25 years of movement monitoring on South Peak, Turtle Mountain: understanding the hazard

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey R. Froese ◽  
Francisco Moreno ◽  
Michel Jaboyedoff ◽  
David M. Cruden
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Rock Avalanche ◽  
Light Detection And Ranging ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Government Project ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Movement Monitoring ◽  
Deep Fractures

In 1981, an Alberta Government project upgraded the monitoring of South Peak, Turtle Mountain, on the south margin of the 1903 Frank Slide. The monitoring program aimed at understanding the rates of deformation over large, deep fractures encompassing South Peak and predicting a second large rock avalanche on the mountain. The monitoring program consisted of a complement of static ground points and remotely monitored targets measured periodically, and climatic, microseismic, and deformation data collected automatically on daily intervals and archived. In the late 1980s, developmental funding for the monitoring program ceased and some of the installations fell into disrepair. Between May 2004 and September 2006, readings from the remaining functional monitoring points were compiled and interpreted. In addition, readings compiled previously were re-interpreted based on a more recent understanding of short-term movement patterns and climatic influences. These observations were compared with recent observations from an airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) digital elevation model and field photographs to give more precise estimates of the overall rates, extent, and patterns of motion for the past 25 years.

scholarly journals Strengths of Exaggerated Tsunami-Originated Placenames: Disaster Subculture in Sanriku Coast, Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzuru Isoda ◽  
Akio Muranaka ◽  
Go Tanibata ◽  
Kazumasa Hanaoka ◽  
Junzo Ohmura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Sanriku Coast ◽  
The Past ◽  
Disaster Experience ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Disaster Subculture ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Elevation Model

Disaster-originated placename is a kind of disaster subculture that is used for a practical purpose of identifying a location while reminding the past disaster experience. They are expected to transmit the risks and knowledge of high-risk low-frequency natural hazards, surviving over time and generations. This paper compares the perceptions to tsunami-originated placenames in local communities having realistic and exaggerated origins in Sanriku Coast, Japan. The reality of tsunami-originated placenames is first assessed by comparing the tsunami run-ups indicated in the origins and that of the tsunami in the Great East Japan Earthquake 2011 using GIS and digital elevation model. Considerable proportions of placenames had exaggerated origins, but the group interviews to local communities revealed that origins indicating unrealistic tsunami run-ups were more believed than that of the more realistic ones. We discuss that accurate hazard information will be discredited if it contradicts to the people’s everyday life and the desire for safety, and even imprecise and ambiguous information can survive if it is embedded to a system of local knowledge that consistently explains the various facts in a local area that requires explanation.

scholarly journals The 1513 Monte Crenone rock avalanche: numerical model and geomorphological analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
Alessandro De Pedrini ◽  
Christian Ambrosi ◽  
Cristian Scapozza
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Rock Avalanche ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
Field Mapping ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Lake Formation ◽  
Detachment Zone ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Geomorphological Analysis

Abstract. As a contribution to the knowledge of historical rockslides, this research focuses on the historical reconstruction, field mapping, and simulation of the expansion, through numerical modelling, of the 30 September 1513 Monte Crenone rock avalanche. Earth observation in 2-D and 3-D, as well as direct in situ field mapping, allowed the detachment zone and the perimeter and volume of the accumulation to be determined. Thanks to the reconstruction of the post-event digital elevation model based on historical topographic maps and the numerical modelling with the RAMMS::DEBRISFLOW software, the dynamics and runout of the rock avalanche were calibrated and reconstructed. The reconstruction of the runout model allowed confirmation of the historical data concerning this event, particularly the damming of the valley floor and the lake formation up to an elevation of 390 m a.s.l., which generated an enormous flood by dam breaching on 20 May 1515, known as the “Buzza di Biasca”.

scholarly journals Mapping of geological structural features in Lolgorien, Narok County, Kenya: Using hillshade analysis

1970 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 442-456
Author(s):  
Sammy O Ombiro ◽  
Akinade S Olatunji ◽  
Eliud M Mathu ◽  
Taiwo R Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Srtm Dem ◽  
Banded Iron Formations ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Iron Formations

Despite Lolgorien being one of the most active gold mining areas in Kenya, it is one of the most geologically understudied areas. To the best knowledge of the authors, Lolgorien geological map was last updated in the 1940s. Current technologies such as remote sensing allow new structural features such as faults to be easily identified. In this regard, this study employed remote sensed data to map structural features found in and around Lolgorien Subcounty, Narok, Kenya. This was done to identify any new structural features that might have been missed in the past. Shuttle Radar 152 Topography Mission Digital Elevation Model (SRTM-DEM) image was downloaded and analysed using hillshade technique. From this analysis, the research identified new structural features which were not included in the current geological map but exist on the ground. One such structural feature (fault) is located approximately at 9866237, 703601 (Universal Transverse Mercator, UTM coordinates) and trends in NW–SE direction. The study also found that most of the lineaments are concentrated in the southern part of Lolgorien area and around or at areas dominated by the banded iron formations. Petrographic analysis of the few samples collected from the area showed presence of gold, pyrite and chalcopyrite mineralisation. Keywords: SRTM-DEM, lineaments, geological structures, hillshade analysis, Lolgorien area  

scholarly journals Assessing ice-cliff backwasting and its contribution to total ablation of debris-covered Miage glacier, Mont Blanc massif, Italy

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (219) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.D. Reid ◽  
B.W. Brock
Keyword(s):  
Field Measurements ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Debris Cover ◽  
Continuous Surface ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Miage Glacier ◽  
Mont Blanc Massif

AbstractContinuous surface debris cover strongly reduces the ablation of glaciers, but high melt rates may occur at ice cliffs that are too steep to hold debris. This study assesses the contribution of ice-cliff backwasting to total ablation of Miage glacier, Mont Blanc massif, Italy, in 2010 and 2011, based on field measurements, physical melt models and mapping of ice cliffs using a high-resolution (1 m) digital elevation model (DEM). Short-term model calculations closely match the measured melt rates. A model sensitivity analysis indicates that the effects of cliff slope and albedo are more important for ablation than enhanced longwave incidence from sun-warmed debris or reduced turbulent fluxes at sheltered cliff bases. Analysis of the DEM indicates that ice cliffs account for at most 1.3% of the 1 m pixels in the glacier’s debris-covered zone, but application of a distributed model indicates that ice cliffs account for ~7.4% of total ablation. We conclude that ice cliffs make an important contribution to the ablation of debris-covered glaciers, even when their spatial extent is very small.

scholarly journals Mapeamento das áreas de armazenamento de água em depressão, usando dados LIDAR: Estudo de caso avenida Caxangá

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 058
Author(s):  
Camila Gardenea de Almeida Bandim ◽  
Josiclêda Domiciano Galvíncio
Keyword(s):  
Water Storage ◽  
Light Detection And Ranging ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Lidar System ◽  
Light Detection ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model

O objetivo deste estudo consiste em avaliar as áreas inundáveis em Recife, com especial atenção à avenida Caxangá.  Iniciando uma análise sobre a drenagem convencional utilizando a tecnologia LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging). Os dados empregados neste trabalho foram captados pelo sistema LIDAR e possuem 50 cm de resolução, sendo um total de 12 quadrículas xyz para a constituição do mosaico Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) da avenida Caxangá, com destaque para as quadrículas 81_50-05 e 81_60-05, partindo dessas foram geradas as direções e acúmulos de fluxo. Os resultados obtidos enfatizam a alta resolução através da nítida visualização de elementos naturais e artificiais, e ainda o nivelamento do terreno. Em seguida, observa-se o acúmulo de fluxo que exibe as diferentes direções e acúmulos do escoamento superficial, ainda se percebe a influência na drenagem urbana das construções antrópicas e da vegetação em locais pontuais da avenida Caxangá. Em conclusão os dados do sistema LIDAR responderam positivamente, tanto na captação na modelagem do terreno e topografia artificial, como também para as gerações de direções e acúmulo de fluxos apresentando maiores valores para áreas depressivas naturais e antropizadas. Sendo destaque neste estudo as áreas antropizadas por provocarem problemas de desastres naturais. Conclui-se que as áreas antropizadas exercem um importante papel na drenagem urbana.  Mapping water storage areas in depression, using LIDAR data: Caxangá Avenida case study A B S T R A C TThe objective of this study is to evaluate the floodable areas in Recife, with special attention to Avenida Caxangá. Starting an analysis on conventional drainage using LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) technology. The data used in this work were captured by the LIDAR system and have 50 cm of resolution, with a total of 12 xyz squares for the constitution of the Digital Elevation Model (MDE) mosaic on Avenida Caxangá, with emphasis on the squares 81_50-05 and 81_60 -05, from these directions and flow accumulations were generated. The results obtained emphasize the high resolution through the clear visualization of natural and artificial elements, as well as the leveling of the terrain. Then, there is the accumulation of flow that shows the different directions and accumulations of runoff, the influence on the urban drainage of anthropic buildings and vegetation in specific places on Avenida Caxangá is still perceived. In conclusion, the data from the LIDAR system responded positively, both in capturing terrain modeling and artificial topography, as well as for generations of directions and accumulation of flows, presenting higher values for natural and anthropized depressive areas. Being highlighted in this study the areas anthropized because they cause problems of natural disasters. It is concluded that anthropized areas play an important role in urban drainage.Keywords: Geoprocessing. Remote sensing. Urbanization. Urban flood. drainage

scholarly journals r.randomwalk v1.0, a multi-functional conceptual tool for mass movement routing

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 8193-8237 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mergili ◽  
J. Krenn ◽  
H.-J. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Rock Avalanche ◽  
R Software ◽  
Impact Indicator ◽  
Conceptual Tool ◽  
Outburst Floods ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Indicator Score

Abstract. We introduce r.randomwalk, a flexible and multi-functional open source tool for backward- and forward-analyses of mass movement propagation. r.randomwalk builds on GRASS GIS, the R software for statistical computing and the programming languages Python and C. Using constrained random walks, mass points are routed from defined release pixels of one to many mass movements through a digital elevation model until a defined break criterion is reached. Compared to existing tools, the major innovative features of r.randomwalk are: (i) multiple break criteria can be combined to compute an impact indicator score, (ii) the uncertainties of break criteria can be included by performing multiple parallel computations with randomized parameter settings, resulting in an impact indicator index in the range 0–1, (iii) built-in functions for validation and visualization of the results are provided, (iv) observed landslides can be back-analyzed to derive the density distribution of the observed angles of reach. This distribution can be employed to compute impact probabilities for each pixel. Further, impact indicator scores and probabilities can be combined with release indicator scores or probabilities, and with exposure indicator scores. We demonstrate the key functionalities of r.randomwalk (i) for a single event, the Acheron Rock Avalanche in New Zealand, (ii) for landslides in a 61.5 km2 study area in the Kao Ping Watershed, Taiwan; and (iii) for lake outburst floods in a 2106 km2 area in the Gunt Valley, Tajikistan.

scholarly journals Glacier area changes in the Pumqu river basin, Tibetan Plateau, between the 1970s and 2001

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (175) ◽  
pp. 607-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Jin ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Tao Che ◽  
Lizong Wu ◽  
Pradeep Mool
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Remote Sensing Images ◽  
Glacier Inventory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model

AbstractGlacier area changes in the Pumqu river basin, Tibetan Plateau, between the 1970s and 2001 are analyzed, based on the Chinese Glacier Inventory and ASTER images. A new glacier inventory is obtained by visually interpreting the remote-sensing images and the digital elevation model. By comparing the two inventories, glacier area changes over the past 30 years are revealed. The results show that the area loss is about 9.0% and the shrinkage trend continues according to the meteorological data.

scholarly journals r.randomwalk v1, a multi-functional conceptual tool for mass movement routing

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 4027-4043 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mergili ◽  
J. Krenn ◽  
H.-J. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Rock Avalanche ◽  
R Software ◽  
Impact Indicator ◽  
Conceptual Tool ◽  
Outburst Floods ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Indicator Score

Abstract. We introduce r.randomwalk, a flexible and multi-functional open-source tool for backward and forward analyses of mass movement propagation. r.randomwalk builds on GRASS GIS (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System – Geographic Information System), the R software for statistical computing and the programming languages Python and C. Using constrained random walks, mass points are routed from defined release pixels of one to many mass movements through a digital elevation model until a defined break criterion is reached. Compared to existing tools, the major innovative features of r.randomwalk are (i) multiple break criteria can be combined to compute an impact indicator score; (ii) the uncertainties of break criteria can be included by performing multiple parallel computations with randomized parameter sets, resulting in an impact indicator index in the range 0–1; (iii) built-in functions for validation and visualization of the results are provided; (iv) observed landslides can be back analysed to derive the density distribution of the observed angles of reach. This distribution can be employed to compute impact probabilities for each pixel. Further, impact indicator scores and probabilities can be combined with release indicator scores or probabilities, and with exposure indicator scores. We demonstrate the key functionalities of r.randomwalk for (i) a single event, the Acheron rock avalanche in New Zealand; (ii) landslides in a 61.5 km2 study area in the Kao Ping Watershed, Taiwan; and (iii) lake outburst floods in a 2106 km2 area in the Gunt Valley, Tajikistan.

scholarly journals Palaeotopography concerning sea level changes to rethink past human activities in central Dalmatian islands area, Adriatic Sea

2018 ◽  
pp. 143-156
Author(s):  
Tomaž Podobnikar
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Landscape Archaeology ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gis Tools ◽  
Data Quality Assessment ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model

Environmental conditions and access to natural resources are important factors for human behaviour and choices about where to make settlements. This important information must be understood and abstracted into appropriate spatial datasets, so as to be modelled in geographic information systems (GIS). The main objective is to design and realize a seamless integrated digital elevation model (DEM) from several data sources, including bathymetry. The important focus of this paper is to collect and interpret the sea level data for the Central Dalmatian islands over the past 15,000 years, describing the entire case study’s implementation in terms of hydrology, landscape archaeology, geodesy, data quality assessment, and spatial analysis. The results demonstrate that the proposed model has the potential to rethink the archaeological theories of settlement patterns in the studied area. The limitation of the proposed study is a lower quality of bathymetric datasets, and the determination of the historical sea level due to a number of uncertain factors. The work has profound implications in terms of the developed GIS tools that make it possible to generate reliable datasets and simulate various scenarios, as well as for a non-destructive prediction of the past archaeological landscapes. The solution may help increase awareness about cultural heritage, environmental conservation, and climate change.

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