Impacts of permafrost degradation on a road embankment at Umiujaq in Nunavik (Quebec), Canada

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 720-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Fortier ◽  
Anne-Marie LeBlanc ◽  
Wenbing Yu
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Sand Layer ◽  
Geophysical Investigation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Access Road ◽  
Discontinuous Permafrost ◽  
Snow Fence ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Differential subsidence of as much as 0.85 m is affecting the access road to Umiujaq Airport in Nunavik (Quebec), Canada, located in the discontinuous permafrost zone. A geotechnical and geophysical investigation including piezocone test, ground-penetrating radar profiling, electrical resistivity tomography, and numerical modeling of the thermal regime of the road embankment and subgrade is presented to characterize the ground stratigraphy and permafrost conditions and to assess the exact causes and effects of permafrost degradation on the road embankment. The subsidence is due to thaw consolidation taking place in a layer of ice-rich silt underneath a superficial sand layer. While the seasonal freeze–thaw cycles were initially restricted to the sand layer, the thawing front has now reached the thaw-unstable ice-rich silt layer. According to our numerical modeling, the increase in air temperature recently observed in Nunavik cannot be the sole cause of the observed subsidence affecting this engineering structure. The thick embankment also acts as a snow fence favoring the accumulation of snow on the embankment shoulders. The permafrost degradation is also due to the thermal insulation of the snow cover reducing heat loss in the embankment shoulders and toes.

scholarly journals Studies on the impact of the technical characteristics of local roads on road safety

2019 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 05006
Author(s):  
Stanisław Gaca ◽  
Mariusz Kieć
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Accident Prediction ◽  
The Road ◽  
Access Road ◽  
Local Roads ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact

Local roads (district roads) constitute an important part of the road network in Poland, making up around 29.7 % (124,945 km) of all public roads. In 2017, 10,578 accidents, which is 35.7% of all accidents in Poland, took place on local roads. These roads are used primarily by regular users who are very familiar with the defects of these roads. This means that the effects of the low technical standard of local roads and the insufficient number of road traffic devices on the safety on the road can be partly compensated for by the fact that drivers adjust their behaviour to the conditions on the road. This hypothesis can be verified through developing dependency models of road safety measures of local roads’ and technical characteristics. The article presents the research carried out based on regression models of accident prediction. The models were developed with the use of the data on the road surroundings arrangement (built-up areas, access), road condition and the extent of signposting, including data on speed limits and overtaking as well as risk exposure variables. Due to the incomplete data on accidents and the small number of accidents, different approaches to the modelling of the number of road accidents were applied.

scholarly journals The Drive towards Optimization of Road Lighting Energy Consumption Based on Mesopic Vision—A Suburban Street Case Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1175
Author(s):  
Irena Fryc ◽  
Dariusz Czyżewski ◽  
Jiajie Fan ◽  
Catalin D. Gălăţanu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Luminance Level ◽  
Night Vision ◽  
Mesopic Vision ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Lighting ◽  
Access Road ◽  
Lighting Energy ◽  
On The Road

This paper presents the research of optimization of road lighting energy consumption by utilizing the fact of human twilight and night vision (mesopic vision) dependency on luminance level and lamp’s light spectral composition. The research was conducted for a suburban street illuminated by smart LED road luminaires with a luminous flux control system with which different luminance levels can be achieved on the road. This road is an access road leading to a town located on the outskirts of Warsaw which is the capital of Poland and a large metropolitan area. Therefore, the traffic here is quite heavy on this road in the morning and in the evening and it is very light at other times of the day. In accordance with EN 13201 standard, lighting control can be applied to illuminate this road. This paper compares energy consumption for different lighting scenarios of the road in question. In the first scenario, the road luminance is compliant with M4, M5, and M6 lighting class requirements depending on the time of the day. In the second scenario, for each M lighting class, the values of luminance levels provided by EN 13201 standard have been reduced to the values resulting from their conversion to the corresponding mesopic luminance values. The conducted research has shown that a 15% saving per year in electricity consumption on the road is possible with such a conversion. Therefore, energy efficiency of a lighting installation can be improved by matching the lighting levels provided by the standard to the mesopic vision.

scholarly journals GPR Application for Risks Detection in Subsurface Engineering Construction Projects

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Gamil Alsharahi ◽  
Ahmed Faize ◽  
Carmen Maftei ◽  
Abdellah Driouach
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Engineering Construction ◽  
The Road ◽  
Natural Terrain ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Subsurface Engineering ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Frequency Pulse

Abstract The aim of this work is to study and explore the causes of the landslide in different locations using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) technology. GPR uses the electromagnetic method related the high-frequency pulse that used widely in various field. The experimental study focused on the investigation of the landslide in the road by GPR method with antenna 200 MHz. The landslides become serious problems and required various technique and methods to investigate it in several places. GPR measurements present a useful technique for studies and investigation of the problem. The GPR can be categorized in the first place as an experimental method surveys landslide depths were recognized at 1-10 m below the natural terrain level. The results obtained revealed the causes of landslides on the road.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH BOTOL PLASTIK MENJADI PLASTICNET SEBAGAI BAHAN SEPARASI DAN PERKUATAN PADA LAPISAN PERKERASAN JALAN RAYA DI DAERAH TERPENCIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Dedy Dharmawansyah ◽  
Eti Kurniati
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
The Road ◽  
The People ◽  
Access Road ◽  
On The Road

Road infrastructure is one of the important tools in the civil engineering participation in developing the transportation system in Indonesia. It is a central element in the development of the region and the improvement of the economy community. Development of a good road network will have an impact on inter-regional connectivity which is getting easier and it can improve the economy of the people in the region. Nowdays, damage on remote areas had not been optimizing hadling. The Generally soil improvement on the road was using methods such as road packer, Prevabricated Vertical Drain (PVD) or geosynthetic material. But the materials are still relatively expensive to be applied to remote areas which have a bad access road. The research is related to plasticnet aims to obtain alternatives in soil improvement, especially as separators and reinforcement. This research was preceded by did the simulation of tensile strength in plastic material to determine the maximum tensile strength of this material. The next stage is the plastic rope from used bottles that have been cut by using a simple cutting tool, then the net is made with the distance between nets is 5 cm to 20 cm and the overall dimensions produced are about 2 x 3 m. Field testing is carried out by installing a plasticnet on the pavement layer plan on the condition of the layer in dry and wet conditions (saturated with water). Of this condition then it will be able to simulated by giving a vehicle load that is carried out repeatedly. The expected target of this research is to obtain alternative new materials that can be used to separate material and also as pavement layer reinforcement on highway construction that is cheap and efficient, especially for application in remote areas that are difficult to get geosynthetic material.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KINERJA JALAN PADA RUAS JALAN LINTAS MEULABOH – TAPAK TUAN KABUPATEN NAGAN RAYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilma Erliana ◽  
Cut Liliza Yusra ◽  
Farzi Rizka
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Section ◽  
Access Road ◽  
Road Performance ◽  
On The Road

Abstract The Meulaboh - Tapak Tuan road is the main access road linking several districts, Aceh Barat, Aceh Barat Daya, Aceh Selatan, and Aceh Tengah. After the earthquake and tsunami hit Aceh, its economies experienced rapid growth. This greatly influences the distribution of traffic volume on specific road segments, including the increasingly congested Meulaboh - Tapak Tuan roads. As a result, the number of private vehicles is increasing. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the performance of roads in the area based on the Indonesian Road Capacity Manual, as well as to analyze the level of road services at present and in the future. The analysis of the road performance can be measure by several indicators such as traffic flow (Q), capacity (C), degree of saturation (DS), free flow velocity (FV), and level of service on the road section. The calculations were obtained from 3 days direct observation in the field from 07:00 to 19:00 with Monday and Thursday representing workdays and Saturday representing weekend. The highest conversion value of traffic flow in 2020 was 1357 pcu/hour for (Q), 2654 pcu/hour for the actual capacity value (C), and 0.51 for the degree of saturation (DS). The analysis results show that the degree of saturation < 0.75. According to Marga (1997), it is considered in good condition with smooth traffic flow at the service level of C. The road performance analysis for the next five years for traffic flow was 2093 pcu/hour for Q and 0.79 for the degree of saturation (DS). The service level is categorized as level D. It is necessary to find solutions and alternatives to reduce the degree of saturation (DS) value by increasing the value of capacity. Keywords: Road Performance, Traffic Volume, Service Level __________________________ Abstrak Ruas jalan lintas Meulaboh – Tapak Tuan merupakan akses yang menghubungkan beberapa kabupaten yaitu Aceh Barat, Aceh Barat Daya, Aceh Selatan, Aceh tengah dan lainnya. Pasca gempa dan tsunami menerjang, pertumbuhan ekonomi pada Provinsi Aceh mengalami kemajuan yang cukup pesat. Hal ini sangat mempengaruhi penyebaran volume lalu lintas pada ruas-ruas jalan tertentu termasuk ruas jalan lintas Meulaboh – Tapak Tuan semakin padat. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan evaluasi kinerja terhadap ruas jalan pada kawasan tersebut berdasarkan Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia, dan menganalisis tingkat pelayanan jalan pada saat ini maupun di masa yang akan datang. Dalam menganalisis kinerja ruas jalan indikator kinerja yang dibutuhkan yaitu arus lalu lintas (Q), kapasitas (C), derajat Kejenuhan (DS), Kecepatan arus bebas (FV) dan tingkat pelayanan pada raus jalan tersebut. Hasil perhitungan yang di dapat selama 3 hari pengamatan langsung di lapangan dari pukul 07.00-19.00 wib yaitu hari senin dan kamis mewakili hari kerja, hari sabtu mewakili hari libur. Didapat nilai konversi tertinggi arus lalu lintas pada Tahun 2020 (Q) sebesar 1357 smp/jam, nilai kapasitas aktual (C) sebesar 2654 smp/jam, derajat kejenuhan (DS) sebesar 0,51. Dari hasil perhitungan didapat derajat kejenuhan < 0,75 (Marga, 1997) dianggap dalam kondisi baik, arus stabil, kecepatan dipengaruhi oleh lalu lintas dengan tingkat pelayanan C. Perhitungan analisis kinerja jalan pada 5 tahun mendatang yaitu untuk arus lalu lintas Tahun 2025 (Q) sebesar 2093 smp/jam derajat kejenuhan (DS) sebesar 0,79 tingkat pelayanannya dikategorikan tingkat D. Hal tersebut dapat dicari solusi terbaik sehingga dapat menurunkan nilai derajat kejenuhan (DS) dengan cara meningkatkan nilai kapasitas. Kata Kunci: Kinerja Ruas Jalan, Volume Lalu Lintas, Tingkat pelayanan __________________________

scholarly journals Living snow fences for protection of roads: case study crest Čestobrodica

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Mladen Marković ◽  
Sara Lukić ◽  
Aleksandar Baumgertel ◽  
Marko Maslaković
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Snow Storage ◽  
Road Section ◽  
Snow Fence ◽  
Downwind Side ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Snow Fences

Snowdrifts caused by wind gusts reduce visibility on the road which endangers traffic safety, increases travel time and road maintenance costs. Based on previous experience and research it has been proven that living snow fence is an economical, ecological and efficient solution for protection of roads from snowdrifts. Living snow fences with their above-ground part, reduce the wind speed, act as a mechanical barrier for the snow and accumulate a certain amount of snow. This study presented use and efficiency of living snow fence in controlling snowdrifts on the road section Paraćin-Zaječar, locality – crest Čestobrodica. Analysis of environmental conditions, which are resented main endangering factor for snowdrifts, included the determination of indicators of possibility of snowdrifts: snowfall water equivalent (Swe), snow transport (Q) and ability of living snow fence to prevent snowdrifts: snow storage capacity of the fance (Qc). Snow storage capacity for living snow fence is analyzed for ten year period. Using equation for estimation of length of snowdrifts on downwind side of fance, a change in length of snowdrifts during the analyzed period are determin, and the efficiency of living snow fence in protection of the road from snowdrifts with increasing age.The results of this study represent a contribution to using living snow fence in solving the problem of roads protection from snowdrifts and increasing traffic safety during winter conditions.

scholarly journals An Integrated Approach in Geophysical Investigation of Road Failure in Crystalline Basement Area of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 248-256
Author(s):  
Olabanji Adeolu Ojo ◽  
Victor Adejumo ◽  
Obaromi Olubunmi
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Basement Rock ◽  
Geophysical Investigation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Resistivity Method ◽  
Weathered Layer ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Method ◽  
Ground Penetrating

The result of the geophysical investigation carried out to access the cause of road failure and remediation measures along Ilesha-Osogbo expressway, Osun State, South-western Nigeria is presented. The study involved integrating the dipole-dipole technique of electrical resistivity method with the ground penetrating radar (GPR) method. Two dipole-dipole traverses, one long and 20 short GPR profiles were established across the failed section of the road. The dipole-dipole data were interpreted using the Diprowin software to produce the pseudo-section while the GPR data were interpreted using the RadProwin to produce the radargram. The result revealed that the failed road exhibit incompetent layer of resistivity values ranging between 17 Ωm to 171 Ωm lying between two competent layers of resistivity values greater than 200 Ωm. A combination of the dipole-dipole technique and the GPR techniques revealed the depth extend to failure to about 4.5 meters to 5 meters deep which overlie a basement rock of undifferentiated gneiss, a rock that is easily prone to weathering. The water level was observed to occur at shallow depth of about 2 meters and infiltrates the entire weathered layer. The shallow groundwater level coupled with the water-logged clayey layer derived from the weathered materials from basement rock were found responsible for the failure of this section of the road. The study recommends the excavation of the waterlogged clayey layer to a depth of about 5 to 6 meters deep into the subsurface and replacement first with heavy boulders of granitic materials and later overlaid with a thick layer of highly resistive landfill materials such as laterite. The result of the two techniques used in this work have proved to be supportive due to the integration of the double dipole technique with the GPR technique, a relatively new technique recently being introduced into road failure mapping.

Community Colleges: Vital Partners on the Road to Diversity

ASHA Leader ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelly S. Chabon ◽  
Ruth E. Cain
Keyword(s):  
Community Colleges ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

The Role of Crushes on the Road to Autonomy

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 18-19
Author(s):  
MICHAEL S. JELLINEK
Keyword(s):  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

Homoeroticism Beats Homophobia on the Road

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Manier
Keyword(s):  
The Road ◽  
On The Road
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