The fatty acid composition of lipids of neuronal and glial nuclear fractions isolated from 15-day-old rabbit cerebral cortex

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 620-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Roy Baker ◽  
Huu-Yi Chang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Phosphatidyl Inositol ◽  
Nuclear Fraction ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Rabbit Cerebral Cortex

A neuronal nuclear fraction (N1) and a glial nuclear fraction (N2) have been isolated from 15-day-old rabbit cerebral cortex using the Thompson procedure. More than 56% of the homogenate DNA was recovered in the two nuclear fractions, with N1 being the larger by about eightfold. Fractions N1 and N2 had very similar phospholipid distributions, with phosphatidyl-inositol being a larger component than phosphatidylserine. Fatty acid analyses demonstrated that phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol, individually, had similar fatty acid profiles in fractions N1 and N2, and also in nuclear and microsomal fractions derived from homogenates of nerve cell bodies isolated from cerebral cortex of 15-day-old rabbits. In contrast, the nuclear phosphatidylcholines had lower levels of palmitate and higher levels of arachidonate than did microsomal phosphatidylcholines. Molecular species analyses indicated that monoenes (41 mol%), tetraenes (20 mol%), and saturates (13 mol%, composed chiefly of palmitate) were the principal classes of N1 phosphatidylcholines, while the diacyl species of phosphatidylethanolamine of this fraction were characterized by high levels of tetraenes (44 mol%), pentaenes (17 mol%), and hexaenes + polyenes (24 mol%). The neutral glycerides of fraction N1 occurred collectively at a level of 0.05 mol/mol phospholipid. Prominent fatty acids of diacylglycerols included palmitate (31%), oleate (20%), arachidonate (14%), and stéarate (13%). Triacylglycerols showed a similar pattern but with relatively high levels of linoleate (11%), while monoacylglycerols consisted almost entirely of palmitate (33%), stearate (35%), and oleate (24%).

The fatty acid composition of phosphoglycerides of nerve cell bodies isolated in bulk from rabbit cerebral cortex: changes during development and positional distribution

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 378-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Roy Baker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Positional Distribution ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Rabbit Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Major Saturated Fatty Acid

Analyses were made of the component fatty acids of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidylinositol (PI) of nerve cell bodies isolated in bulk from cerebral cortex of rabbits of 8, 15, and 22 days and 9 weeks of age. PC has palmitate as its major saturated fatty acid and this showed a decrease with age (8 days to 9 weeks) from 46 to 39% of the total fatty acid. Stearate, the dominant saturate in PE, (22–23%), PI (35–37%), and PS (42–44%), remained relatively constant with age, although there was an increase in stearate in PC (6 to 10%) over this time period. Of the four phosphatides, PC had the highest levels of monoenoic fatty acids, showing progressive increases in oleate (23 to 28%) and declines in palmitoleate (6 to 2%). During development, the level of arachidonate (20:4) remained relatively constant in PC (10–11%) and PI (47–48%), but declined in PE (26 to 21%) and PS (8 to 5%). Conversely, the levels of docosahexaenoate (22:6) rose in PE (11 to 17%) and PS (16 to 21%) over the same time period. Phospholipase A2 hydrolyses of these phosphoglycerides showed stearate principally at position 1 and polyunsaturates (e.g., 20:4, 22:6) almost exclusively at position 2. Palmitate and oleate were generally found in greater abundance at position 1, with the exception of PC where both these fatty acids were almost equally distributed between positions 1 and 2. The existence of dipalmitoyl and 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl lecithins in nerve cell bodies may thus be suggested.

scholarly journals Effect of pig genotypes from Slovak and Polish breeds on meat quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondrej Debrecéni ◽  
Petra Lípová ◽  
Ondřej Bučko ◽  
Aleksandra Cebulska ◽  
Wojciech Kapelánski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Drip Loss ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Large White ◽  
Pig Breeds

Abstract. Nowadays, meat and meat products from indigenous pig breeds are desired by consumers for their high sensory quality. For that reason, the trend to use indigenous pig breeds for production of these products has widened. The aim of this study was to compare physical and chemical parameters of Musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) as well as content of cholesterol and fatty acid profiles among Mangalitsa, the crossbreed Mangalitsa × Duroc, and pig meat breed Slovak Large White with Polish indigenous breeds Pulawska and Zlotnicka spotted. In the study, 48 pigs were used. The pigs were divided into 5 groups of different genotypes: Mangalitsa breed (n = 9), the crossbreed Mangalitsa × Duroc (n = 9), Slovak Large White – SLW (n = 10), Zlotnicka spotted (n = 10) and Pulawska (n = 10). The pigs were reared under intensive conditions, and they were fed by an ad libitum system with complete feed mixtures. The fattening period lasted from 30 to 100 kg of live weight. The SLW had the highest average daily gain with the lowest feed intake compared to Mangalitsa, the crossbreed Ma × Du and Polish indigenous breeds (P < 0.001). SLW had the highest meat content in the carcass while Mangalitsa had the lowest (P < 0.001). Mangalitsa and their crossbreed Ma × Du had the highest fat content in the carcass, but the SLW and Polish indigenous pig breeds had the lowest fat content in the carcass (P < 0.001). As regards the physical properties of MLD, the Polish indigenous pig breeds achieved the highest values of pH45 min post mortem, the lowest drip loss values, the lowest colour values of CIE L* and the highest values of CIE b* compared to other genotypes in the experiment (P < 0.001). However the meat of crossbreed Ma × Du had pale, soft and exudative (PSE)-like conditions due to the low pH45 min post mortem, the high values of drip loss and CIE L*. The crossbreed Ma × Du and Polish indigenous pig breeds had the highest content of intramuscular fat in MLD compared to Mangalitsa and SLW (P < 0.001). The cholesterol content in MLD was the highest in Polish pig breeds and the lowest in SLW (P < 0.001). Regarding the fatty acid content in the meat, intramuscular fat (IMF) from Zlotnicka spotted was significantly the most polyunsaturated with the highest percentages of C18:2n-6, C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3, and it had the lowest percentages of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) as well as contents of C18:1cis-9 and C18:1trans-11 compared to other genotypes (P < 0.001). IMF from Slovak Large White was the most saturated and monounsaturated with the highest content of C18:1cis-9, and it has the lowest percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in IMF compared to genotypes in the study (P < 0.001). From the results, it follows that the Polish indigenous pig breeds are more suitable for the breeding and production of special meat products due to acceptable fattening and carcass parameters as well as the meat quality. As regards fatty acid composition of meat, the direct influence between fatty acid composition in diet and in Musculus longissimus dorsi was not determined. However, the genotypes have a significant impact on fatty acid profiles in MLD.

Note. Seasonal Variations of Fatty Acid Composition in Wild Marine Shrimps (Penaeus semisulcatus De Haan, 1844 and Metapenaeus monoceros Fabricus, 1789) from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yanar ◽  
M. Çelik
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Metapenaeus Monoceros ◽  
Penaeus Semisulcatus

Seasonal fatty acid profiles of Penaeus semisulcatus and Metapenaeus monoceros were investigated. Palmitic (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), oleic (18:1), palmitooleic acid (16:1), arachidonic acid (20:4), eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) were found to be the most abundant fatty acids in both shrimp species. Fatty acid profile showed seasonal changes. The highest EPA DHA contents were recorded during winter (January) in both species.

Effect of dietary supplementation with Acacia karroo leaves on fatty acid profiles and consumer sensory attributes of Xhosa lop-eared goats under artificial haemonchosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Marume ◽  
A. Hugo ◽  
M. Chimonyo ◽  
V. Muchenje ◽  
K. Dzama
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Acacia Karroo ◽  
Acid Ratio

The effect of Acacia karroo supplementation on fatty acid profiles and sensory attributes of Xhosa lop-eared goats meat was evaluated in 18 4-month-old goats exposed to a single dose of 6000 L3 Haemonchus contortus larvae. The goats were allotted into two groups: non-supplemented (NSP) and supplemented (AK). The AK goats received 200 g of fresh A. karroo leaves. At the end of the experiment, all the goats were slaughtered to determine the fatty acid profiles and sensory perceptions. Faecal larval counts decreased significantly in the AK group as the infection progressed, while it increased in the NSP group. At necropsy, the NSP group had significantly higher worm counts than the AK group. The AK group contained significantly higher (P < 0.05) amounts of intramuscular fat and had almost twice (P < 0.05) the total polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acid/monounsaturated fatty acid ratio. Furthermore, the AK goats also had higher amounts (P < 0.05) of n-3. Mean sensory scores for juiciness and tenderness were superior in the AK goats (P < 0.05). In conclusion, A. karroo supplementation positively influenced the fatty acid composition and sensory attributes of chevon from goats infected with H. contortus.

Changes in human milk fatty acid composition and maternal lifestyle-related factors over a decade: a comparison between the two Ulm Birth Cohort Studies

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Linda P. Siziba ◽  
Leonie Lorenz ◽  
Hermann Brenner ◽  
Prudence Carr ◽  
Bernd Stahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Related Factors

Abstract Human milk fatty acid composition varies during lactation and is influenced by maternal diet, maternal lifestyle-related factors and genetic background. This is one of the first studies to investigate a period effect, that is, the impact of lifestyle-related changes on human milk fatty acid composition, in two different cohorts. Lactating women were recruited from the general population a decade apart in Ulm, Germany, using similar methodology. Human milk samples collected 6 weeks postpartum were analysed (Ulm Birth Cohort Study (UBCS (2000)), n 567; Ulm SPATZ Health Study (SPATZ (2012)), n 458). Centred log ratio transformation was applied to fatty acid data. Principal component analysis was used to determine study-dependent fatty acid profiles. A general linear model was used to determine the study (or period) effect on fatty acid profiles adjusting for duration of gestation, age, education, delivery mode, smoking and pre-pregnancy BMI. Two principal components were retained (PC1 and PC2). PC1 was associated with UBCS, while PC2 was associated with SPATZ. PC1 comprised high SFA, and low MUFA, n-6 and n-3 long-chain PUFA (LCPUFA). The inverse was true for PC2. Although human milk remains a source of essential fatty acids, infants could be at risk of inadequate n-3 and n-6 LCPUFA intake through human milk. The differences in the human milk fatty acid profiles also reflect changes in maternal dietary habits in the more recent cohort, which may comprise lower intakes of dietary trans-fatty acids and SFA and higher intakes of vegetable oils.

Comparison of lipid contents and fatty acid profiles of freshwater fish from the Atatürk Dam Lake / Atatürk Baraj Gölü’ndeki tatlısu balıklarının lipid içeriği ve yağ asidi profilinin karşılaştırılması

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Semra Kaçar ◽  
Mehmet Başhan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Liza Abu ◽  
Atatürk Dam Lake

AbstractObjective: The objective of the study was to examine the lipid levels, fatty acid profiles (especially EPA and DHA which play an important role in the prevention of a wide variety disorders such as; coronary heart disease, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, breast and colon cancer, Alzheimer disease, inflammation and autoimmune disorders) and n-3/n-6 ratio of some freshwater fish in Ataturk Dam Lake.Methods: Samples of 12 fish species from the Ataturk Dam Lake (Turkey) were investigated for their fat content and fatty acid composition (Aspius vorax, Carasobarbus luteus, Carassius gibelio, Liza abu, Acanthobrama marmid, Barbus xanthopterus, Cyprinion macrostomum, Carassius auratus, Calcalburnus mossulensis, Capoeta trutta, Mastacembelus simack, Chondrostoma regium). Total lipids were extracted with 10 ml of chloroform-methanol (2/1v/v). Samples containing muscle lipid were transesterified with acidified methanol. The fatty acid methyl esters were extracted with hexane. Fatty acids were detected by gas chromatography (GC).Results: The lipid content of species ranged from 0.78% to 2.51%. The highest lipid content was found in female C. trutta (2.51%). The major SFAs were myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0). Oleic acid (C18:1 n-9) and palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7) were the prominent MUFA. The dominant PUFAs were linoleic acid (LA, C18:2 n-6), linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3 n-3), arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4 n-6), eicoesapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5 n-3) and docoesahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3). The ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFAs ranged from 1.22 to 4.71.Conclusion: In this study, the fatty acid composition varied between different species In addition, the highest n-3/n-6 ratios were observed in female C. trutta, C. mossulensis, C. regium and A. vorax. Therefore, these species are economically important fish considering n-3 fatty acids and n-3/n-6 ratios.

Fatty Acid Composition of Lipids from Sulphuroxidizing and Methylotrophic Bacteria from Thyasirid and Lucinid Bivalves

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gregor Fullarton ◽  
P. Wood ◽  
John R. Sargent
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Methylotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain

Lipids of sulphur-oxidizing bacteria isolated fromThyasim flexuosahad large amounts of 18:l(n-7) together with lesser amounts of both 16:l(n-7) and 16:0 as their major fatty acids. Smaller amounts of the cyclopropyl fatty acids, cyclic δ9,10 C16 and especially cyclic δll,12 C18 were also present. A similar pattern was found for methylotrophic bacteria isolated fromThyasira, MyrteaandLucinoma, except that 16:l(n-7) and 16:0 were both present in larger amounts than 18:l(n-7) and small amounts of cyclic δ9,10 C16 and lesser amounts of cyclic All,12 C18 were present in all cases. The fatty acids 18:l(n-7), 16:l(n-7), 16:0, cyclic δ9,10 C16, and cyclic δll,12 C18 were all present in varying amounts in several free-living, non-marine, sulphur-oxidizing bacteria analysed, and in one bacterium both cyclic δ9,10 C18 and cyclic δll,12 C20 were abundant. Branched-chain fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were not detected in any of the sulphur-oxidizing or methylotrophic bacteria analysed. The lipids of the sulphur-oxidizing and methylotrophic bacteria consisted largely of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin. The results are discussed in terms of fatty acids as indicators of nutritional relationships in bacterial-invertebrate symbioses.

PSXV-25 Effects of multiple grass-fed and grain-fed beef systems on meat fatty acid composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 324-324
Author(s):  
Sarah C Klopatek ◽  
Xiang Yang ◽  
James W Oltjen ◽  
Payam Vahmani
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acids ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Bioactive Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Retail sales of labeled fresh grass-fed beef in the U.S. have grown from $17 million in 2012 to $272 million in 2016. The objective of present study was to investigate the effect of four typical grass-fed and conventional beef systems raised in the western United States on beef fatty-acid composition. Treatments included: 1) steers stocked on pasture then finished in a feedyard (CON), 2) steers grass-fed for 20 months (GF20), 3) steers grass-fed for 20 months with a 45-day grain finish (GR45), and 4) steers grass-fed for 25 months (GF25). Fatty acids were analyzed with GC using a 100 m CPSil 88 capillary column. All statistical analyses were performed using a GLM procedure in R. Saturated fatty acid (SFA) concentrations were significantly different across treatments (P &lt; 0.05) with GR45 having the lowest SFA of 43% and GF25 having the highest SFA at 46%. Cis-monounsaturated fatty acid (c-MUFA) particularly oleic acid, which is known as a heart healthy fatty acids, were highest for CON at 44% and lowest for GF20 at 37% (P &lt; 0.05). Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) were significantly lower for the grain-fed treatments (0.54 CON and 0.63 GR45; P &lt; 0.05) compared to grass-fed treatments (0.93 GF20 and 0.86 GF25; P &lt; 0.05). The grass-fed treatments were higher in n-3 PUFA (3.67 GF20 and 2.29 GF25) than CON (0.79; P &lt; 0.05), however feeding grain for a short period of time did not decrease n-3 PUFA concentrations to the CON level (GF45 2.51; P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, our findings show that beef from grain-fed beef management systems is higher in c-MUFA, while grass-fed is significantly higher in bioactive fatty acids including CLA and branched chain fatty acids. Additional studies are needed to determine if fatty acid profiles between grass-fed and grain-fed beef would result in different health outcomes for the consumers.

scholarly journals Changes of Fatty Acid Profiles and Content of Sterols, Tocopherols and Carotenoids in Pork by Antioxidant Type Phytonutrients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 9749-9761
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Larix Sibirica ◽  
Rosa Damascena ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum

The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of 3.5 and 7.5 mg 96% Larix sibirica dihydroquercetin/kg/d (samples D1 and D2), or 0.255 and 0.545 g dry distilled Rosa damascena petals (DDRP)/kg/d (samples R1 and R2) used as supplements to pigs diet until the last 45 d prior to harvest on fatty acid composition and contents of sterols, tocopherols and carotenoids in Longissimus lumborum et thoracis and Semimembranosus muscles, backfat and leaf fat stored 24h at 0-4°C. The dihydroquercetin or DDRP supplementation increases the amount of unsaturated fatty acids with 1.2 - 4.3% of two muscles and backfat. The addition of DDRP/kg/d to the feed of pigs causes a reduction in the sterols in m. Semimembranosus and backfat, while in leaf fat, no affect. In contrast, the pronounced increase of sterols in m. Longissimus lumborum et thoracis were found when dihydroquercetin or DDRP were added. The supplementation of antioxidant type phytonutrients leads to significant (p < 0.05) increase of tocopherols in both muscles and in samples R2 of backfat. The carotenoids decreasing was observed in backfat, m. Longissimus lumborum et thoracis and m. Semimembranosus excluding samples D2 at m. Semimembranosus and samples R1, R2, and D2 leaf fat.

scholarly journals Effect of refrigeration time on the lipid oxidation and fatty acid profiles of catfish (Arius maculatus) commercialized in Cameroon

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Tenyang ◽  
H. M. Womeni ◽  
B. Tiencheu ◽  
P. Villeneuve ◽  
M. Linder
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Progressive Loss ◽  
Peroxide Values ◽  
Catfish Oil ◽  
Absorbance Band

The effects of refrigeration at 4 °C during 9 days on the quality and stability of catfish oil were evaluated using a change in fatty acid composition by gas chromatography (GC), commonly used analytical indexes (acid and peroxide values), and analysis by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results revealed that lipid deterioration, hydrolysis and oxidation occurred throughout the cold storage (4 °C). Refrigeration induced the lipolysis of triglycerides by lipases and phospholipases. It also affected the fatty acids composition of the catfish. The progressive loss of unsaturation was monitored by the decrease in the absorbance band at 3012 cm-1 on FTIR spectra and the lowest value was observed in the catfish muscle at 9 days of refrigeration. Eicosapentaenoic C20:5ω3 (EPA) and docosahexaenoic C22:6ω3 (DHA) acids were the polyunsaturated fatty acids most affected during refrigeration. Refrigeration for less than 5 days was found to be the best conditions for the preservation of the catfish.

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