Application of the “confusion principle” to Sn-based materials as negative electrode materials for Li-ion batteries

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. Ferguson ◽  
J. R. Dahn
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Alloy Sample ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cycle Number ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Negative Electrode Material

The “confusion principle” (Greer. Nature, 366, 303 (1993)) is applied to tin-3d transition metals carbon alloys to obtain a nanostructured negative electrode material. Various Sn–TMs–C samples with TMs = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu (all included with same atomic ratios) were prepared by mechanical milling and by mechanical alloying. Each 10-component alloy sample was examined structurally using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemically using Li/Sn–TM–C cells. The sample Sn10TMs80C10 showed a nanostructured or amorphous-type XRD pattern, which shows the validity of this principle. XRD patterns of samples prepared with higher Sn atomic content showed crystalline features of Sn-based intermetallics. As expected, a very low specific capacity ( [Formula: see text]100 mAh/g) was observed for the sample Sn10TMs80C10. The sample Sn30TMs30C40 had the highest specific capacity (near 400 mAh/g) of the samples prepared. However, features of Sn aggregation were noticed at cycle number 80 of the latter sample, which are normally detrimental to the capacity retention upon further cycling.

The Electrochemistry of Germanium Nitride Versus Lithium

2002 ◽  
Vol 756 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Pereira ◽  
M. Balasubramanian ◽  
L. Dupont ◽  
J. McBreen ◽  
L. C. Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Reversible Capacity ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Selective Area ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electrochemically Active ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Negative Electrode Material

ABSTRACTGermanium nitride (Ge3N4) was examined as a potential negative electrode material for Li-ion batteries. The electrochemistry of Ge3N4 versus Li showed high reversible capacity (500mAh/g) and good capacity retention during cycling. A combination of ex-situ and in-situ x-ray diffraction (XRD), ex-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ex-situ selective area electron diffraction (SAED) analyses revealed evidence supporting the conversion of a layer of Ge3N4 crystal into an amorphous Li3N+LixGe nanocomposite during the first lithiation. The nanocomposite was electrochemically active via a reversible Li-Ge alloying reaction while a core of unreacted Ge3N4 crystal remained inactive. The lithium/metal nitride conversion reaction process was kinetically hindered resulting in limited capacity. Mechanical milling was found to improve the material capacity.

scholarly journals First principles calculations and experiments for Cu-Mg/Li hydrides negative electrodes

2013 ◽  
Vol 1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H. Braga ◽  
V. Stockhausen ◽  
M. Wolverton ◽  
J.A. Ferreira ◽  
J.C.E. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
First Principles ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Hydrogen Desorption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Incoherent Neutron Scattering ◽  
Negative Electrodes ◽  
Work First ◽  
Negative Electrode Material ◽  
Incoherent Neutron

ABSTRACTWe have studied CuLi0.08Mg1.92 and determined that the compound reacts with hydrogen to form CuLi0.08Mg1.92H5 [1]. Additionally, we have proposed the compound as a negative electrode material which is the main purpose of the present study. Moreover, we have observed that the latter compound acts as a catalyst in the formation of MgH2, LiH, TiH2 [2] and hydrogen desorption. In this work, first principles and phonon calculations were performed in order to establish the reactions occurring at the negative electrode of a Li conversion battery in presence of CuLi0.08Mg1.92H5 and (Li) – solid solution of Mg in Li – approximately Li2Mg3. We have calculated the minimum theoretical specific capacity to be 1156 mAh/g (for an anode with 100% of CuLi0.08Mg1.92H5) and the △Eeq = 0.81 V (vs. Li+/Li) at 298 K. Furthermore, we have determined all the reactions occurring in the referred system and its sequence using Inelastic Incoherent Neutron Scattering (IINS) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD).

scholarly journals Demonstrating the steady performance of iron oxide composites over 2000 cycles at fast charge-rates for Li-ion batteries

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (46) ◽  
pp. 7348-7351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Sun ◽  
E. Madej ◽  
A. Genç ◽  
M. Muhler ◽  
J. Arbiol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Capacity Retention ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Oxide Composites ◽  
Negative Electrode Materials

The feasibility of using iron oxide as negative electrode materials for safe high-power Li-ion batteries is demonstrated by a carbon-coated FeOx/CNTs composite which delivered specific capacity retention of 84% (445 mA h g−1) after 2000 cycles at 2000 mA g−1 (4C).

scholarly journals Strong texturing of lithium metal in batteries

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (46) ◽  
pp. 12138-12143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifei Shi ◽  
Allen Pei ◽  
Arturas Vailionis ◽  
Jin Xie ◽  
Bofei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Anode Materials ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Cathode Side ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Negative Electrode Material

Lithium, with its high theoretical specific capacity and lowest electrochemical potential, has been recognized as the ultimate negative electrode material for next-generation lithium-based high-energy-density batteries. However, a key challenge that has yet to be overcome is the inferior reversibility of Li plating and stripping, typically thought to be related to the uncontrollable morphology evolution of the Li anode during cycling. Here we show that Li-metal texturing (preferential crystallographic orientation) occurs during electrochemical deposition, which governs the morphological change of the Li anode. X-ray diffraction pole-figure analysis demonstrates that the texture of Li deposits is primarily dependent on the type of additive or cross-over molecule from the cathode side. With adsorbed additives, like LiNO3 and polysulfide, the lithium deposits are strongly textured, with Li (110) planes parallel to the substrate, and thus exhibit uniform, rounded morphology. A growth diagram of lithium deposits is given to connect various texture and morphology scenarios for different battery electrolytes. This understanding of lithium electrocrystallization from the crystallographic point of view provides significant insight for future lithium anode materials design in high-energy-density batteries.

Multicomponent 5V Cathodes for Li-ion Batteries

2008 ◽  
Vol 1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata K. Gulbinska ◽  
Boris Ravdel ◽  
Svetlana Trebukhova ◽  
Brian N. Hult ◽  
Sanjeev Mukerjee
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanical Mixing ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Ion Intercalation ◽  
Synthesized Materials

ABSTRACTIn this study, the multicomponent electrode approach was used in an attempt to simultaneously improve the cell's specific energy values by shifting the cathode's voltage up to the 5V-region, combined with the increased specific capacity via addition of the second electrode component. The electrode materials were prepared by variety of synthetic methods (e.g. solid state, sol-gel, mechanical mixing etc.) and tested for lithium-ion intercalation properties. Structural properties and morphology of synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The prospective 5V cathode materials were investigated as cathodes in the cells with lithium-metal counter electrode.

scholarly journals Nanosized and metastable molybdenum oxides as negative electrode materials for durable high-energy aqueous Li-ion batteries

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (48) ◽  
pp. e2024969118
Author(s):  
Jeongsik Yun ◽  
Ryota Sagehashi ◽  
Yoshihiko Sato ◽  
Takuya Masuda ◽  
Satoshi Hoshino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Aqueous Electrolyte ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Negative Electrode Material ◽  
Negative Electrode Materials

The development of inherently safe energy devices is a key challenge, and aqueous Li-ion batteries draw large attention for this purpose. Due to the narrow electrochemical stable potential window of aqueous electrolytes, the energy density and the selection of negative electrode materials are significantly limited. For achieving durable and high-energy aqueous Li-ion batteries, the development of negative electrode materials exhibiting a large capacity and low potential without triggering decomposition of water is crucial. Herein, a type of a negative electrode material (i.e., LixNb2/7Mo3/7O2) is proposed for high-energy aqueous Li-ion batteries. LixNb2/7Mo3/7O2 delivers a large capacity of ∼170 mA ⋅ h ⋅ g−1 with a low operating potential range of 1.9 to 2.8 versus Li/Li+ in 21 m lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (LiTFSA) aqueous electrolyte. A full cell consisting of Li1.05Mn1.95O4/Li9/7Nb2/7Mo3/7O2 presents high energy density of 107 W ⋅ h ⋅ kg−1 as the maximum value in 21 m LiTFSA aqueous electrolyte, and 73% in capacity retention is achieved after 2,000 cycles. Furthermore, hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study reveals that a protective surface layer is formed at the surface of the negative electrode, by which the high-energy and durable aqueous batteries are realized with LixNb2/7Mo3/7O2. This work combines a high capacity with a safe negative electrode material through delivering the Mo-based oxide with unique nanosized and metastable characters.

Novel-shaped LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 prepared by a hydroxide coprecipitation method

2008 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 2537-2542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zexun Tang ◽  
Deshu Gao ◽  
Ping Chen ◽  
Zhaohui Li ◽  
Qiang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Specific Capacity ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Coprecipitation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Capacity Retention ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Hydroxide Coprecipitation

Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3(OH)2, a precursor of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 in new-generation Li-ion batteries, was prepared by a hydroxide coprecipitation method. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) micrographs reveal that the precursor particles thus obtained, show regular shape with uniform size under optimized conditions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates that well-ordered layer-structured LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 was prepared after calcination at high temperature. The final product exhibited a spherical morphology with uniform size distribution (10 μm in diameter). At the terminal charging voltage of 4.3 and 4.5 V (vs. Li/Li+), the testing cells of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 delivered a specific capacity of 161.2 and 184.1 mAh g-1, respectively. The high capacity retention of 98.0 and 96.1 % after charging to 4.3 and 4.5 V for 50 cycles, respectively, indicates that this material displays excellent cycling stability even at high cut-off voltage.

A neutron diffraction cell for studying lithium-insertion processes in electrode materials

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 823-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ö. Bergstöm ◽  
A. M. Andersson ◽  
K. Edström ◽  
T. Gustafsson
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Current Collector ◽  
Neutron Diffraction Study ◽  
Lithium Insertion ◽  
Lithium Electrode ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Li Ion

An electrochemical cell has been constructed forin situneutron diffraction studies of lithium-insertion/extraction processes in electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. Its key components are a Pyrex tube, gold plated on its inside, which functions as a current collector, and a central lithium rod, which serves as the negative electrode. The device is demonstrated here for a neutron diffraction study of lithium extraction from LiMn2O4: a mechanical Celgard©separator soaked in the electrolyte surrounds the lithium electrode. The LiMn2O4powder, mixed with electrolyte, occupies the space between separator and current collector.

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