scholarly journals THE REDUCTIVE DIMERIZATION OF N-BENZYLIDENE ANILINE

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (21) ◽  
pp. 2497-2502 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Smith ◽  
C. Doreen Veach
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
Reductive Dimerization ◽  
Nonpolar Solvents ◽  
Diastereomeric Mixture ◽  
Metal Adducts ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The formation of alkali metal adducts of N-benzylidene aniline in several inert solvents is studied by protonolysis of the adducts and analysis of the reaction products, the diastereomeric N,N′,1,2-tetraphenylethylenediamines. With sodium and potassium metal in polar solvents, the product is predominantly the dd,ll diamine. With lithium metal or with solvents of low polarity, the product contains approximately equal quantities of the two diastereomers.It is demonstrated that the initially formed diastereomeric mixture generally contains appreciable amounts of the meso isomer. In polar solvents with sodium, isomerization to the stable dd,ll diastereomer occurs. However, with lithium or with sodium in nonpolar solvents, the isomerization does not occur. The reasons for the preponderance of the dd,ll-disodio compound in the equilibrating systems are discussed.

Electron transfer reactions from alkali metal surfaces to (±) and (S)-(−)-1,3-dimethoxy-1,1-diphenylbutane. Studies on 1,3-elimination

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2464-2470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry M. Walborsky ◽  
Martha Pass Murari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Charge Radius ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Transfer Reactions ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
Sodium Metal ◽  
Pure Product ◽  
Optically Pure ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The 1,3-elimination of methoxide by carbanions generated from the reaction of (±)-1,3-dimethoxy-1,1-diphenylbutane with the alkali metals, lithium, sodium, and potassium, in various solvents was studied to determine the significance of cation–methoxyl coordination due to decreasing charge/radius ratio of the cations and also the cation complexing ability of the solvent. The stereochemistry of cyclization in the reaction of (S)-(−)-1,3-dimethoxy-1,1-diphenylbutane with lithium metal in tetrahydrofuran and with sodium metal in methylcyclohexane to yield 1-methyl-2,2-diphenylcyclopropane was determined. The reaction proceeded by an intramolecular SN2-type displacement to yield optically pure product of inverted configuration.

Alkali metal adducts of benzophenone azine. I. The sodium and potassium adducts

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1904-1914 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. MacPherson ◽  
James G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Methyl Iodide ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Methyl Benzoate ◽  
Ethyl Chloroformate ◽  
Methylene Iodide ◽  
Benzylic Carbon ◽  
Metal Adducts ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Contrary to previous reports, the reaction between benzophenone azine and sodium or potassium produces an adduct containing 2 g-atoms of alkali metal per mole of azine. The chemical reactions of this dianion have been examined and a 1,2-dianionic structure is most consistent with its chemical behavior.Treatment of the adduct with methyl iodide, 1,3-dibromopropane, or 1,4-dibromobutane results in alkylation on the benzylic carbon and adjacent nitrogen. However, regeneration of benzophenone azine occurred with methylene iodide, 1,2-dibromoethane, and benzyl chloride.With ethyl chloroformate, reaction occurred at the carbanionic center to form an intermediate unstable anion. This anion could be protonated or alkylated but if allowed to stand, decomposed to diphenyldiazomethane and the anion of ethyl diphenylacetate.Reaction of the benzophenone azine dianion with methyl benzoate is quite complicated and leads to substantial amounts of benzophenone azine being regenerated by electron transfer. That portion of the dianion which is not converted to azine reacts with methyl benzoate to produce the anion of α-benzamido- α,α-diphenylacetophenone.The possibility that an adduct of N-benzoyl benzophenone imine is an intermediate in this last reaction is examined and rejected.

Alkali metal adducts of benzophenone azine. II. The lithium adduct

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1915-1918 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. MacPherson ◽  
James G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
Organolithium Compounds ◽  
Metal Adducts ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The behavior of benzophenone azine towards lithium has been studied. Unlike sodium and potassium, lithium effected extensive reduction and cleavage of benzophenone azine; the reaction product being benzhydryl amine. By limiting the amount of lithium to 2 g-atoms per mole of azine, the reaction product was shown to be N-lithiobenzophenone imine on the basis of its chemical behavior.Two reasons are advanced to explain the behavior of lithium in contrast to that of sodium or potassium. One explanation relies upon the greater reducing power of lithium compared with the other two alkali metals. The other relies upon the tendency of organolithium compounds to associate via formation of multi-center bonds.

scholarly journals Regeneration of Spent Lubricant Refining Clays by Solvent Extraction

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-zhen Wang ◽  
Hai-long Xu ◽  
Li Gao ◽  
Meng-meng Yan ◽  
Hong-ling Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Nonpolar Solvents ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
Storage Times

Step-by-step solvent extraction was used to regenerate spent clay by recovering the adsorbed oil in lubricating oil refining clay. Several polar and nonpolar solvents were tested, and petroleum ether (90–120°C) and ethanol (95 v%) were selected as the nonpolar and polar solvents, respectively. The spent clay was first extracted using petroleum ether (90–120°C) to obtain ideal oil and then extracted with a mixed solvent of petroleum ether (90–120°C) and ethanol (95 v%) two or three times to obtain nonideal oil before being extracted with ethanol and water. Finally, the clay was dried at 130°C to obtain regenerated clay. The total oil recovery can be more than 99 wt% of the adsorbed oil. The recovered ideal oil can be used as lubricating base oil. Shorter storage times for spent clay produce better regeneration results. The regenerated clay can be reused to refine the lubricating base oils.

scholarly journals Emission of Noble Gases Binary Mixtures under Excitation by the Products of the 6Li (n, α)3 H Nuclear Reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kuanysh Samarkhanov ◽  
Mendykhan Khasenov ◽  
Erlan Batyrbekov ◽  
Inesh Kenzhina ◽  
Yerzhan Sapatayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reaction ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Noble Gases ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The luminescence of Kr-Xe, Ar-Kr, and Ar-Xe mixtures was studied in the spectral range 300–970 nm when excited by 6Li (n, α)3 H nuclear reaction products in the core of a nuclear reactor. Lithium was deposited on walls of experimental cell in the form of a capillary-porous structure, which made it possible to measure up to a temperature of 730 K. The temperature dependence of the radiation intensity of noble gas atoms, alkali metals, and heteronuclear ionic noble gas molecules was studied. Also, as in the case of single-component gases, the appearance of lithium lines and impurities of sodium and potassium is associated with vaporization during the release of nuclear reaction products from the lithium layer. The excitation of lithium atoms occurs mainly as a result of the Penning process of lithium atoms on noble gas atoms in the 1s states and subsequent ion-molecular reactions. Simultaneous radiation at transitions of atoms of noble gases and lithium, heteronuclear ion molecules of noble gases allows us to increase the efficiency of direct conversion of nuclear energy into light.

Gas-phase fragmentation of metal adducts of alkali-metal oxalate salts

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Hale ◽  
Chang-Ching Chan ◽  
Carl S. Weisbecker ◽  
Athula B. Attygalle
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Metal Oxalate ◽  
Metal Adducts ◽  
Gas Phase Fragmentation

Liquefaction Properties of Alanine Hydrosulfate Ionic Liquid on Pine

2014 ◽  
Vol 525 ◽  
pp. 177-180
Author(s):  
Jian Hua Huang ◽  
Hong Lu Xie ◽  
Guo Feng Zou
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfate ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment Design ◽  
Nonpolar Solvents ◽  
Strong Acidity

Ionic liquid containing alanine cations and hydrogen sulfate was synthesized using alanine and sulfuric acid as materials. Fourier Transform Infrared Specctrometer was used to verify the final product. The results showed that the objective product was developed successfully. General properties of the final product were detected. The results showed that strong acidity, large viscosity, soluble in polar solvents and insoluble in nonpolar solvents were the products properties which were suitable for liquefying. The liquefaction rate of ionic liquid on pine was studied. Study the optimum liquefaction condition using the method of orthogonal experiment design. By stirring at 120°C for 2 hours using ionic liquid with the concentration of 80% and with the mass ratio of 30, liquefaction rate of ionic liquid on pine was high.

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