Phosphorus fractions in soil after successive crops of Pinus taeda L. without fertilization

ABSTRACT: Pinus cultivation without fertilization is a common practice in southern Brazil, which can induce a decline in the availability of phosphorus (P) in the soil. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in phosphorus fractions in a Humic Cambisol subjected to continuous Pinus taeda L. cultivation without fertilization. Two forest stands were evaluated, after 16 years of Pinus cultivation (1st crop) and 49 years (3rd crop), when soil samples were collected (layers 0-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60, and 60-80cm) from six trenches per forest. In soil samples, the P contained in organic (Po) and inorganic (Pi) forms was determined by sequential chemical fractionation. Labile inorganic P fractions remained unchanged after the different cultivation periods. However, the labile organic fractions declined from the first to the third cycle (from 70.6 to 39.8mg dm-3 in the 0-10cm layer), indicating that these forms influence the buffering capacity of labile Pi. The moderately labile organic P acted as a P drain, increasing its percentage of the total, from 34.7 to 56.3%, from the first to the third crop. Soil cultivation for 49 years with Pinus taeda resulted in a reduction of the organic P content, indicating that for this soil use, this P form should be used to diagnose P availability and fertilization requirements.

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Dynamics of phosphorus fractions in soils treated with dairy manure

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr18325 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 289

Author(s):

L. B. Braos ◽

A. C. T. Bettiol ◽

L. G. Di Santo ◽

M. E. Ferreira ◽

M. C. P. Cruz

Keyword(s):

P Uptake ◽

Dairy Manure ◽

P Availability ◽

Organic P ◽

Triple Superphosphate ◽

P Fractions ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Soil P ◽

Plant P Uptake ◽

Inorganic P Fractions

The evaluation of phosphorus (P) transformations in soil after application of manure or mineral P can improve soil management and optimise P use by plants. The objectives of the present study were to assess organic and inorganic P forms in two soils treated with dairy manure and triple superphosphate and to establish relationships between soil P fraction levels and P availability. Soil organic and inorganic P fractions were quantified using a pot experiment with two soils, a typical Hapludox and an arenic Hapludult, with three types of fertiliser treatments applied (no fertiliser application, application of dairy manure, and application of triple superphosphate, by adding 100 mg P dm–3 in the form of fertiliser in the two latter treatments) and four incubation times (15, 45, 90, and 180 days). Inorganic P was fractionated into aluminium-bound, iron-bound, occluded, and calcium-bound P. Organic P was extracted sequentially using sodium bicarbonate, hydrochloric acid, microbial biomass, sodium hydroxide, and residual organic P. After incubation, maize plants were cropped to quantify dry matter yield and absorbed P. Application of dairy manure resulted in a significant increase in most of the organic P fractions, and application of triple superphosphate led to a significant increase in inorganic P fractions. Both fertilisers raised labile organic P fractions in the two soils. The major sinks of P in Hapludox were occluded and fulvic acid-associated P. In contrast, the major sink of P in Hapludult was iron-bound P. The available P levels were stable after application of dairy manure, and decreased with time when fertilised with triple superphosphate. In the Hapludox, the organic P fractions had a significant positive correlation with P uptake by plants. The results suggest that organic P mineralisation plays a more significant role in plant P uptake in the Hapludox soil and inorganic P forms are the main contributors to plant P uptake in the Hapludult soil.

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Effects of air-drying and freezing on phosphorus fractions in soils with different organic matter contents

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/428/2010-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 228-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

G. Xu ◽

J.N. Sun ◽

R.F. Xu ◽

Y.C. Lv ◽

H.B. Shao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Phosphorus Fractions ◽

Climate Change Scenarios ◽

P Availability ◽

Organic P ◽

Air Drying ◽

Soil P ◽

Labile P

Little is known about the effects of air-drying and freezing on the transformation of phosphorus (P) fractions in soils. It is important that the way in which soils respond to such perturbations is better understood as there are implications for both P availability and loss to surface waters from soils. In this study, the effects of air-drying and freezing were investigated using two soils, one being a forest soil (FS) high in organic matter and the other being a sterile soil (SS) low in organic matter. Soil P was fractionated using a modified Hedley fractionation method to examine the changes of phosphorus fractions induced by air-drying and freezing. Generally, there were no significant differences of total phosphorus among the three treatments (CV% < 10%). Compared with field moist soils, freezing the soil evoked few changes on phosphorus fractions except that the resin-P increased in FS soil. On the contrary, air-drying significantly changed the distribution of phosphors fractions for both soils: increased the labile-P (especially resin-P) and organic-P (NaHCO<sub>3</sub>-Po, NaOH-Po and Con.HCl-Po) at the expense of NaOH-Pi and occlude-P (Dil.HCl-P and Con.HCl-Pi). Resin-P significantly increased by 31% for SS soil and by 121% for FS soil upon air-drying. The effect of air-drying seemed to be more pronounced in the FS soil with high organic matter content. These results indicated that drying seem to drive the P transformation form occlude-P to labile-P and organic-P and accelerated the weathering of stable P pool. This potentially could be significant for soil P supply to plants and P losses from soils to surface waters under changing patterns of rainfall and temperature as predicted by some climate change scenarios.  

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Population Dynamics of Acromyrmex crassispinus (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Attacks on Pinus taeda Linnaeus (Pinaceae) plantations

Sociobiology ◽

10.13102/sociobiology.v62i3.422 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 340 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mariane Aparecida Nickele ◽

Wilson Reis Filho

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Pinus Taeda ◽

Forest Canopy ◽

First Year ◽

Nest Density ◽

Nuptial Flight ◽

The Third ◽

Leaf Cutting ◽

Pinus Taeda L

This work aimed to study the population dynamics of Acromyrmex crassispinus (Forel) in Pinus taeda L. plantations, evaluating the density and spatial distribution of nests over time, inferring about the period of the first nuptial flight of A. crassispinus colonies, and evaluating the levels of attack of this leaf-cutting ant on P. taeda plants. Assessments were performed monthly in the first year after planting, every three months until the third year and every six months until the plantation was six years old. The presence of nests was observed only after 15 months after planting. The nest density gradually increased until the planting completed 30 months, and decreased when the forest canopy began to close (after 54 months). Spatial distribution of A. crassispinus nests was random. Probably, the first nuptial flight of an A. crassispinus colony occurs after the third year of the colony foundation. Pinus taeda plants were not attacked by A. crassispinus throughout the evaluation period. Then, when dealing with a replanting area of Pinus plantation, where the previous forest has not been subject to pruning nor thinning, the problem with A. crassispinus is almost null if the clearcutting and the new planting occur during the winter. In this case, leaf-cutting ants control can be alleviated and it is not necessary to carry out systematic control of ants where A. crassispinus is the predominant leaf cutting ant species. Acromyrmex crassispinus control should be done only if nests are located or if attacked plants by ants are detected.

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Phosphorus availability as a function of its time of contact with different soils

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n11p996-1001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (11) ◽

pp. 996-1001 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hemmannuella C. Santos ◽

Fábio H. T. de Oliveira ◽

Adailson P. de Souza ◽

Ignácio H. Salcedo ◽

Valério D. M. Silva

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Soil Samples ◽

P Availability ◽

P Fertilization ◽

P Content ◽

Maize Plants ◽

Macro And Micronutrients ◽

Labile P ◽

Different Soils

ABSTRACT Phosphorus (P) availability is related to soil sorption capacity and is relevant to planning P fertilization and evaluating its residual effect. The aim of this work was to evaluate the P availability to maize plants after different incubation times of six soils from Paraíba state. For this, four doses of P (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg dm-3) were applied in samples of six soils for 0, 30, 60, 90, 180, 240 and 360 days. After the incubation time, the soil samples received fertilization with macro and micronutrients and were cultivated with maize for 35 days, when they were harvested and analyzed to verify dry matter and P content in soil. The increase in the time of contact of P with the soil decreased P availability to plants; however, the formation of non-labile P was negligible in most soils. After 360 days of incubation, between 26 and 71% of P applied at the highest dose was recovered.

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Potential carry-over of seeds from 11 common shrub and vine competitors of loblolly and shortleaf pines

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x01-207 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 412-419 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Michael G Shelton ◽

Michael D Cain

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Seed Bank ◽

Pinus Echinata ◽

The Third ◽

Japanese Honeysuckle ◽

High Viability ◽

Germination Characteristics ◽

Vitis Aestivalis ◽

Carry Over ◽

Pinus Taeda L

Many of the competitors of the regeneration of loblolly and shortleaf pines (Pinus taeda L. and Pinus echinata Mill., respectively) develop from seed disseminated on the site after reproduction cutting or from the seed bank. To evaluate the potential carry-over of the seeds from 11 shrub and vine competitors of these two important southern pines, we designed packets so that fruits could be deposited on the forest floor and subsequently extracted over a 3-year period. After extraction, repeated cycles of 60 days of germination testing followed by 60 days of stratification were conducted over a maximum of 42 months to determine the potential for seed carry-over and the germination characteristics of the species. Seeds of privet (Ligustrum vulgare L.) showed no viability after the first winter of field storage, while seeds of rattan vine (Berchemia scandens (Hill) K. Koch) and Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) had low viability (13%) after the third year. In contrast, seeds of smooth sumac (Rhus glabra L.), devils-walkingstick (Aralia spinosa L.), pepper vine (Ampelopsis arborea (L.) Koehne), and blackberry (Rubus argutus Link) were moderate in viability (719%) after the third year of field storage, while seeds of beautyberry (Callicarpa americana L.), common greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia L.), and summer grape (Vitis aestivalis Michx.) showed a high viability (3155%). Cumulative germination of seeds of deciduous holly (Ilex decidua Walt.) was greater after 3 years of field storage (8%) than after only 1 year (4%); for the first removal from field storage, no germination occurred until the ninth germination cycle. Results indicate that new seedlings of some species of shrubs and vines rely mostly on seeds dispersed shortly before or after disturbance, while seedlings of other species appear to develop from seeds that have been stored for long periods in the seed bank. Results of this study can be useful in developing ecologically sound strategies for controlling competing vegetation in forest stands of the southeastern United States.

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Soil Properties and Pine Growth Affected by Site Preparation after Clearcutting

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/9.1.40 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 40-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

J. J. Stransky ◽

J. H. Roese ◽

K. G. Watterston

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Pinus Taeda ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Soil Nutrient ◽

Site Preparation ◽

Soil Samples ◽

The Other ◽

Pine Seedlings ◽

Southeast Texas ◽

Pinus Taeda L

Abstract A pine-hardwood sawtimber stand in southeast Texas was clearcut in September 1972. Random plots were burned, chopped, KG-bladed, or left untreated. In the spring of 1974, 1-0 loblolly pine seedlings (Pinus taeda L.) were handplanted at 8 by 10 foot spacing. Data from soil samples, taken from the 0-5 inch depth before clearcutting and 1, 3, and 5 years after site preparation showed that burning appeared to have changed soil nutrient levels the least. Of the two mechanical treatments, KG-blading altered the chemical composition of the soil most, probably because topsoil organic matter was removed. Planted pines survived and grew best on mechanically prepared areas, producing 1.5 to 3.3 times more cubic-foot volume per acre than either of the other treatments by the end of the eighth year.

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Phosphorus fractions in soil cultivated with vineyards after 62 years of poultry litter addition

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2019.v54.00817 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Djalma Eugênio Schmitt ◽

Luciano Colpo Gatiboni ◽

Joice Crescêncio Heidemann ◽

Daniel João Dall’Orsoletta ◽

Gustavo Boitt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Depth ◽

Poultry Litter ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Phosphorus Fractions ◽

Residual Fraction ◽

Organic P ◽

Litter Addition ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Forested Area ◽

The Past

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate changes in phosphorus fractions in a Humic Cambisol cultivated with vineyards, after 62 years of additional fertilization with poultry litter. Soil samples were collected from two vineyards (V1 and V2) and a forested area adjacent to them. A total of 1,365 and 910 kg ha-1 P were applied to V1 and V2, respectively, throughout the past 62 years. Samples were collected at 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, and 30-40-cm soil depths for the analysis of soil physicochemical properties. The addition of poultry litter to the soil of the vineyards increased the contents of inorganic P (Pi) in all fractions, except in the residual fraction (residual-P), mainly at the 0-10-cm soil depth, in comparison with the forested area. The addition of poultry litter as fertilizer does not affect the organic P (Po) stock in the Humic Cambisol, it only increases the Pi contents of the soil.

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Assessing organic phosphorus status of Cerrado oxisols (Brazil) using 31P-NMR spectroscopy and phosphomonoesterase activity measurement

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s00-079 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 81 (5) ◽

pp. 591-601 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Lydie Chapuis-Lardy ◽

Michel Brossard ◽

Hervé Quiquampoix

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Nmr Spectroscopy ◽

Natural Vegetation ◽

Plant Production ◽

Activity Measurement ◽

31P Nmr Spectroscopy ◽

P Availability ◽

Organic P ◽

P Content ◽

Activity Measurements

Plant production in the Brazilian savannas, also known as the Cerrados, is limited mainly by low P availability in soils. Little is known about the P status in the Cerrados region, despite its increasing significance for the country’s agriculture. 31P-NMR spectroscopy of alkali extracts and phosphomonoesterase (PME) activity measurements were used to study forms of P and their stability in oxisols of natural and pasture systems. Total P content (Pt) in topsoils ranged from 301 to 456 mg kg-1 and organic P content (Po) from 84 to 194 mg kg-1 with the highest values under natural vegetation. The estimation of forms of soil P with different lability (provided by NaHCO3 and NaOH extractions) showed little difference between natural vegetation and pastures, but the proportions of Po extracted suggest the importance of organically bound P as a source of plant-available P. All NMR spectra showed signals of organic P (monoesters and diesters) and inorganic P forms (orthophosphate and pyrophosphate), with little influence of land use. Organic P appears to be mainly in the form of stable phosphomonoesters. The most marked effect of land use was a decrease in PME activity under recent pastures, indicating an increase of PME stability in topsoils after the maize-grass ley plantation. The importance of the pH of the PME activity measurement is also discussed. Key Words: Organic P, labile P, 31P-NMR, phosphosmonoesterase, Cerrado, Oxisols

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Soil phosphorus fractions in sandy soils amended with cattle manure for long periods

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832009000300014 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 613-622 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Sandra Regina da Silva Galvão ◽

Ignacio Hernan Salcedo

Keyword(s):

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Mean Value ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Phosphorus Fractions ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

Organic P ◽

Soil P ◽

Labile P ◽

Semi Arid Region

Phosphorus fractions were determined in soil samples from areas fertilized or not with farmyard cattle manure (FYM) and in samples of FYM used in the semi-arid region of Paraiba state, Brazil. Soil samples were taken from the 0-20; 20-40 and 40-60 cm layers of 18 cultivated areas, which, according to interviews with farmers, had been treated with 12 to 20 t ha-1 FYM annually, for the past 2 to 40 years. Soil samples were also collected from four unfertilized pasture areas as controls. Phosphorus in the soil samples was sequentially extracted with water (Pw), resin (Pres), NaHCO3 (Pi bic and Po bic), NaOH (Pi hid and Po hid), H2SO4 (Pacid) and, finally, by digestion with H2SO4/H2O2 (Presd). Nine FYM samples were extracted with water, resin, Mehlich-1, H2SO4, NaOH or digestion with H2SO4/H2O2, not sequentially, and the extracts analyzed for P. The sampled areas had homogeneous, sandy and P-deficient soils; increases in total soil P (Pt) above the mean value of the control areas (up to 274 mg kg-1 in the 0-20 cm layer of the most P-enriched samples) were therefore attributed to FYM applications, which was the only external P input in the region. Regression analysis was used to study the relationship between soil P fractions and Pt. The Pacid fraction, related to Ca-P forms, showed the greatest increases (p < 0.01) as a result of FYM applications, rising from 8.4 mg kg-1 in a non-fertilized sample to 43.8 mg kg-1 in the sample with the highest Pt content. The sum of Pw, Pres and Pi bic, considered as labile P, showed comparable increases with Pacid, while Pi hid showed the smallest increase due to FYM applications. Organic P forms also increased, more so the fraction Po hid, considered less labile, than the more labile one, Po bic. The residual P fraction was practically half of Pt, independently of the Pt value. Increases in labile P, Pacid and organic P were justified by the high average concentration of Pw (36 %), Pacid (34 %), and Po hid (30 %) in the FYM. Significant changes in the proportion of P forms among soil layers indicated the downward movement of P in organic forms.

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Phosphorus Fractions and Their Transformations in Entisol

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n1p485 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 485

Author(s):

Alessandra Mayumi Tokura Alovisi ◽

Alves Alexandre Alovisi ◽

Ademar Pereira Serra ◽

Luciene Kazue Tokura ◽

Livia Maria Chamma Davide ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Phosphate Fertilizer ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Chemical Fractionation ◽

Organic P ◽

P Fractions ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Phosphate Fertilization ◽

Organic Fractions ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The availability of phosphorus in the soil is a factor that directly interferes with its absorption by plants. This availability can be influenced by the texture, dose of the phosphate fertilizer and the time of contact with the soil. This study aimed to quantify the organic and inorganic fractions of P accumulated in a sandy soil receiving doses of phosphorus, incubated and grown with rice. The experimental design was a completely randomized design, in a 4 × 3 factorial scheme, with four replicates, and four P doses (0, 80, 240, and 410 mg dm-3) and three evaluation times (before sowing, after harvest, and incubated). Soil samples were collected before, after incubation, and after rice harvesting, and then submitted to a chemical fractionation of P. P fractions were influenced by soil collection times. The inorganic fractions prevailed before sowing and after incubation, and the organic fractions prevailed after harvest. Phosphate fertilization favored mineralization of organic P and redistributes the inorganic and organic P fractions, between labile and non-labile compartments. The application of phosphate fertilizer in an Entisol Quartzipsamment contributes to the accumulation of inorganic fractions, especially in the most labile fractions.

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