The fatty acid composition of phosphoglycerides of nerve cell bodies isolated in bulk from rabbit cerebral cortex: changes during development and positional distribution

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 378-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Roy Baker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Positional Distribution ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Rabbit Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Major Saturated Fatty Acid

Analyses were made of the component fatty acids of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidylinositol (PI) of nerve cell bodies isolated in bulk from cerebral cortex of rabbits of 8, 15, and 22 days and 9 weeks of age. PC has palmitate as its major saturated fatty acid and this showed a decrease with age (8 days to 9 weeks) from 46 to 39% of the total fatty acid. Stearate, the dominant saturate in PE, (22–23%), PI (35–37%), and PS (42–44%), remained relatively constant with age, although there was an increase in stearate in PC (6 to 10%) over this time period. Of the four phosphatides, PC had the highest levels of monoenoic fatty acids, showing progressive increases in oleate (23 to 28%) and declines in palmitoleate (6 to 2%). During development, the level of arachidonate (20:4) remained relatively constant in PC (10–11%) and PI (47–48%), but declined in PE (26 to 21%) and PS (8 to 5%). Conversely, the levels of docosahexaenoate (22:6) rose in PE (11 to 17%) and PS (16 to 21%) over the same time period. Phospholipase A2 hydrolyses of these phosphoglycerides showed stearate principally at position 1 and polyunsaturates (e.g., 20:4, 22:6) almost exclusively at position 2. Palmitate and oleate were generally found in greater abundance at position 1, with the exception of PC where both these fatty acids were almost equally distributed between positions 1 and 2. The existence of dipalmitoyl and 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl lecithins in nerve cell bodies may thus be suggested.

The fatty acid composition of lipids of neuronal and glial nuclear fractions isolated from 15-day-old rabbit cerebral cortex

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 620-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Roy Baker ◽  
Huu-Yi Chang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Phosphatidyl Inositol ◽  
Nuclear Fraction ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Rabbit Cerebral Cortex

A neuronal nuclear fraction (N1) and a glial nuclear fraction (N2) have been isolated from 15-day-old rabbit cerebral cortex using the Thompson procedure. More than 56% of the homogenate DNA was recovered in the two nuclear fractions, with N1 being the larger by about eightfold. Fractions N1 and N2 had very similar phospholipid distributions, with phosphatidyl-inositol being a larger component than phosphatidylserine. Fatty acid analyses demonstrated that phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol, individually, had similar fatty acid profiles in fractions N1 and N2, and also in nuclear and microsomal fractions derived from homogenates of nerve cell bodies isolated from cerebral cortex of 15-day-old rabbits. In contrast, the nuclear phosphatidylcholines had lower levels of palmitate and higher levels of arachidonate than did microsomal phosphatidylcholines. Molecular species analyses indicated that monoenes (41 mol%), tetraenes (20 mol%), and saturates (13 mol%, composed chiefly of palmitate) were the principal classes of N1 phosphatidylcholines, while the diacyl species of phosphatidylethanolamine of this fraction were characterized by high levels of tetraenes (44 mol%), pentaenes (17 mol%), and hexaenes + polyenes (24 mol%). The neutral glycerides of fraction N1 occurred collectively at a level of 0.05 mol/mol phospholipid. Prominent fatty acids of diacylglycerols included palmitate (31%), oleate (20%), arachidonate (14%), and stéarate (13%). Triacylglycerols showed a similar pattern but with relatively high levels of linoleate (11%), while monoacylglycerols consisted almost entirely of palmitate (33%), stearate (35%), and oleate (24%).

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Fatty Acid Composition and Cold Hardiness of Pecan Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 858A-858
Author(s):  
Sameera Bafeel* ◽  
Frank Matta
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
The Relationship

Temperature is a major environmental factor governing the distribution of both wild and cultivated plant species. During acclimation and deacclimation plants undergo a series of metabolic changes that lead to cold hardiness or loss of hardiness. One of these changes is the accumulation of certain lipids. This research was conducted to compare hardiness among three pecan cultivars: `Desirable', `Jackson', and `Owens' growing under Mississippi condition and to determine the relationship between fatty acid levels and cold hardiness of pecan shoots. Differential thermal analysis (DTA), electrical conductivity, and tetrazolium tests were used to determine cold hardiness. Pecan stems were collected from September to March in 2002 and 2003 to determine cold acclimation and deacclimation. Fatty acid composition of pecan stems during this time period was determined by gas chromatography. DTA indicated that pecan stems acclimated in October and deacclimated in March. During cold acclimation, there was a shift in the fatty acid composition to more unsaturated fatty acids. The percentage of linoleic and linolenic fatty acids increased, while the percentage of palmitic and stearic fatty acids decreased. The correlation between unsaturated fatty acids and cold hardiness suggests that unsaturated fatty acid may play a role in membrane fluidity.

scholarly journals Effect of sex, dietary glycerol or dietary fat during late fattening, on fatty acid composition and positional distribution of fatty acids within the triglyceride in pigs

animal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1904-1911 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Segura ◽  
M.I. Cambero ◽  
L. Cámara ◽  
C. Loriente ◽  
G.G. Mateos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Positional Distribution

Genotypic and environmental effects on saturated fatty acid concentration of canola grown in Manitoba

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 749-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. McCartney ◽  
R. Scarth ◽  
P. B. E. McVetty ◽  
J. K. Daun
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Main Effects

The low saturated fatty acid concentration of canola oil relative to other vegetable oils has resulted in a favourable market share for canola. Understanding the effects of genotype and environment on saturated fatty acid concentration will facilitate Brassica napus breeding efforts aimed at maintaining or reducing saturate levels in the seed oil. Canola-quality B. napus samples from the Manitoba Crop Variety Evaluation Team (MCVET) trials in 1999, 2000 and 2001 were tested for fatty acid composition, oil concentration and protein concentration. Weather data were obtained from nearby weather stations. The majority of the variation in total saturates for the cultivars studied was attributed to variation in palmitic acid (C16:0) due to the genotype main effect and variation in stearic acid (C18:0) due to the genotype and environment main effects. The variation due to the genotype × environment interaction was small relative to the main effects for the individual saturated fatty acids. C18:0 and arachidic (C20:0) acid concentrations were correlated between genotypes, suggesting pleiotropy or that these traits are controlled by linked genes in the cultivars tested. The data also suggested that C16:0 and C18:0 acid concentrations are controlled by different genes. C18:0, C20:0 and behenic (C22:0) acid concentrations were correlated across environments, but did not correlate with C16:0 concentration. Relationships between weather variables and fatty acid composition, oil concentration and protein concentration were not established. Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis revealed that some canola cultivars were more stable than others with regard to total saturates over environments. Key words: Genotype, environment, seed quality, saturated fatty acids, canola, Brassica napus

scholarly journals Free-Range Feeding Alters Fatty Acid Composition at the sn-2 Position of Triglycerides and Subcutaneous Fat Physicochemical Properties in Heavy Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2802
Author(s):  
José Segura ◽  
Ana Isabel Rey ◽  
Álvaro Olivares ◽  
María Isabel Cambero ◽  
Rosa Escudero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Positional Distribution ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Free Range ◽  
High Oleic

The nutritional value of fat consumption depends on both the fatty acid composition and the positional distribution of fatty acids within the triglyceride molecule. This research studies the effect of feeding with three different diets (4% lard-enriched; 11.5% high-oleic sunflower-enriched; and extensive feeding mainly with acorns) on the composition of fatty acids in the sn-2 position (and sn-1,3) of triglycerides and the textural properties of subcutaneous fat in heavy Iberian pigs (n = 210 castrated males). A moderate dietary enrichment with oleic acid in mixed diets did not alter the regulation of the sn-2 position of triglyceride (69.9% and 13.9% of palmitic and oleic acids, respectively), but the extremely high intake of oleic acid in pigs fed mainly on acorns changed the proportions of palmitic and oleic acids at the sn-2 position in the subcutaneous fat of pigs (55.0% and 27.2%, respectively). Hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness showed the least values in EXT pigs, and the greatest values in LARD-fed barrows. SUN cohesiveness and gumminess did not differ from those fed LARD. In addition, Iberian pigs raised in free-range conditions had a more favorable nutritional lipid profile for human health compared to pigs fed conventional diets.

scholarly journals Fatty acid profile of pork from a local and a commercial breed

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kasprzyk ◽  
M. Tyra ◽  
M. Babicz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Drip Loss ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Abstract. This study investigated the effects of breed on the fatty acid compositions of the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) of gilts and barrows. Although only one muscle was analyzed, the results gave a good indication of the effect that breed and sex may have on the fatty acid compositions of the meat. Breed exhibited a significant effect on the fatty acid composition of pigs, whereas the effects of sex were found to be minor. Higher contents of intramuscular fat (IMF), C16 : 1, C18 : 1 and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs); darker color of meat; and lower cholesterol content, drip loss, C18 : 0, C18 : 2, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), n-6 and n-6 : n-3 ratios were found in the LTL muscle of Pulawska pigs compared with Polish Landrace pigs. Meat of Pulawska pigs is especially suitable for the production of good-quality, cured and smoked loin for longer storage. Fat content was higher in barrows than in gilts, and as a consequence the IMF from barrows had higher saturated fatty acid proportions and hypercholesterolemic acids (OFAs) as well as lower C18 : 1 than that from gilts.

scholarly journals Fatty acid composition and Ω3/Ω6 ratios of the muscle lipids of six fish species in Sugla Lake, Turkey

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selim Cakmak ◽  
Gokhan Zengin ◽  
Ozmen Guler ◽  
Abdurrahman Aktumsek ◽  
Haluk Ozparlak
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Tinca Tinca ◽  
Sander Lucioperca ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Muscle Lipids ◽  
Major Saturated Fatty Acid

Fatty acid composition of the muscle lipids of Carassius gibelio, Pseudophoxinus anatolicus, Sander lucioperca, Tinca tinca, Vimba vimba tenella and Capoeta capoeta in Sugla Lake were determined. In all species, palmitic acid (13.25- 18.54% of total fatty acids) and oleic acid (11.93-34.23% of total fatty acids) were identified as major saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), respectively. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was found to be the major polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in T. tinca, C. capoeta, C. gibelio, P. anatolicus and S. lucioperca while the predominant PUFA of V. vimba tenella was eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). S. lucioperca contained more ?3 fatty acids than the other fish species. The percentages of total ?3 fatty acids were higher than those of total ?6 fatty acids in all species. Since P. anatolicus is endemic and endangered, this species should be protected and produced for future marketing.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTAL DIETARY COPPER ON GLYCERIDE DISTRIBUTION IN THE BACKFAT OF PIGS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. AMER ◽  
J. I. ELLIOT
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Positional Distribution ◽  
Triglyceride Composition ◽  
Dietary Copper ◽  
Copper Supplementation

The depot fat triglyceride composition of pigs fed 250 ppm supplemental dietary copper from 18 to 23, 46, 69, or 92 kg was determined to further elucidate the effects of supplemental copper on triglyceride composition in the pig. The presence of supplemental copper in the diet significantly (P < 0.01) decreased the amount of 16:0 and increased the amounts of 16:1, 18:1, and 18:2 esterified at the 2 position of porcine backfat triglycerides. Removal of copper from the diet at 23, 46, or 69 kg eliminated these effects in samples taken from such pigs at slaughter (92 kg). The observed alterations in the positional distribution of fatty acids in porcine triglycerides was related to changes in the fatty acid composition of porcine depot fat associated with copper supplementation of the diet. Alterations in the concentration of isomeric triglycerides was also noted and is discussed.

Platelet Aggregation in Finnish Men and Its Relation to Fatty Acids in Platelets, Plasma and Adipose Tissue

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (03) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
M K Salo ◽  
E Vartiainen ◽  
P Puska ◽  
T Nikkari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Ω3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryPlatelet aggregation and its relation to fatty acid composition of platelets, plasma and adipose tissue was determined in 196 randomly selected, free-living, 40-49-year-old men in two regions of Finland (east and southwest) with a nearly twofold difference in the IHD rate.There were no significant east-southwest differences in platelet aggregation induced with ADP, thrombin or epinephrine. ADP-induced platelet secondary aggregation showed significant negative associations with all C20-C22 ω3-fatty acids in platelets (r = -0.26 - -0.40) and with the platelet 20: 5ω3/20: 4ω 6 and ω3/ ω6 ratios, but significant positive correlations with the contents of 18:2 in adipose tissue (r = 0.20) and plasma triglycerides (TG) (r = 0.29). Epinephrine-induced aggregation correlated negatively with 20: 5ω 3 in plasma cholesteryl esters (CE) (r = -0.23) and TG (r = -0.29), and positively with the total percentage of saturated fatty acids in platelets (r = 0.33), but had no significant correlations with any of the ω6-fatty acids. Thrombin-induced aggregation correlated negatively with the ω3/6ω ratio in adipose tissue (r = -0.25) and the 20: 3ω6/20: 4ω 6 ratio in plasma CE (r = -0.27) and free fatty acids (FFA) (r = -0.23), and positively with adipose tissue 18:2 (r = 0.23) and 20:4ω6 (r = 0.22) in plasma phospholipids (PL).The percentages of prostanoid precursors in platelet lipids, i. e. 20: 3ω 6, 20: 4ω 6 and 20 :5ω 3, correlated best with the same fatty acids in plasma CE (r = 0.32 - 0.77) and PL (r = 0.28 - 0.74). Platelet 20: 5ω 3 had highly significant negative correlations with the percentage of 18:2 in adipose tissue and all plasma lipid fractions (r = -0.35 - -0.44).These results suggest that, among a free-living population, relatively small changes in the fatty acid composition of plasma and platelets may be reflected in significant differences in platelet aggregation, and that an increase in linoleate-rich vegetable fat in the diet may not affect platelet function favourably unless it is accompanied by an adequate supply of ω3 fatty acids.

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