Bryophyte community differences between edge and interior environments in temperate rain-forest fragments of coastal British Columbia

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyn K Baldwin ◽  
Gary E Bradfield
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Edge Zone ◽  
Temperate Rain Forest

The species richness, community composition, and abundance of bryophytes within taxonomic and functional groups were examined in relation to habitat conditions in forest edge and interior habitats of nine old-growth temperate rain-forest patches remaining after logging in the Nimpkish River Valley of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Bryophytes were sampled at a fine scale using 0.1 m × 0.3 m microplots to examine responses of species abundance on the forest floor, downed logs, and tree bases and at a coarser scale using 10 m × 2 m belt transects to determine changes in patterns of species richness and distribution. Edge habitats, sampled to a depth of 45 m into the forest fragments, were characterized by greater windthrow disturbance. Within the edge zone, increases in the richness of clearing-affiliated functional groups were associated primarily with the location of windthrown trees and tip-up mounds, rather than with distance from the edge per se. Interior habitats had both greater abundance of old-growth-associated functional groups and total bryophyte cover. The extension of the edge zone to at least 45 m into remnant patches carries implications for minimum patch size requirements in the context of variable-retention logging of coastal temperate rain forests.

Gap-phase dynamics and coexistence of a long-lived pioneer and shade-tolerant tree species in the canopy of an old-growth coastal temperate rain forest of Chiloé Island, Chile

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1674-1687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro G. Gutiérrez ◽  
Juan Carlos Aravena ◽  
Natalia V. Carrasco-Farías ◽  
Duncan A. Christie ◽  
Mauricio Fuentes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Phase Dynamics ◽  
Temperate Rain Forest ◽  
Gap Phase

Successional status, seed dispersal mode and overstorey species influence tree regeneration in tropical rain-forest fragments in Western Ghats, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand M. Osuri ◽  
Dayani Chakravarthy ◽  
Divya Mudappa ◽  
T. R. Shankar Raman ◽  
N. Ayyappan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Successional Species ◽  
The Western Ghats

Abstract:The effects of fragmentation and overstorey tree diversity on tree regeneration were assessed in tropical rain forests of the Western Ghats, India. Ninety plots were sampled for saplings (1–5 cm diameter at breast height (dbh); 5×5-m plots) and overstorey trees (>9.55 cm dbh; 20×20-m plots) within two fragments (32 ha and 18 ha) and two continuous forests. We tested the hypotheses that fragmentation and expected seed-dispersal declines (1) reduce sapling densities and species richness of all species and old-growth species, and increase recruitment of early-successional species, (2) reduce the prevalence of dispersed recruits and (3) increase influence of local overstorey on sapling densities and richness. Continuous forests and fragments had similar sapling densities and species richness overall, but density and richness of old-growth species declined by 62% and 48%, respectively, in fragments. Fragments had 39% lower densities and 24% lower richness of immigrant saplings (presumed dispersed into sites as conspecific adults were absent nearby), and immigrant densities of old-growth bird-dispersed species declined by 79%. Sapling species richness (overall and old-growth) increased with overstorey species richness in fragments, but was unrelated to overstorey richness in continuous forests. Our results show that while forest fragments retain significant sapling diversity, losses of immigrant recruits and increased overstorey influence strengthen barriers to natural regeneration of old-growth tropical rain forests.

scholarly journals Edge effects in the avifaunal community of riparian rain-forest tracts in Tropical North Queensland

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montague H. C. Neate-Clegg ◽  
Emily C. Morshuis ◽  
Cristina Banks-Leite
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Forest Bird ◽  
Resource Distributions ◽  
Detection Frequency ◽  
Open Canopy

AbstractMost evidence suggests anthropogenic edges negatively affect rain-forest bird communities but little has been done to test this in Australasia. In this study, avifaunal detection frequency, species richness and community composition were compared between the edge and interior and between flat and more complex-shaped edges of riparian rain-forest tracts in Tropical North Queensland. The detection frequency and richness of guilds based on diet, foraging strata and habitat specialism were also compared. This study detected 15.1% more birds at the rain-forest edge compared with the interior but no difference in species richness. Edge shape had no effect on detection frequency or richness. Many guilds (subcanopy, closed forest, frugivorous and insectivorous species) experienced increased detection frequency at the edge relative to the interior, but for some guilds this response was reduced (habitat generalists) or reversed (understorey and mixed-flock species) along complex edges. Overall community composition was affected by edge distance but not by edge shape. Edge habitat was shorter and had more open canopy than the interior, supporting habitat-based explanations for the observed avifaunal edge effects. These results suggest generally positive edge effects in Australian rain-forest bird communities, possibly reflecting local resource distributions or a disturbance-tolerant species pool.

scholarly journals Avian Reporting Rates in Chugcheongnam Province, South Korea Depend on Distance from Forest Edge, Size of Trees, and Size of Forest Fragments

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Jang ◽  
Seol ◽  
Chung ◽  
Sagong ◽  
Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Bird Abundance ◽  
Forest Condition ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Forests provide bird communities with various resources, including food and habitats. Thus, forest attributes, such as size, structure, and species composition, influence the distribution and dynamics of bird species. This study was conducted to examine the association between forest condition, bird species abundance, and diversity within Chungcheongnam Province, South Korea. Zero-inflated binomial regression models were used to analyze a total of 1646 sampling points of abundance and diversity. Forest area, distance to forest edge, and tree size class were selected as covariates. Negative associations between forest area and overall bird abundance and species richness were indicated, whereas distance to forest edge was not a significant factor. This insignificance may be attributed to the relatively small, fragmented, and homogenous forest areas across the studied region. Results for individual bird species indicated that six out of the 35 major bird species had significant associations to the forest edge and three species showed a preference for the interior of the forest. The results of this study imply that other factors, such as food availability and biotic interaction, are more important when determining habitat preference in a relatively homogenous area with a long history of human disturbance.

The effects of fragmentation of an Australian tropical rain forest on populations and assemblages of small mammals

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. HARRINGTON ◽  
A. N. D. FREEMAN ◽  
F. H. J. CROME
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forest ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Agricultural Matrix ◽  
Continuous Forest ◽  
The Matrix

Small mammals were trapped in four rain forest fragments (3, 8, 20 and 97 ha), in an agricultural landscape, and in comparable continuous tropical rain forest in north Queensland, Australia over 2 y. The most frequently captured species were four murid rodents. Melomys cervinipes were captured in similar numbers in both continuous and fragmented forest. This species achieves greatest abundance at forest edges and this study suggests that edges of fragments and edges of continuous forest will support similar densities. Abundance of Uromys caudimaculatus was positively correlated with size of fragment and peaked in continuous forest. This species had a home range larger than the smaller fragments and was thus disadvantaged but its ability to utilize the agricultural matrix between fragments mitigated the effect. Rattus leucopus and R. fuscipes were most abundant in fragments and continuous forest respectively but both species occurred in similar abundance in the 97-ha fragment. This suggests their population size is related to habitat rather than competitive exclusion as previously postulated. Ordination of the populations of the nine most commonly captured mammals, separated the fragment and continuous sites but placed the largest fragment closest to the continuous sites. The contrasting response of the two Rattus spp. was the primary influence on the ordination. Second in importance was Trichosurus vulpecula, a folivorous possum, which was absent from the continuous sites. The fragments may have had more nutrient-rich, pioneer tree foliage than continuous forest. Isoodon macrourus, Perameles nasuta, Antechinus godmani and Uromys hadrourus also showed positive or negative response to fragmentation. Species utilizing the matrix between forest fragments and species adapted to forest edge are advantaged by the fragmentation process whereas forest specialists tend to extinction in fragments, particularly where the home range of the animal is not many times smaller than the fragment.

scholarly journals Trophic structure stability and extinction dynamics of beetles (Coleoptera) in tropical forest fragments

1998 ◽  
Vol 353 (1367) ◽  
pp. 437-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Didham ◽  
J. H. Lawton ◽  
P. M. Hammond ◽  
P. Eggleton
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Trophic Structure ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Extinction Probabilities

A first analysis of the stability of trophic structure following tropical forest fragmentation was performed in an experimentally fragmented tropical forest landscape in Central Amazonia. A taxonomically and trophically diverse assemblage of 993 species of beetles was sampled from 920 m 2 of leaf litter at 46 sites varying in distance from forest edge and fragment area. Beetle density increased significantly towards the forest edge and showed non-linear changes with fragment area, due to the influx of numerous disturbed-area species into 10 ha and 1 ha fragments. There was a marked change in species composition with both decreasing distance from forest edge and decreasing fragment area, but surprisingly this change in composition was not accompanied by a change in species richness. Rarefied species richness did not vary significantly across any of the sites, indicating that local extinctions of deep forest species were balanced by equivalent colonization rates of disturbed-area species. The change in species composition with fragmentation was non-random across trophic groups. Proportions of predator species and xylophage species changed significantly with distance from forest edge, but no area-dependent changes in proportions of species in trophic groups were observed. Trophic structure was also analysed with respect to proportions of abundance in six trophic groups. Proportions of abundance of all trophic groups except xylomycetophages changed markedly with respect to both distance from forest edge and fragment area. Local extinction probabilities calculated for individual beetle species supported theoretical predictions of the differential susceptibility of higher trophic levels to extinction, and of changes in trophic structure following forest fragmentation. To reduce random effects due to sampling error, only abundant species ( n ≥ 46) were analysed for extinction probabilities, as defined by absence from samples. Of these common species, 27% had significantly higher probabilities of local extinction following fragmentation. The majority of these species were predators; 42% of all abundant predator species were significantly more likely to be absent from samples in forest fragments than in undisturbed forest. These figures are regarded as minimum estimates for the entire beetle assemblage because rarer species will inevitably have higher extinction probabilities. Absolute loss of biodiversity will affect ecosystem process rates, but the differential loss of species from trophic groups will have an even greater destabilizing effect on food web structure and ecosystem function.

scholarly journals 13,000 years of fire history derived from soil charcoal in a British Columbia coastal temperate rain forest

Ecosphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Hoffman ◽  
D. G. Gavin ◽  
K. P. Lertzman ◽  
D. J. Smith ◽  
B. M. Starzomski
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Soil Charcoal ◽  
Temperate Rain Forest

scholarly journals Bird assembly in restinga reforested areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Erich De Freitas Mariano ◽  
Arnaldo Honorato Vieira-Filho ◽  
Gustavo Alves Toledo Da Costa ◽  
Helder Farias Pereira De Araujo ◽  
Malva Isabel Medina Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
The Difference

Fragmentation is one of environmental degradation and reduction of biodiversity causes, including in bird communities, mainly in Atlantic Forest areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in richness and functional groups structure in the ornitofauna from a Restinga forest fragment and four areas with different ages of reforestation. We selected five forest fragments in a Restinga area in the state of Paraiba. A native fragment (Control Area-AC) and four fragments that have undergone a mining process and present different ages of reforestation (1989, 1997, 2001 and 2003). The avifauna samples occurred in four expeditions between November 2006 and April 2008 and counted with a total effort of 2700 net.m2 per expedition. Statistical tests verified richness differences between studied areas, as well as the composition of their functional groups. In general, 90 bird species were recorded, and the highest reforestation age area presented the highest richness (n = 51 spp.). The species richness comparisons indicated that the difference in the richness between AC and reforested areas is not statistically significant. The similarity analysis indicates that reforested areas share a large amount of species and AC has a great differentiation in composition. This differentiation is explained by the significant presence of frugivorous, nectarivorous, leaf and understory-insectivorous species. Changes in species richness and composition in degraded areas are expected and reforested areas usually have a smaller number of forest-dependent species due to the deficiency of available resources. The recovery of areas by reforestation are important conservation strategies, however there is need for management measures that promote the enrichment of these areas and the availability of resources for species dependent on environments Forest.

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