Densities and apparent molar volumes of aqueous NaCl–KBr mixtures at 298.15 K

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 3200-3202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
High Ionic Strength ◽  
Apparent Molar Volumes ◽  
Excess Volumes ◽  
Pitzer Equations ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Pitzer Formalism ◽  
Volumes Of Mixing

Experimental differences in densities Δd of aqueous NaCl–KBr mixtures at I = 1, 2, 3, and 4 mol kg−1 and at 298.15 K are reported from pure NaCl to pure KBr solutions. Mean apparent molar volumes [Formula: see text] are calculated and excess volumes of mixing [Formula: see text] are correlated by Friedman equation, Δd and [Formula: see text] are analysed in terms of recently developed the Pitzer formalism without and with mixing terms. Pitzer equations can estimate the densities of such mixtures with uncommon cations and anions within ±0.02% at the high ionic strength of 4 mol kg−1.

Thermodynamic modeling of metal-ligand interactions in high ionic strength NaCl solutions: the Co2+-oxalate system

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (9-11) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Borkowski ◽  
Gregory R. Choppin ◽  
Robert C. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Stability Constant ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
High Ionic Strength ◽  
Pitzer Equations ◽  
Ligand Interactions ◽  
Oxalate Ion ◽  
Apparent Stability ◽  
Metal Ligand

First and second apparent stability constants for cobalt(II) with oxalate ion have been determined using solvent extraction. Data were collected in 0.3 m to 5.0 m NaCl aqueous solutions. The logarithms of first stability constant ranged from 3.30 ± 0.03 to 3.57 ± 0.03 and second stability constant ranged from 5.49 ± 0.05 to 6.02 ± 0.06. The data were modeled using the Pitzer equations. For the 1:1 complex, values of the μ

Importance of Protease Inhibition in Studies on Purified Factor VIII (Antihaemophilic Factor)

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugen A. Beck ◽  
Peter Bachmann ◽  
Peter Barbier ◽  
Miha Furlan
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
High Ionic Strength ◽  
Procoagulant Activity ◽  
Carrier Protein ◽  
Protease Inhibition ◽  
Functional Sites ◽  
Molecular Weight Peak ◽  
Von Willebrand

SummaryAccording to some authors factor VIII procoagulant activity may be dissociable from carrier protein (MW~ 2 × 106) by agarose gel filtration, e.g. at high ionic strength. We were able to reproduce this phenomenon. However, addition of protease inhibitor (Trasylol) prevented the appearance of low molecular weight peak of factor VIII procoagulant activity both at high ionic strength and elevated temperature (37°C). We conclude from our results that procoagulant activity and carrier protein (von Willebrand factor, factor VIII antigen) are closely associated functional sites of native factor VIII macro molecule. Consequently, proteolytic degradation should be avoided in functional and structural studies on factor VIII and especially in preparing factor VIII concentrate for therapeutic use.

THE RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF THYROXINE, TRIIODOTHYRONINE AND 3,3′,5′-(REVERSE)-TRIIODOTHYRONINE IN VARIOUS FRACTIONS OF THYROGLOBULIN

1978 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Laurberg
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Sucrose Gradient ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
High Ionic Strength ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Thyroid Extract ◽  
Reverse Triiodothyronine ◽  
Thyroid Secretion ◽  
Stable Iodine

ABSTRACT Thyroglobulin fractions rich and poor in new thyroglobulin were separated by means of DEAE-cellulose chromatography of dog thyroid extracts and by zonal ultracentrifugation in a sucrose gradient of guinea pig thyroid extract incubated at low temperature. The distribution of thyroxine, triiodothyronine and 3,3′,5′-(reverse)-triiodothyronine in hydrolysates of the different fractions was estimated by radioimmunoassays. Following DEAE-cellulose chromatography there was a small but statistically significant increase in the T4/T3 ratio in thyroglobulin fractions eluted at high ionic strength - that is fractions relatively rich in stable iodine but poor in fresh thyroglobulin. There were no differences in the T4/rT3 ratios between the different fractions. The ratios between iodothyronines were almost identical in the various thyroglobulin fractions following zonal ultracentrifugation in a sucrose gradient of cold treated guinea pig thyroid extract. These findings lend no support to the possibility that a relatively high content of triiodothyronines in freshly synthesized thyroglobulin modulates the thyroid secretion towards a preferential secretion of triiodothyronine and 3,3′,5′-(reverse)-triiodothyronine at the expense of the secretion of thyroxine.

Excess volumes and refractive indices in the benzene-tert-amyl methyl ether and cyclohexane-tert-amyl methyl ether systems at 298.15 K

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 2839-2843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Linek
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ether ◽  
Excess Molar Volumes ◽  
Excess Volumes ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Vibrating Tube Densimeter ◽  
Ether System

Excess molar volumes in the benzene-tert-amyl methyl ether and cyclohexane-tert-amyl methyl ether systems were measured by a vibrating-tube densimeter at 298.15 K and compared with the data for the methanol-tert-amyl methyl ether system determined previously. Besides, the refractive indices in both the systems were measured at the same temperature.

scholarly journals Kaolin based protective barrier in municipal landfills against adverse chemo-mechanical loadings

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Partha Das ◽  
Tadikonda Venkata Bharat
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
High Ionic Strength ◽  
The Self ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Layered System ◽  
Geosynthetic Clay Liners ◽  
Clay Liners ◽  
Landfill Liner ◽  
First Time ◽  
Applied Stresses

AbstractIn this work, we assess the self-sealing and swelling ability of the compacted granular bentonite (GB) under an inorganic salt environment and induced overburden stresses from the landfill waste. The laboratory permeation tests with high ionic strength salt solutions reveal that the GB fails to seal and exhibits a significant mechanical collapse under different applied stresses. The applicability of GB in the form of geosynthetic clay liners as the bottom liner facilities in landfills that produce high ionic strength salt leachates, therefore, remains a serious concern. We propose an additional barrier system based on kaolin, for the first time, to address this problem. The proposed kaolin-GB layered system performs satisfactorily in terms of its sealing and swelling ability even in adverse saline conditions and low overburden stresses. The kaolin improves the osmotic efficiency of the self and also helps the underlying GB layer to seal the inter-granular voids. The estimated design parameters by through-diffusion test suggest that the kaolin-GB layered system effectively attenuates the permeant flux and suitable as a landfill liner.

scholarly journals High ionic strength dissociation assay (HISDA) for high drug tolerant immunogenicity testing

Bioanalysis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Jordan ◽  
Alexander Pöhler ◽  
Florence Guilhot ◽  
Meike Zaspel ◽  
Roland F Staack
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Drug Tolerance ◽  
High Ionic Strength ◽  
Acid Dissociation ◽  
High Drug ◽  
Overnight Incubation ◽  
Antidrug Antibody ◽  
High Doses

Aim: Antidrug antibody (ADA) assessment may be challenged in studies that involve the administration of high doses of biotherapeutics and/or with long half-lives. In such cases, ADA assays with optimized drug tolerance are desired. Material & Methods: We evaluated the use of MgCl2 to develop high ionic strength dissociation assays in two investigational examples (bridging enzyme-linked immunosorbent ADA assays) to attain high drug tolerance while maintaining best possible structural integrity of ADAs. Results: Both ADA-bridging assays treated with MgCl2 showed improved drug tolerance and higher signal-to-blank values compared with overnight incubation or acid treatment. Conclusion: The use of MgCl2 treatment in ADA-bridging assays provides a sensitive, drug tolerant and easy-to-use alternative in cases where acid dissociation is not possible or unwanted.

scholarly journals High salt compatible oxyanion receptors by dual ion imprinting

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4246-4250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhirkumar Shinde ◽  
Mona Mansour ◽  
Anil Incel ◽  
Liliia Mavliutova ◽  
Celina Wierzbicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
High Ionic Strength ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Ion Uptake ◽  
Ion Imprinting

Imprinting of an ion-pair in presence of mutually compatible anion and cation host monomers leads to polymers showing enhanced ion uptake in competitive high ionic strength buffers.

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