scholarly journals GLUCOSE OXIDATION BY LIVER SLICES FROM THE DOMESTIC FOWL: ACTIVITY OF THE PHOSPHOGLUCONATE-OXIDATIVE PATHWAY

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 979-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Duncan ◽  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Chicken Liver ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Oxidative Pathway ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Subordinate Role

The value of the quotient, 14CO2 liberated from glucose-1-14C over 14CO2 liberated from glucose-6-14C, for chicken liver slices has been determined. It did not deviate appreciably from unity for slices from (a) immature and sexually mature females, (b) a group of females at intervals during their transition from sexual immaturity to sexual maturity, (c) immature males, and (d) immature females treated by injection with estradiol monobenzoate. Incubation of the liver slices under anaerobic conditions reduced CO2 liberation to very low values and approximately doubled the quotient. Incubation in the presence of arsenite reduced oxidation but increased the quotient about fourfold. Incubation under anaerobic and aerobic conditions, with addition of pyruvate, increased the quotient value.It is concluded that the phosphogluconate-oxidative pathway, if active at all in chicken liver, plays a subordinate role in carbohydrate metabolism in this tissue compared with its role in carbohydrate metabolism in rat liver.

The utilization of glucose by tissue slices of liver and other organs of the domestic fowl

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1321-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Rat Heart ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose

The utilizations of glucose-1-14C, glucose-6-14C, and glucose-U-14C by liver slices from the immature and the laying domestic fowl have been evaluated. The relative degrees of incorporation of C-1 and C-6 into CO2, total lipid, fatty acids, and glyceride-glycerol resulted in C-1/C-6 quotients that approximated unity for both groups of fowl. The amounts of incorporation of the two specifically labelled carbon atoms into glycogen were significantly different for liver from the immature bird, but not for that from the laying fowl. These results indicate that the commencement of egg production is not accompanied by activation of the phosphogluconate oxidative pathway.When compared on a DNA basis, the amounts of isotope from glucose-U-14C incorporated into CO2, total lipid, fatty acids, glyceride-glycerol, and glycogen by liver slices from the immature fowl were almost equal to the degrees of incorporation observed following incubation of liver obtained from laying birds. The results with glucose-U-14C suggest that little or no modification of carbohydrate metabolism occurred when sexual maturity was reached.Yields of 14CO2 from the oxidation of glucose-1-14C and glucose-6-14C by various fowl tissues other than the liver are also reported. The observed C-1/C-6 ratios were in general lower than values reported in the literature for corresponding mammalian tissues, except that the quotients for fowl heart and ovary were higher than those reported for rat heart and ovary.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN RAT LIVER SLICES

1958 ◽  
Vol 230 (2) ◽  
pp. 761-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Spiro ◽  
James Ashmore ◽  
A. Baird Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Slices

Effect of Thioctic Acid on Glucose Oxidation by Liver Slices

Nature ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 176 (4486) ◽  
pp. 788-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. BORNSTEIN ◽  
BERYL D. HARTMAN
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Thioctic Acid ◽  
Liver Slices

Exteroceptive Factors, Sexual Maturation and Reproduction in the Female Rat

1979 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Norris ◽  
C. E. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Sexually Mature

Summary Keeping a sexually mature male with a weanling female rat advanced neither the time of vaginal opening nor that of 1st oestrus. In 2 of 3 experiments females kept singly after weaning reached sexual maturity significantly earlier than did grouped females. The reproductive performance of females mated at 1st oestrus was not significantly different from that of older primiparae. 26 rats gave birth to an average of 9·3 young at 59·5 days of age, and 22 of them reared 96% of the young to weaning.

Variation III: Social Environment and Epigenetics

Mate Choice ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gil G. Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Mating Preferences ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Sexually Mature

This chapter focuses on social interactions, in the broadest sense, as sources of variation in mate choice and mating preferences. These interactions can be divided into three categories corresponding to when they are specified and which individuals are involved. The first includes effects that are determined before birth and transmitted vertically from parents: epigenetic modifications to the genome and the fetal or embryonic environment. The second includes influences between birth and sexual maturity, when the phenotypes of parents and/or other sexually mature, older individuals (oblique transmission) direct the development of preferences in choosers. Experience with courters and choosers after sexual maturity, or experience with other juveniles that shapes subsequent preferences, constitutes peer (horizontal) transmission.

THE FORMATION OF GLYCEROPHOSPHATIDES FROM C14-LABELLED PRECURSORS IN RAT BRAIN SLICES

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1211-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Rat Brain And Liver ◽  
The Individual

The relative incorporation of a number of C14-labelled precursors into the phosphatides of surviving rat brain and liver slices was examined. In addition, the distribution of radioactivity within the individual phosphoglycerides was determined for each precursor. Acetate was the only precursor that contributed considerable radioactivity to the fatty acid portion of the phosphatide molecule. The other precursors donated their radioactivity to the non-fatty acid portion of the glycerophosphatide molecule, both in brain and liver tissue. In brain it was found that ethanolamine was the most effective precursor, followed by serine, choline, glycerol, acetate, and glycine. In liver the order was acetate, glycerol, serine, choline, and glycine. Aerobic conditions and an adequate carbohydrate metabolism were essential for optimum incorporation of the precursors into the phosphatides of brain slices.

THE FORMATION OF GLYCEROPHOSPHATIDES FROM C14-LABELLED PRECURSORS IN RAT BRAIN SLICES

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1211-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Rat Brain And Liver ◽  
The Individual

The relative incorporation of a number of C14-labelled precursors into the phosphatides of surviving rat brain and liver slices was examined. In addition, the distribution of radioactivity within the individual phosphoglycerides was determined for each precursor. Acetate was the only precursor that contributed considerable radioactivity to the fatty acid portion of the phosphatide molecule. The other precursors donated their radioactivity to the non-fatty acid portion of the glycerophosphatide molecule, both in brain and liver tissue. In brain it was found that ethanolamine was the most effective precursor, followed by serine, choline, glycerol, acetate, and glycine. In liver the order was acetate, glycerol, serine, choline, and glycine. Aerobic conditions and an adequate carbohydrate metabolism were essential for optimum incorporation of the precursors into the phosphatides of brain slices.

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