Prolylhydroxyproline Absorption in Hamsters

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 782-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Hueckel ◽  
Q. R. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Intestinal Transport ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Relative Resistance ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Small Intestines ◽  
Mucosal Side ◽  
Active Reabsorption

The intestinal transport of the dipeptide prolylhydroxyproline was investigated using hamsters and segments of hamster small intestines. The feeding of prolylhydroxyproline to hamsters resulted in the urinary excretion of 2% of the ingested dipeptide after 3 h or 7% after 24 h. In vitro perfusions of prolylhydroxyproline through the hamster small intestine resulted in the movement of the dipeptide across the intestinal wall. The rate of absorption was proportional to the concentration of prolylhydroxyproline on the mucosal side (0.17 μmol Pro∙Hyp/mM in lumen/g tissue/h). Anoxia, 2,4-dinitrophenol, cyanide, or an excess of proline or hydroxyproline did not change this absorption rate. These results suggest that prolylhydroxyproline is absorbed by "simple passive diffusion", that it reaches the site of intestinal absorption because of its relative resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis, and that it is excreted by glomerular filtration without subsequent active reabsorption.

Effects of metabolic disturbances on potential difference across intestinal wall of rat

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Sawada ◽  
Tomoaki Asano
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Potential Difference ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Serosal Side ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Mucosal Side

The potential difference across the wall of the small intestine was determined in vitro under a variety of conditions using rats. When the normal Ringer's containing 200 mg/100 ml glucose was applied on both sides of the wall, the potential difference attained 5–9 mv, the serosal side being positive. The potential difference was temperature dependent, becoming reduced at low temperature, the temperature coefficient being 1.7 between 40 and 34 C. The potential difference was inhibited with 0.1 mm monoiodoacetic acid, 1 mm sodium azide, 0.1 mm dinitrophenol, and 50 µm ouabain applied on the mucosal side. Withdrawal and restitution of 200 mg/100 ml glucose on the mucosal side induced a rapid decline and recovery of the potential difference. The lowered potential difference was partially recovered by 200 mg/100 ml galactose but not by sorbitol.

Active transport of C14-d-glucose by turtle small intestine

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sister Alice Marie Fox
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Intestinal Transport ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Chrysemys Picta ◽  
Tissue Analysis ◽  
Serosal Side ◽  
Concentration Difference ◽  
Apparent Concentration

An in vitro preparation was used to demonstrate that C14-d-glucose is taken up at the mucosal surface of turtle small intestine at 30 C. Movement of the sugar across the intestinal tissues and its release into the serosal fluid against an apparent concentration difference was shown. The source of the sugar entering the medium on the serosal side appeared to be, in part, the glucose taken up from the mucosal fluid, and, in part, some stored carbohydrate. Tissue analysis indicated the presence of a glycogenlike polysaccharide in the intestinal wall of both active and cold-torpid turtles. It was concluded that, during intestinal transport in Chrysemys picta, some of the glucose absorbed is converted to endogenous carbohydrate, or metabolized, and some is translocated.

Specificity of sugar transport by the intestine of the hamster

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hastings Wilson ◽  
Bernard R. Landau
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Concentration Gradient ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Sugar Derivatives

The specificity of the sugar transport system of the hamster small intestine was tested with 20 sugars and sugar derivatives not previously tested in this system. The absorption of sugars across the intestinal wall against a concentration gradient was tested with the everted sac technique in vitro. 3-Deoxyglucose, 4-0-methylgalactose, 6-deoxy-6-fluoroglucose and α-methylglucoside were transported while a variety of other sugars were not. From the data derived from the study of a total of 49 sugars tested in this system, certain generalizations are made as to the structural limitations of the sugar-absorbing capacity of the hamster intestine.

Factors controlling B12 uptake by intestinal sacs in vitro

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliott W. Strauss ◽  
T. Hastings Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Intrinsic Factor ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Intestinal Uptake

Sacs of everted small intestine were incubated in bicarbonate-saline containing radioactive vitamin B12 with or without a source of gastric intrinsic factor (IF). In both the hamster and guinea pig the lowest ileum was most active in B12 uptake in the presence of intrinsic factor, the upper jejunum showing little or no uptake. Low temperature and anaerobic conditions completely abolished the stimulatory effect of IF on B12 uptake. Intrinsic factor did not bind to the intestinal wall in the absence of B12 (even in the presence of calcium ion) as the IF activity could be completely removed by gentle washing of the tissue. The vitamin and intrinsic factor must be present together to cause intestinal uptake of B12.

Fluid Movement Across the Wall of the Small Intestine in Vitro

1956 ◽  
Vol 187 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hastings Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Bicarbonate Secretion ◽  
Serosal Side ◽  
Fluid Movement ◽  
Mucosal Side

Small sacs of everted jejunum of the hamster were incubated in sugar free bicarbonate-saline solution in vitro. Both fluid and sodium chloride moved across the wall of the intestine from mucosal to serosal side. This movement of isotonic saline solution across the intestine was inhibited anaerobically. A small bicarbonate secretion was noted in the direction of serosal to mucosal side.

scholarly journals The Effect of Potassium on the Intestinal Transport of Glucose

1966 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Z. Csáky ◽  
P. M. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Intestinal Transport ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
High K ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Specific Sugar

The rate of absorption of glucose, galactose, and 3-0-methylglucose was studied in the rat's small intestine perfused in situ with isosmotic solutions containing these sugars and Na2SO4 or K2SO4. The presence of high [K+] in the lumen enhances absorption of glucose but not that of galactose or of 3-0-methylglucose. The potassium stimulation is apparent at higher glucose concentrations where primarily carrier-mediated diffusion is involved in the translocation. In this case potassium stimulates transport even if it is the only cation in the lumen. The potassium-stimulated intestine produces more glycogen with higher specific activity than the control gut. Lactic acid production by the intestine is markedly enhanced if the intestinal lumen is perfused with a solution containing glucose and high [K+]. It is concluded that potassium does not affect permeability or the specific sugar transport system of the gut, but enhances intracellular metabolic disappearance of glucose thereby creating a larger luminal intracellular concentration gradient which in turn enhances the rate of carrier-facilitated entry.

Intestinal transport of phosphate: action of vitamin D, calcium, and potassium

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (6) ◽  
pp. 1007-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold E. Harrison ◽  
Helen C. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Intestinal Transport ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Concentration Difference ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces

Everted loops of rat small intestine incubated in vitro produce a concentration difference of inorganic phosphate between the solutions bathing the serosal and mucosal surfaces as the result of transport out of the mucosal solution against a concentration difference. Cyanide or anaerobiosis inhibits this process. The concentrative transport of phosphate requires the presence of calcium and is enhanced by increase of potassium concentration in the medium. Loops from vitamin D-treated rats develop higher concentration ratios of phosphate between serosal and mucosal solutions than loops from vitamin D-deficient animals when the concentrations of calcium and potassium in the medium are the same. Complete removal of calcium from the system by EDTA inhibits transfer of phosphate against a concentration difference and eliminates the vitamin D effect. The findings suggest that the concentrative transport of phosphate across the intestinal wall is activated by calcium and potassium and that potassium can not satisfy the requirement for calcium. The effect of vitamin D can be to increase the availability of calcium to the system through an action on the permeability of cell surfaces to calcium.

scholarly journals Metabolism of ε-(γ-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine in the rat

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Raczyński ◽  
M. Snochowski ◽  
S. Buraczewski
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Vitro Experiment ◽  
Comparative Tests ◽  
In Vitro Experiment ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Everted Sacs

1. A study was made of the metabolism of ɛ-(γ-L-glutamyl)-L[4, 5-3H]lysine (GL) in the rat.2. The compound was largely absorbed from the intestine and metabolized. Labelled lysine was incorporated into blood proteins.3. In an in vitro experiment with everted sacs of rat small intestine, GL passed through the intestinal wall unchanged.4. The results of comparative tests using homogenates of different body tissues indicated that the kidneys were particularly active in hydrolysing GL. Their activity was nine times greater than that of the liver and eighteen times greater than that of the small intestine.

scholarly journals Part of quercetin absorbed in the small intestine is conjugated and further secreted in the intestinal lumen

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (1) ◽  
pp. G120-G126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Crespy ◽  
Christine Morand ◽  
Claudine Manach ◽  
Catherine Besson ◽  
Christian Demigne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Biliary Duct ◽  
In Situ Perfusion ◽  
Perfusion Period ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Rutin and quercetin absorption and metabolism were investigated in rats after in situ perfusion of jejunum plus ileum (15 nmol/min). In contrast to rutin, a high proportion of quercetin (two-thirds) disappeared during perfusion, reflecting extensive transfer into the intestinal wall. Net quercetin absorption was not complete (2.1 nmol/min), inasmuch as 52% were reexcreted in the lumen as conjugated derivatives (7.7 nmol/min). Enterohepatic recycling contribution of flavonoids was excluded by catheterization of the biliary duct before perfusion. After a 30-min perfusion period, 0.71 μM of quercetin equivalents were detected in plasma, reflecting a significant absorption from the small intestine. The differential hydrolysis of effluent samples by glucuronidase and/or sulfatase indicates that the conjugated forms released in the lumen were 1) glucuronidated derivatives of quercetin and of its methoxylated forms (64%) and 2) sulfated form of quercetin (36%). In vitro quercetin glucuronides synthetized using jejunal and ileal microsomal fractions were similar to those recovered in the effluent of perfusion. These data suggest that glucuronidation and sulfatation take place in intestinal cells, whereas no glucurono-sulfoconjugates could be detected in the effluent. The present work shows that a rapid quercetin absorption in the small intestine is very effective together with its active conjugation in intestinal cells.

scholarly journals Measurement and kinetic study of the formation of adrenaline sulphate in vitro

1978 ◽  
Vol 174 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
K P Wong
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Inorganic Sulphate ◽  
Measurable Activity ◽  
Small Intestines ◽  
High Speed Supernatant

The sulpho-conjugation of [14C]adrenaline form inorganic sulphate and ATP or preformed adenosine 3′-phosphate 5′-sulphatophosphate was demonstrated in the high-speed supernatant prepared from the liver and small intestine of various animals. Hydrolysis with sulphatase indicated the sulphate nature of the conjugate. The overall sulphation reaction has a pH optimum of 9.0. Maximal activity was obtained with a ratio of ATP/Mg2+ of 1 at 4–6mM. Above their optimal concentrations, ATP and Mg2+, separately or in combination, were inhibitory. Dithiothreitol at 3 mM stimulated the reaction by about 30%. The Km for adrenaline, determined by the sulphotransferase reaction and by the three-step (sulphate-activating and sulphotransferase) reactions was 125 micrometer. The rate of synthesis of [14C]-adrenaline sulphate, expressed in pmol/min per mg of protein for the livers of dog, monkey, rat, guinea pig and rabbit were, respectively, 144, 77, 47, 11 and 6. The corresponding values for the small intestines of dog and monkey were 60 and 62. Brain and heart tissues showed no measurable activity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document