Goblet Cell Mucin of Rat Small Intestine. Chemical and Physical Characterization

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 1154-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet F. Forstner ◽  
Inderjit Jabbal ◽  
Gordon G. Forstner
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Axial Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Subunit Structure ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Goblet cell mucin (GCM) of rat small intestine has been isolated previously, and its location established by immunofluorescence techniques. In the present study, GCM was characterized more fully by chemical and physical methods. It was found to be a flexible negatively charged macromolecule with a molecular weight of about 2.0 × 106, an intrinsic viscosity of 15.3 dl/g, and an axial ratio of about 225:1. Its composition was protein 12%, total hexose 23%, hexosamine 22.4%, sialic acid 10%, fucose 6.6%, and sulfate < 1% of the dry weight. It contained approximately 34 disulfide bonds per molecule. Like most mucin glycoproteins it was rich in serine, threonine, and proline (45.5 mol %) and poor in hydrophobic and sulfur containing amino acids. One major and two minor components were identified by acrylamide disc gel electrophoresis and analytic ultracentrifugation. The components appeared to represent different molecular weight species of GCM. No evidence of subunit structure could be obtained using a variety of techniques, including the disruption of ionic, hydrophobic, and disulfide bonds by detergents, denaturants, or reducing agents.

The Influence of Pregnancy and Lactation on the Morphology and Absorptive Capacity of the Rat Small Intestine

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Craft
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
In Pregnancy

1. A study of the length, total weight and weight per cm of the small intestine of virgin, pregnant and lactating rats has provided evidence for an increase in intestinal surface area in pregnancy and lactation. 2. Because of such alterations in morphology of the gut the absorption,in vivo, of the substrates studied, glucose and glycine, has been expressed in terms of amount transferred per loop and also per g dry weight of intestine. 3. Using these parameters the results show that pregnancy does not alter the ability of the upper jejunum to absorb glucose and glycine. In lactation there is a significant decrease in the transfer of these substances when expressed per g dry weight of intestine, but not in absolute terms.

A new low-molecular-weight calcium-binding ligand in rat small intestine

Life Sciences ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 33 (24) ◽  
pp. 2399-2408 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Song ◽  
M.A. Song ◽  
D.B.N. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Rat Small Intestine

Occurrence of heparin and multisulfated chondroitins in the rat gastrointestinal tract and effect of fat feeding

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis B. Jaques ◽  
Sandra Wice
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Bacterial Enzymes ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Glucose Feeding ◽  
Fat Feeding

Rats were fed glucose solution for 3 days and killed without fasting. Examination of the crude polysaccharides extracted from the gastrointestinal tract by electrophoresis on the micro scale and using critical electrolyte concentration and bacterial enzymes showed three types of sulfated mucopolysaccharides were present. These were identified as heparitins, multisulfated chondroitins, and heparins. The heparin resembled a macromolecular heparin of moderate molecular weight. Following oil feeding, only the heparitins and muitisulfated chondroitins were present in the small intestine, and no heparin was found. With fasting for 12 h after glucose feeding, the amount of the heparin fraction in the small intestine was reduced. The results obtained demonstrate the presence of a heparin in the rat small intestine which is responsive to changes in diet.

scholarly journals Localization of the Retinol-dependent Fucose-Glycopeptide in the Goblet Cell of the Rat Small Intestine

1971 ◽  
Vol 246 (18) ◽  
pp. 5762-5765
Author(s):  
Luigi De Luca ◽  
Marlis Schumacher ◽  
David P. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Rat Small Intestine

Changes in Absorptive and Peptide Hydrolase Activities in Rat Small Intestine after Administration of 5-Fluorouracil

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. G. Gardner ◽  
R. R. Samson ◽  
R. C. Heading
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Side Effects ◽  
Positive Correlations

1. Glucose absorption, water absorption and dipeptide hydrolase activities have been determined in isolated rat small intestine at 1, 3, 5 and 21 days after a single intraperitoneal injection of 5-fluorouracil. 2. Absorption rates and enzyme activities were elevated 1 day after treatment, but were reduced to 40% of control values at 3 and 5 days. Changes were seen regardless of whether absorption was expressed per unit length or per unit dry weight of intestine. 3. There were highly significant positive correlations between glucose or water absorption rates and peptidase activities, especially in proximal jejunum. The most significant correlation was observed between water absorption rate and jejunal l-Leu-Gly hydrolase activity. 4. Malabsorption may account for some of the gastrointestinal side effects associated with treatment with 5-fluorouracil. Enzyme measurements may be useful as an index of intestinal function.

Biophysical Studies on Platelet Cofactor I Preparations

1960 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 336-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Shulman ◽  
Ricardo H. Landaburu ◽  
Walter H. Seegers
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Diffusion Constant ◽  
Axial Ratio ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Main Constituent ◽  
Biophysical Studies

SummaryPreparations of bovine platelet cofactor I have been examined according to biophysical methods. In the ultracentrifuge the patterns reveal a major component comprising 86% of the total and two faster moving minor components. The sedimentation constants are 6.65, 10.0, and 21.2 Svedberg units. The diffusion constant is 3.30 × 10−7 cm2 sec−1. Associating this value with the main constituent, the molecular weight is found to be 196,000. A molecular axial ratio of 12 is also obtained from these data. An axial ratio of 8 is indicated from viscosity data. The extinction coefficient at 2800 Å is 14.8.

Intestinal Goblet Cell Mucus: Isolation and Identification by Immunofluorescence of a Goblet Cell Glycoprotein

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-601
Author(s):  
J. FORSTNER ◽  
N. TAICHMAN ◽  
V. KALNINS ◽  
G. FORSTNER
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Goblet Cell ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Intestinal Cell ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cell Mucus

A high-molecular-weight glycoprotein (HMG), representing the majority of the soluble glycoprotein hexosamine and hexose in the intestine, was isolated by Sepharose 4B chromatography from high-speed supernatants of rat small intestinal homogenate. Fluorescein-labelled globulin, from rabbit antiserum produced against HMG, specifically stained supra-nuclear mucus vesicles of goblet cells in small intestine and colon as well as gastric pit cells in the body of the stomach and mucus-producing cells in the sublingual salivary gland. A single precipitin line was found when HMG was tested against its antibody by agar immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. No cross-reactivity was observed between antibody and rat serum or extracts from microvillus membrane, human colon and pig intestine. Precipitin lines which fused with the HMG precipitin arc in apparent identity were observed with antigens in intestinal lumen washings, and in small-molecular-weight fractions from intestinal cell sap. When studied by cellulose acetate electrophoresis, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide precipitation and precursor labelling with [I-14C]glucosamine, HMG behaved as a single homogeneous glycoprotein free of detectable protein contamination. These results imply that HMG is a major component of goblet-cell mucus in the small intestine, and suggest that it is similar to mucin produced throughout the gastrointestinal tract. HMG is the first glycoprotein, isolated without the aid of proteolytic agents, which has been specifically identified as a product of the goblet cell.

Effects of ‘Elemental’ Diets on Absorptive and Enzymic Activities and on 5-Fluorouracil Toxicity in Rat Small Intestine

1979 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. G. Gardner ◽  
R. C. Heading
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Elemental Diets ◽  
Dipeptidase Activities ◽  
Fluorouracil Toxicity

1. Water absorption and cytoplasmic dipeptidase activities were determined in isolated rat small intestine after animals had fed on various ‘elemental’ diets or a standard rat diet and after a single injection of 5-fluorouracil. 2. Vivonex diets were associated with a decrease in dry weight of the small intestine and an increase in glucose and water absorption in vitro. 3. The nature of the dietary nitrogen profoundly affects the activities of intestinal peptidases. 4. Water absorption was severely depressed 3 days after 5-fluorouracil administration: the extent of depression was independent of the diet. Thus, any ameliorative effects of ‘elemental’ diets on 5-fluorouracil toxicity are unlikely to be mediated by direct protection of intestinal absorption.

Marked increase of guanylin secretion in response to salt loading in the rat small intestine

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (5) ◽  
pp. G960-G966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiro Kita ◽  
Kazuo Kitamura ◽  
Junichiro Sakata ◽  
Tanenao Eto
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Chloride Secretion ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Guanylate Cyclase C ◽  
Water Secretion

Guanylin and uroguanylin are intestinal peptides that stimulate guanylate cyclase C and cause chloride secretion. These peptides show topological instability due to two disulfide bonds. The disulfide bonds were reduced and S-carboxymethylated to cleave the bonds and obtain stable and sole derivatives. We established a new and reliable RIA system for the stable derivatives from both peptides. With the use of this system, the response of the peptides to salt loading of the rat small intestine was evaluated. The lumen of the small intestines of Sprague-Dawley rats was perfused in vivo with Krebs-Ringer solution containing different concentrations of salt or mannitol. Mature guanylin, proguanylin, and mature uroguanylin were found in the perfusate in the basal state. The highest salt loading (200 mM NaCl for 20 min) increased the guanylin secretion about threefold (1.9 ± 0.2 vs. 5.4 ± 0.5 pmol/min), with the effect lasting for 60 min. The uroguanylin secretion was less affected. Hyperosmolar mannitol also caused a significant but smaller increase of guanylin secretion. Increased guanylin could lead to increased salt and water secretion of the intestine; thus members of the guanylin family have potential roles in the regulation of water and salt metabolism in the small intestine.

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