Potential carry-over of seeds from 11 common shrub and vine competitors of loblolly and shortleaf pines

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G Shelton ◽  
Michael D Cain
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
The Third ◽  
Japanese Honeysuckle ◽  
High Viability ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Vitis Aestivalis ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Many of the competitors of the regeneration of loblolly and shortleaf pines (Pinus taeda L. and Pinus echinata Mill., respectively) develop from seed disseminated on the site after reproduction cutting or from the seed bank. To evaluate the potential carry-over of the seeds from 11 shrub and vine competitors of these two important southern pines, we designed packets so that fruits could be deposited on the forest floor and subsequently extracted over a 3-year period. After extraction, repeated cycles of 60 days of germination testing followed by 60 days of stratification were conducted over a maximum of 42 months to determine the potential for seed carry-over and the germination characteristics of the species. Seeds of privet (Ligustrum vulgare L.) showed no viability after the first winter of field storage, while seeds of rattan vine (Berchemia scandens (Hill) K. Koch) and Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) had low viability (1–3%) after the third year. In contrast, seeds of smooth sumac (Rhus glabra L.), devils-walkingstick (Aralia spinosa L.), pepper vine (Ampelopsis arborea (L.) Koehne), and blackberry (Rubus argutus Link) were moderate in viability (7–19%) after the third year of field storage, while seeds of beautyberry (Callicarpa americana L.), common greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia L.), and summer grape (Vitis aestivalis Michx.) showed a high viability (31–55%). Cumulative germination of seeds of deciduous holly (Ilex decidua Walt.) was greater after 3 years of field storage (8%) than after only 1 year (4%); for the first removal from field storage, no germination occurred until the ninth germination cycle. Results indicate that new seedlings of some species of shrubs and vines rely mostly on seeds dispersed shortly before or after disturbance, while seedlings of other species appear to develop from seeds that have been stored for long periods in the seed bank. Results of this study can be useful in developing ecologically sound strategies for controlling competing vegetation in forest stands of the southeastern United States.

scholarly journals Population Dynamics of Acromyrmex crassispinus (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Attacks on Pinus taeda Linnaeus (Pinaceae) plantations

Sociobiology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Aparecida Nickele ◽  
Wilson Reis Filho
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
First Year ◽  
Nest Density ◽  
Nuptial Flight ◽  
The Third ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

This work aimed to study the population dynamics of Acromyrmex crassispinus (Forel) in Pinus taeda L. plantations, evaluating the density and spatial distribution of nests over time, inferring about the period of the first nuptial flight of A. crassispinus colonies, and evaluating the levels of attack of this leaf-cutting ant on P. taeda plants. Assessments were performed monthly in the first year after planting, every three months until the third year and every six months until the plantation was six years old. The presence of nests was observed only after 15 months after planting. The nest density gradually increased until the planting completed 30 months, and decreased when the forest canopy began to close (after 54 months). Spatial distribution of A. crassispinus nests was random. Probably, the first nuptial flight of an A. crassispinus colony occurs after the third year of the colony foundation. Pinus taeda plants were not attacked by A. crassispinus throughout the evaluation period. Then, when dealing with a replanting area of Pinus plantation, where the previous forest has not been subject to pruning nor thinning, the problem with A. crassispinus is almost null if the clearcutting and the new planting occur during the winter. In this case, leaf-cutting ants control can be alleviated and it is not necessary to carry out systematic control of ants where A. crassispinus is the predominant leaf cutting ant species. Acromyrmex crassispinus control should be done only if nests are located or if attacked plants by ants are detected.

Managing for High-Value Poles in the Loblolly-Shortleaf Belt

1977 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
James D. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Results of this study provide the practicing forester with guidelines on pole management. Beginning at age 20, second-growth loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) stands were managed under various thinning regimes for 25 years to determine how pole yield is affected by stand density and method of thinning. Thinning initially from above produced more poles while thinning initially from below resulted in longer poles and higher pole values. Profitable numbers of poles were grown under a range of residual stand densities from 55 to 130 square feet per acre. Sweep, the defect most commonly limiting pole length and merchantability, tended to diminish as trees grew older.

Sawtimber Volume Predictions for Uneven-Aged Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine Stands on Average Sites

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Murphy ◽  
Robert M. Farrar
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Selection System ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Equations are given to estimate current and projected sawtimber volumes and projected basal area of the sawtimber portion of uneven-aged loblolly-shortleaf (Pinus taeda L.-Pinus echinata Mill.) pine stands managed under the selection system. The independent variables are elapsed time, initial merchantable basal area, and the initial ratio of sawtimber basal area to merchantable basal area. The results should provide guidelines for the board-foot and cubic-foot production of sawtimber-sized trees in uneven-aged stands that occur on average sites (site index 90, loblolly pine) in the Coastal Plain.

scholarly journals Height Growth of Loblolly and Slash Pine Plantations in the Northern Post-Oak belt of Texas

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Hansen ◽  
M. Victor Bilan
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Post Oak ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Age accounted for over 70% of the variation in tree height of 10- to 44-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) plantations established on deep sands, moderate sands, and nonsandy soils in the Northern Post-Oak Belt of Texas. Climatic and edaphicfactors, relating either directly or indirectly to the amount of moisture available for tree use, explained up to 17% of height growth variation. Height growth of the plantations was comparable to that of plantations growing in the pine-mixed hardwood forest cover type of East Texas. The NorthernPost-Oak Belt of Texas is an area approximately 50 to 100 miles wide located between the pine-mixed hard-wood forest type to the east and the black-land prairie to the west. Soils within the belt belong primarily to the Alfisol or Ultisol soil orders. The western-most areas of the belt receiveup to 20% less annual rain fall than the pine-mixed hardwood type of East Texas (U.S. Environmental Data and Information Service 1949-1982). The present forest of this area is dominated by post oak (Quercus stellata Wang.), black-jack oak (Quercus Marilandica Muench.), bluejack oak (Quercusincana Bartr.), and black hickory (Carya texana Buckl.) (Ward 1984). Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) occur naturally only in scattered locations (Wilson and Hacker 1986). South. j. Appl. For. 13(1):5-8.

scholarly journals Phosphorus fractions in soil after successive crops of Pinus taeda L. without fertilization

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Colpo Gatiboni ◽  
Cristiane Ottes Vargas ◽  
Jackson Adriano Albuquerque ◽  
Jaime Antonio Almeida ◽  
James Stahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Phosphorus Fractions ◽  
Chemical Fractionation ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Organic P ◽  
The Third ◽  
P Content ◽  
Inorganic P Fractions ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

ABSTRACT: Pinus cultivation without fertilization is a common practice in southern Brazil, which can induce a decline in the availability of phosphorus (P) in the soil. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in phosphorus fractions in a Humic Cambisol subjected to continuous Pinus taeda L. cultivation without fertilization. Two forest stands were evaluated, after 16 years of Pinus cultivation (1st crop) and 49 years (3rd crop), when soil samples were collected (layers 0-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60, and 60-80cm) from six trenches per forest. In soil samples, the P contained in organic (Po) and inorganic (Pi) forms was determined by sequential chemical fractionation. Labile inorganic P fractions remained unchanged after the different cultivation periods. However, the labile organic fractions declined from the first to the third cycle (from 70.6 to 39.8mg dm-3 in the 0-10cm layer), indicating that these forms influence the buffering capacity of labile Pi. The moderately labile organic P acted as a P drain, increasing its percentage of the total, from 34.7 to 56.3%, from the first to the third crop. Soil cultivation for 49 years with Pinus taeda resulted in a reduction of the organic P content, indicating that for this soil use, this P form should be used to diagnose P availability and fertilization requirements.

Bifenox: A Promising New Herbicide for Southern Pine Nurseries

1978 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
David B. South ◽  
Dean H. Gjerstad ◽  
R. Hugh Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Preemergence tests over a three-year period at 11 forest nurseries indicate that bifenox at 1.5, 3, or 6 pounds active ingredient per acre provides good weed control without causing injury to loblolly (Pinus taeda L.), slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.), shortleaf (Pinus echinata Mill.) and longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). The lower rates did not harm eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.), but the 6 pound per acre rate reduced seedling density. At most locations bifenox at 3 pounds per acre provided longer lasting weed control than diphenamid at 4 pounds per acre. Postemergence applications of bifenox at 2 or 4 pounds per acre controlled small succulent weeds at eight forest nurseries without injuring 3- to 10-week old seedlings of loblolly, slash, and eastern white pine.¹

Timing of Fertilizer Application Important for Management of Southern Pine Seed Orchards

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
R. C. Schmidtling
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Female Flowering ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Fertilizers were applied at different dates during the growing season to orchard ramets of loblolly (Pinus taeda L), slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii), shortleaf (Pinus echinata Mill.), and Virginia pines (Pinus virginiana Mill.) to determine optimum time to enhance flowering. Depending on species, female flowering was increased by applications in mid- to late summer. Male flowering was increased most by applications in early summer.

Oxyfluorfen: An Effective Herbicide For Southern Pine Nurseries

1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
David B. South ◽  
Dean H. Gjerstad
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Pinus Virginiana Mill

Abstract Preemergence tests over a three-year period at 11 forest nurseries indicate that oxyfluorfen at 0.5 or 1.0 pound active ingredient per acre provides good weed control without causing injury to loblolly (Pinus taeda L.), slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.), shortleaf (Pinus echinata Mill.), longleaf (Pinus palustris Mill.), Virginia (Pinus virginiana Mill.) and eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.). Postemergence applications of oxyfluorfen at 0.5 or 1.0 pound per acre controlled small succulent weeds at nine forest nurseries without injuring 4- to 8-week-old seedlings of loblolly and slash or 29-week-old longleaf.1

Growth and Yield of Planted Loblolly and Shortleaf Pines in a North Mississippi Creek Bottom

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Williston
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
A Site

Abstract Unthinned loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) planted near Abbeville, Mississippi in a creek bottom with a site index of 122 had a yield of 6,925 cubic feet per acre at age 26. Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) planted beside the loblolly pine had a site index of 108 and a yield of 4,120 cubic feet per acre.

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