jacó de Oliveira ◽  
Renata Aparecida Elias Dantas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Rate Pressure Product ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Factorial Anova ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cardiovascular Variables ◽  
Male Subjects

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pre-prandial exercise promotes greater mobilization of fat metabolism due to the increased release of catecholamines, cortisol, and glucagon. However, this response affects how the cardiovascular system responds to exercise. Objective: To evaluate the response of systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure, heart rate (HR) and rate-pressure product (RPP) to pre- and postprandial exercise. Methods: Ten physically active male subjects (25.50 ± 2.22 years) underwent two treadmill protocols (pre- and postprandial) performed for 36 minutes at 65% of VO2max on different days. On both days, subjects attended the laboratory on a 10-hour fasting state. For the postprandial session, volunteers ingested a pre-exercise meal of 349.17 kcal containing 59.3 g of carbohydrates (76.73%), 9.97 g of protein (12.90%), and 8.01 g of lipids (10.37%). Blood pressure, HR and RPP were measured before and after exercise. The 2x2 factorial Anova with the multiple comparisons test of Bonferroni was applied to analyze cardiovascular variables in both moments (pre- vs. postprandial). The significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: Systolic (121.70 ± 7.80 vs. 139.78 ± 12.91 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (66.40 ± 9.81 vs. 80.22 ± 8.68 mmHg) increased significantly after exercise only in the postprandial session (p<0.05). HR increased significantly (p<0.05) after both protocols (64.20 ± 15.87 vs. 141.20 ± 10.33 bpm pre-prandial and 63.60 ± 8.82 vs. 139.20 ± 10.82 bpm postprandial). RPP had a similar result (8052.10 ± 1790.68 vs. 18382.60 ± 2341.66 mmHg.bpm in the pre-prandial session and 7772.60 ± 1413.76 vs. 19564.60 ± 3128.99 mmHg.bpm in the postprandial session). Conclusion: These data suggest that fasted exercise does not significantly alter the blood pressure. Furthermore, the meal provided before the postprandial exercise may promote a greater blood pressure responsiveness during exercise.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document