THE TRANSPORT OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS FROM THE YOLK TO THE YOLK-SAC MEMBRANE DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHICK EMBRYO

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1125-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Noble ◽  
J. H. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Phosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Lysophosphatidyl Choline

A study was made of the concentrations and fatty acid compositions of the various phospholipid fractions in the yolks and yolk-sac membranes at different stages in the development of the chick embryo. Phosphatidyl choline was the major component of both the yolk and membrane phospholipids. The composition of the yolk phospholipids was broadly similar to that of the membrane phospholipids. In both the yolk and membrane phospholipids, the proportions of phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine tended to decrease, whereas the proportions of phosphatidyl serine, sphingomyelin, and lysophosphatidyl choline tended to increase as incubation proceeded. The fatty acid composition of the yolk phosphatidyl choline did not change during incubation, but there was a progressive decrease in the palmitic acid: stearic acid ratio in the membrane phosphatidyl choline. The changes in the fatty acid composition of the yolk phosphatidyl ethanolamine indicated that there was a preferential absorption from the yolk of phosphatidyl ethanolamine with stearic acid in the α position and arachidonic or docosahexaenoic acids in the β position. The lysophosphatidyl choline in the yolk and membrane evidently consisted of mixtures of the 1-acyl and 2-acyl isomers. There was no evidence that extensive breakdown and resynthesis of phospholipids occurred during the transport of lipids from the yolk to the yolk-sac membrane.

Depot fatty acids of Aberdeen Angus and Friesian cattle reared on hay and barley diets

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. F. Leat
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Friesian Cattle

SummaryAberdeen Angus and Friesian cattle were reared from 4 months of age to slaughter weight at 18–24 months on either high-barley or high-hay diets. Samples of subcutaneous fat were taken by biopsy at 3 monthly intervals, and the degree of fatness of each animal was estimated ultrasonically prior to slaughter, and by visual inspection of the carcasses.The barley-fed animals gained weight more rapidly, and fattened more quickly than the hay-fed animals with the Angus being fatter than the Friesian at the same age. The percentage stearic acid (C18:0) in subcutaneous fat decreased with age and was replaced by octadecenoic acid (C18:l) and hexadecenoic acid (C16:l), these changes being more rapid in barley-fed than in hay-fed animals. At the same degree of fatness the depot fats of the Friesians were more unsaturated than those of the Angus, and in both breeds the fatter the animal the more unsaturated was its depot fat.In the hay-fed cattle the percentage C16:0 in subcutaneous fat increased during the last half of the experiment and at slaughter the percentage C16:0 was significantly higher, and C18:l significantly lower, in all depot fats compared with those of the barley-fed animals.It is concluded that the fatty acid composition of bovine depot fats is modulated by the degree of fattening, and can be affected by diet.

Effect of increasing stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase mRNA concentrations using forage and concentrate diets on the fatty acid composition of ovine adipose tissue

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 206-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.C.T.R. Daniel ◽  
R.J. Wynn ◽  
A.M. Salter ◽  
P.J. Buttery
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mrna Levels

Compared to meat from other animals lamb contains high levels of saturated fat, particularly stearic acid which comprises 18% of the total fatty acids (Enser et al, 1996). This stearic acid can be desaturated in the tissue by stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) to produce oleic acid. In sheep SCD is produced from a single gene and the levels of SCD mRNA in the tissue correlate well with oleic acid (Ward et al, 1998, Barber et al, 2000) suggesting that an upregulation of SCD activity may increase the relative proportions of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids and so significantly improve the nutritional quality of sheep meat. Our recent studies have shown that insulin increases SCD mRNA levels and monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis in cultured ovine adipose tissue explants (Daniel et al, 2001). The present study was designed to investigate whether feeding a diet believed to manipulate SCD mRNA concentrations would significantly alter the fatty acid composition of lamb.

Regulation Of The Fatty Acid Composition Of Platelet Phospholipids

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
M L McKean ◽  
J B Smith ◽  
M J Silver
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
De Novo Biosynthesis ◽  
Coa Transferase

The fatty acid composition of cell membrane phospholipids does not remain constant after de novo biosynthesis, but undergoes continual remodelling. One of the major routes for remodelling probably includes the deacylation-reacylation steps of the Lands Pathway. This has been shown to be important for the incorporation of long chain, polyunsaturated fatty acids into phospholipids by liver and brain. An understanding of the mechanisms involved in these processes in platelets is especially important in light of the large stores of arachidonic acid (AA) in platelet phospholipids and the role of AA in hemostasis and thrombosis. Previous results from this laboratory have shown that the turnover of radioactive AA, 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic and 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acids in the phospholipids of resting platelets is more rapid than the turnover of radioactive C16 and C18 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. However, little is known about how fatty acids, especially AA and its homologues, are incorporated into platelet phospholipids during de novo biosynthesis or how they are exchanged during remodelling.At least three enzymes are involved in the deacylation- reacylation of phospholipids: phospholipase A2; acyl CoA synthetase; and acyl CoA transferase. We have studied acyl CoA transferase and have found considerable activity in human platelet membranes. Experiments are in progress to determine the substrate specificity and other properties of this enzyme.

scholarly journals Effect of diet and rumen development on the composition of adipose tissue triglycerides of the calf

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Garton ◽  
W. R. H. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Development

1. Samples of subcutaneous (inguinal) and perinephric adipose tissue were obtained, at slaughter, from each of twenty male calves. Three were neonatal animals, three were 3 days old and two were fed on reconstituted milk to appetite until they weighed 100 kg. The other twelve calves were given milk until they reached 50 kg live weight; concentrates were then included in the diet until, at 60 kg live weight, six calves were slaughtered. The remaining six calves were raised to 100 kg on concentrates alone. The weight of the empty reticulo-rumen of each slaughtered calf was recorded.2. The component fatty acids of the adipose tissue triglycerides of the neonatal and 3-day-old calves were very similar; about 80% consisted of oleic acid (18:1) and palmitic acid (16:0) and the remainder comprised stearic acid (18:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1) and myristic acid (14:0), together with very small amounts of other acids which, in the glycerides of the 3-day-old calves, included some evidently of colostral origin. The perinephric glycerides of both these groups of calves were somewhat more unsaturated than were those of subcutaneous adipose tissue.3. The continued consumption of milk by the calves slaughtered at 60 kg live weight was reflected in the presence of enhanced proportions of 14:0, 18:2, 17:0 and 17:1 in the depot triglycerides and, in addition, very small amounts of branched-chain acids and trans 18:1 were detected. A similar fatty acid pattern was observed in the triglycerides of the calves which were given milk only until they were 100 kg live weight. In all these calves only limited growth of the rumen took place.4. By contrast, the calves which were raised on solid feed from 60 kg to 100 kg and in which rumen development had taken place had depot triglycerides whose fatty acid composition resembled that found in adult animals. Increased proportions of stearic acid accompanied by relatively large amounts of trans 18:1 were present, evidently as a result of the assimilation of the products of bacterial modification of dietary fatty acids in the rumen.5. Regardless of the age of the calves and the over-all fatty acid composition of their tissue triglycerides, the intramolecular disposition of the fatty acids was similar in that saturated components were present esterified mainly in positions 1 and 3, and unsaturated acids for the most part in position 2; the only major exception to this distribution pattern was in respect of trans 18:1 which, when present, was preferentially esterified to the primary alcoholic groups of the glycerol moiety as if it were a saturated acid.

EFFECT OF FORCED RESTRAINT ON HEART PHOSPHOLIPIDS

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Prioreschi ◽  
E. Peterman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Resting Period

The cardiac level of phospholipids and their fatty acid composition were measured in the rat after different periods of forced restraint and different periods of rest. After 4 minutes of forced immobilization the level of heart cardiolipin decreased by about 75%. When the animal was immobilized for 24 hours the concentration of cardiolipin in the heart returned to normal after less than 96 hours of rest. The concentration of sphingomyelin was also decreased by forced restraint whereas phosphatidyl ethanolamine decreased only in the resting period after immobilization. The significance of these findings in the pathogenesis of experimental cardiac necroses is discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document