The Effect of Polychlorinated Biphenyl on Steroidogenesis and Reproduction in the Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 666-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Freeman ◽  
D. R. Idler
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Reproduction Process

Livers from brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) held in water containing 3.8 p.p.m. (mg/1) Corexit and in water containing 3.8 p.p.m. Corexit + 0.2 p.p.m. polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) were firmer in texture than livers taken from control trout held in fresh water. The testes from the PCB-treated trout were darker in color, smaller in size, contained less spermatic fluid, and appeared to be regressed when compared with testes from the control fish.Only 72% of the eggs from PCB-treated trout hatched compared to 92% for control eggs when eggs were incubated in fresh water. Fertilized eggs incubated in water containing 0.2 p.p.m. PCB + 3.8 p.p.m. Corexit resulted in less than 1% of the eggs from the untreated fish and none of the eggs from PCB-treated fish being hatched. The young fish from the control group lived only a few days in the water containing PCB.PCB greatly stimulated the in vitro 11β-hydroxylation of testosterone by trout testicular tissue. There was no significant change in 11-ketotestosterone blood levels in maturing brook trout after treatment with 3.8 p.p.m. Corexit or 3.8 p.p.m. Corexit + 0.2 p.p.m. PCB for 21 days during the final stages of maturation. It is thought that sublethal levels of PCB can interfere with the reproduction process in this species.

Retardation and Recovery of Growth in Brook Trout Fry (Salvelinus fontinalis) Exposed for Various Durations to Acidified Water

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2048-2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Tam ◽  
P. D. Payson ◽  
R. J. J. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Test Fish ◽  
Neutral Water

Brook trout fry (Salvelinus fontinalis) were exposed to pH 4.66 for various durations up to 141 d and then returned to neutral water. Growth of test fish was in general significantly lower than that of control fish for exposures up to days 45–78. In four of six groups of acid-treated fish, growth eventually recovered and the growth rates were not different from that of control fish. The results suggested that growth inhibition was induced early in the exposure to sublethally low pH and that recovery in the latter phase of the experiment occurred whether pH remained acidic or was readjusted to neutral.

Reproduction in Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) Fed Sublethal Concentrations of DDT

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1787-1796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Macek
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Major Portion ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Male Fish ◽  
Insecticide Residues ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations ◽  
Maximum Utilization

When sexually maturing yearling brook trout were fed for 156 days with DDT at rates that evidently caused no mortality, fish fed at the lower dosages produced more mature ova than untreated fish. Those fed at the highest dosage produced fewer mature ova than untreated fish. The size of the male fish at the end of the feeding period tended to increase according to dosage of DDT. In eggs and sac fry obtained from various mating combinations of gametes from the experimental groups, mortality was with one exception higher when at least one of the gametes came from treated fish than when they both came from untreated fish. A major portion of the mortality of sac fry in groups where the eggs came from treated fish occurred during the 15th week of development. This period coincided with the period of maximum, utilization of yolk fat reported to occur in other salmonid fry, and indicated that insecticide residues in the eggs were released at this time and resulted in the observed mortality. The residue concentrations in the fish at the end of the feeding period were similar to those reported for wild fish.

Electroretinographic Determination of Spectral Sensitivity in Albino and Pigmented Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis, Mitchill)

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1030-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kobayashi ◽  
M. A. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Spectral Sensitivity ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
The Difference

A technique for recording electroretinograms from the unpunctured eyes in situ of living, anesthetized fish is described. This technique permits the use of the same fish in a number of experiments over a period of weeks, months, or years. Using this technique the spectral sensitivity of dark-adapted (scotopic) and light-adapted (photopic) fish was measured at 13 bands of the visible spectrum. The scotopic curves of albino and pigmented trout thus obtained in the winter have their maxima around 525 nm which differ from that of the absorption spectrum of the scotopic pigment in situ and in vitro of older fish obtained in the summer. The photopic curve of the pigmented fish is a broad one with humps around 425 nm, 545 nm, and 595 nm. The albino's curve has a relatively narrow band with a peak around 630 nm and a shoulder at about 550 nm. The difference between the shapes of the two curves may be ascribed to the increase in the intensity of light of longer wavelengths within the eyeball of the albino, due to reflection from blood vessels and sclera caused by the absence of pigmentation.

Removal of Follicle Wall Components from Ovarian Oocytes of the Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 2053-2058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Lessman ◽  
Soosamma Kavumpurath ◽  
Hamid R. Habibi
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Meiotic Maturation ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Maturation In Vitro ◽  
Free Media ◽  
Brook Trout Oocytes ◽  
Wall Components

Fully grown brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) ovarian follicles, preincubated in Ca2+-free media, were dissected from other ovarian tissue by use of watchmaker forceps. Manual defolliculation and further Ca2+-free treatments were used to obtain oocytes freed of one or more follicular investments. Combinations of these treatments ultimately resulted in oocytes denuded of somatic cells as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. Mechanically denuded brook trout oocytes maintained the ability to undergo progestogen-induced meiotic maturation in vitro. This technique, which avoids use of enzymes that may alter cell surfaces, provides a useful system for the study of interactions between follicle wall components and the oocyte during hormonally induced meiotic maturation in vitro.

Investigations on the control of in vitro spontaneous brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) ovulation

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy K. Berndtson ◽  
Frederick W. Goetz
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis

Passive solute and fluid transport in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) urinary bladder epithelium

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 912-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Bladder Epithelium ◽  
Solute Permeability ◽  
Tight Epithelia

The passive transport of solutes across the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) urinary bladder epithelium was examined in vitro in Ussing-style membrane chambers. The low transepithelial conductance (average 0.14–0.20 mS∙cm−2) and low mannitol permeability (6.9 ± 1.4 × 10−11 cm∙s−1, mean ± SE) indicate that both the transcellular and paracellular pathways have limited solute permeability. Fluid transport measurements in in vitro bag preparations indicate low hydraulic conductivity (1.6 ± 0.4 × 10−7 cm∙s−1∙atm−1; 1 atm = 101.325 kPa) and suggest that the absorbate is hyperosmotic, 5-fold more concentrated than the bathing solutions. Voltage clamping experiments with unidirectional 22Na+ and 36Cl− fluxes indicated that Na+ passive diffusion occurs primarily via a transcellular pathway, whereas the epithelium behaves as a simple resistive barrier to Cl−; thus, a diffusional portion of the Cl− flux may be paracellular. The balance of the Cl− serosa-to-mucosa flux is nonconductive and apparently represents anion exchange. Current–voltage relations were nonlinear as is typical of some tight epithelia. Bladder urine is highly hypotonic, with sodium, potassium and chloride contents of 2.00 ± 0.36, 0.76 ± 0.19 and 1.31 ± 0.20 mM, respectively. In addition to the previously demonstrated absorptive neutral NaCl active transport, present results indicate a barrier function of the urinary bladder epithelium in which hydraulic conductivity and ion and uncharged solute permeabilities are low. These characterisitics are in turn consistent with the production in vivo of a very dilute urine.

Luteinizing hormone stimulation of in vitro ovulation in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) involves follicle contraction and activation of proteolytic genes

2013 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Crespo ◽  
Kousik Pramanick ◽  
Frederick W. Goetz ◽  
Josep V. Planas
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Hormone Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of
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