Predominant paternal inheritance pattern of light-energy processing adaptive traits in red and black spruce hybrids

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Major ◽  
Debby C. Barsi ◽  
Alex Mosseler ◽  
Om P. Rajora ◽  
Moira Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Light Energy ◽  
Hybrid Index ◽  
Paternal Inheritance ◽  
Inheritance Pattern ◽  
Adaptive Traits ◽  
Parental Analysis ◽  
Energy Processing ◽  
Species Specific

Ecophysiological traits related to light-energy processing and freezing tolerance are important adaptive traits in plants. Our goal was to investigate the pattern of inheritance of these traits in hybrids using controlled intra- and inter-specific crosses of red spruce ( Picea rubens Sarg.) (RS) and black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) (BS). Our initial working hypothesis was that expected hybrid index categories could be a predictor of adaptive traits. Species results of dark-adapted photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and light-adapted light-energy processing traits, quantum yield (YLD), thermal dissipation efficiency (qN), and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fpc), were consistent with previously published open-pollinated, species provenance results. Initially, YLD, qN, and Fpc, showed an additive inheritance pattern, evident by average hybrid index 50 having a mid-parent value. Because of various crosstypes of the hybrid families, parental analysis, testing male, female, and interaction effects, and having three categories (pure RS, pure BS, and hybrid spruce), revealed significant male and nonsignificant female and interactive effects. Underlying the averaged additive results was a significant species-specific paternal inheritance pattern. Crosses with BS males had 13.7% higher YLD (P = 0.001), 15.4% lower qN (P = 0.008), and 43.0% higher Fpc (P = 0.096) than crosses with either RS or hybrid males. Fv/Fm showed a nonadditive or parental species pattern. Parental analysis of Fv/Fm showed significant male, female, and male × female interaction effects, and further analysis supports a largely species-specific and paternally inherited trait. Freezing tolerance revealed a mixed model of inheritance dominated by species effects. Total dry mass was positively correlated with YLD, and negatively correlated with Fv/Fm and qN, suggesting a biological tradeoff. We know of no other studies in trees demonstrating paternal inheritance of ecophysiological processes that affect adaptation and fitness.

scholarly journals Light-energy processing and freezing-tolerance traits in red spruce and black spruce: species and seed-source variation

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 685-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Major ◽  
D. C. Barsi ◽  
A. Mosseler ◽  
M. Campbell ◽  
O. P. Rajora
Keyword(s):  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Light Energy ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Energy Processing ◽  
Source Variation

Impact of three silvicultural treatments on growth, light-energy processing, and related needle-level adaptive traits of Pinus strobus from two regions

2009 ◽  
Vol 257 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Major ◽  
Alex Mosseler ◽  
Debby C. Barsi ◽  
Britt Corriveau-Dupuis ◽  
Moira Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Light Energy ◽  
Adaptive Traits ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Energy Processing

Reproductive barriers and hybridity in two spruces, Picea rubens and Picea mariana, sympatric in eastern North America

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E Major ◽  
Alex Mosseler ◽  
Kurt H Johnsen ◽  
Om P Rajora ◽  
Debby C Barsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Picea Rubens ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Hybrid Index ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Seedling Traits ◽  
Species Specific

Hybridization between red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP), late- and early-successional species, respectively, has resulted in identification and management problems. We investigated the nature and magnitude of reproductive and life-cycle success barriers in controlled intra- and inter-specific crosses of red and black spruce. We quantified a number of reproductive, germination, phenological, and performance traits, and examined traits by parental pedigree and hybrid index. Species' pollen had no effect on number of aborted or nonpollinated ovules. Controlled intraspecific crosses had, on average, 6.6 times more filled seeds than interspecific crosses. Cone and seed morphometric traits were species specific, with seed traits showing negative hybridization effects on both species. Germination, cotyledon number, and seedling height had significant species-specific traits, with hybrids showing an additive or slightly negative heterosis. Severe, negative heterosis appears to be of limited importance as an isolating barrier between red and black spruce. Reproductive phenology was remarkably similar among species and hybrid progenies when grown in common garden experiments. Crossability barriers are clearly paramount in maintaining the separation of the species. Ecological separation based on ecophysiological differences (e.g., shade tolerance) also represents an important prezygotic barrier for minimizing the negative effects of hybridization (e.g., postzygotic inviability) on reproductive fitness.Key words: cone, seed and seedling traits, genetic variation, phenology, red and black spruce.

Morphology, physiology and AFLP markers validate that green box is a hybrid of Eucalyptus largiflorens and E. gracilis (Myrtaceae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia R. Koerber ◽  
Peter A. Anderson ◽  
Jack V. Seekamp
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Index ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Murray River ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Mature Stands ◽  
Physiological Characters ◽  
Green Box

Prolonged drought and salinity on the Chowilla floodplain of the Murray River have caused deterioration of E. largiflorens F.Muell. A putative hybrid with E. gracilis F.Muell, green box, withstands the saline conditions. We aimed to substantiate that green box is a hybrid and to test for agreement between morphological and physiological characters with amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP). Mature stands were measured for leaf, trunk, floral, cotyledon, carbon and nitrogen isotope discrimination, specific leaf area (SLA) and AFLP. Green box was placed between E. largiflorens and E. gracilis according to categorical principal components analysis (CATPCA) of 21 morphological and physiological characters and character states. The hybrid index of 11 AFLP markers that were 78% species specific separated E. gracilis and E. largiflorens, and the majority of green box plants displayed indices ranging from 0.42 to 0.53, reflecting mostly additive inheritance. Calculation of the hybrid index with all 232 AFLP markers, using maximum likelihood, similarly placed green box between E. gracilis and E. largiflorens. Our morphological, physiological and AFLP-marker observations substantiated that green box is a hybrid between E. largiflorens and E. gracilis.

Growth and allocation of Picea rubens, Picea mariana, and their hybrids under ambient and elevated CO2

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 877-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Major ◽  
Alex Mosseler ◽  
Kurt H. Johnsen ◽  
Moira Campbell ◽  
John Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Picea Rubens ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Hybrid Index ◽  
Shoot To Root Ratio ◽  
Size Interaction

Red spruce (RS; Picea rubens Sarg.) – black spruce (BS; Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) controlled crosses (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 0% RS, balance BS) showed increasingly greater height with increasing proportion of BS in each successive year. Height growth of 4-year-old ambient CO2 (aCO2) grown trees was highly correlated with height of 22-year-old field-grown trees of the same or similar crosses. Bud flush was earliest in BS and declined linearly with increasing proportion of RS with no significant CO2 effect. Percent stem (stem + branches) mass increased under elevated CO2 (eCO2), a quarter of which was due to ontogeny. Conversely, percent needle mass had a significant negative relationship with increasing tree size, and there was a CO2 × tree size interaction. Shoot-to-root ratio was greatest for BS, whereas RS had among the lowest. Hybrid index (HI) 50 had the greatest root mass allocation, lowest shoot-to-root ratio, and among the greatest total mass under eCO2. Growth efficiency increased with tree size and eCO2 but decreased with HI. Percent total biomass stimulation under eCO2 was lowest for BS at 6.5%, greatest for HI 50 at 20.3%, and RS had 17.5%.

Genetic variation of red spruce in the Maritimes

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Fowler ◽  
Y. S. Park ◽  
A. G. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Hybrid Index ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Variation Pattern ◽  
Breeding Zone

Red spruce, Picearubens Sarg., from 30 provenances was tested over a 23-year period at six locations in the Maritimes Region of Canada. Twenty-eight of the provenances were from the Maritimes Region and two were from West Virginia. Hybrid index was used to distinguish pure red spruce from red–black spruce derivatives. Trees from three of the Maritimes provenances were considered to be of hybrid origin. These three provenances produced the fastest-growing trees in the tests. The genetic variation pattern, at the provenance level, in pure red spruce of Maritimes origin is not well defined. Use of seed from provenances identified as superior for reforestation would result in about 10% greater height and diameter growth than would be obtained from average seed. The use of seed of poor provenances could result in a corresponding loss of growth. Height at ages 10, 15, and 23 years and diameter at age 23 years were all strongly correlated, suggesting that superior provenances of red spruce can be identified at age 10. The Maritimes Region can be considered as a single breeding zone for tree improvement efforts with red spruce.

The Occurrence of Hybrid Swarms of Red and Black Spruces in Central New Brunswick

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. M. Manley
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Hybrid Index ◽  
Site Preferences ◽  
Hybrid Swarms ◽  
Respective Characteristic ◽  
The Ideal

The data obtained by rating 50 plots in red × black spruce populations throughout central New Brunswick with a hybrid index indicate that red and black spruces have hybridized extensively. In the New Brunswick Lowland, gentle slopes and flat uplands form a continuum between characteristic habitats, permitting extensive contact between the two species. Where a considerable zone of contact was present, hybrid populations were established. Selection pressure is apparently strong, for despite the ideal opportunities for contact and the fertility of the hybrids, parental species remain phenotypically pure in their respective characteristic habitats (as far as these could be defined). The composition of hybrid populations was related to the extent of resemblance of 'intermediate' sites to parental site preferences. Introgressed black spruce predominated in hybrid populations, possibly due to the overriding influence of disturbances such as fire, logging, and damage to red spruce types by spruce budworm.

Seasonal differences in freezing tolerance of yellow-cedar and western hemlock trees at a site affected by yellow-cedar decline

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 2065-2070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G Schaberg ◽  
Paul E Hennon ◽  
David V D'Amore ◽  
Gary J Hawley ◽  
Catherine H Borer
Keyword(s):  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
Species Specific

To assess whether inadequate cold hardiness could be a contributor to yellow-cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach) decline, we measured the freezing tolerance of foliage from yellow-cedar trees in closed-canopy (nondeclining) and open-canopy (declining at elevations below 130 m) stands at three sites along an elevational gradient in the heart of the decline in southeastern Alaska. Foliar freezing tolerance was also assessed for sympatric nondeclining western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.). Measurements were made in the fall, winter, and spring to evaluate if seasonal differences in cold hardiness help explain species-specific injury. Significant differences in freezing tolerance attributable to site, canopy closure, species, and the interaction of canopy closure and species were each detected for at least one sample period. However, only two results were consistent with field reports of yellow-cedar decline: (1) between winter and spring measurements, yellow-cedar trees dehardened almost 13 °C more than western hemlock trees, so that yellow-cedar trees were more vulnerable to foliar freezing injury in spring than western hemlock; and (2) stands below 130 m appeared more vulnerable to freezing injury than stands above 130 m.

Causality in mortality patterns of spruce trees during a spruce budworm outbreak

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 632-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Osawa
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Hybrid Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spruce Mortality

Patterns of tree mortality in the species complex of red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.), black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and their possible hybrids that developed during a spruce budworm (Choristoneurafumiferana (Clem.)) outbreak in Maine, U.S.A., were analyzed in relation to five hypotheses of their causal mechanisms. The observed patterns of spruce mortality were primarily a result of the phenotypic variation among the spruces. Close relationships among the mean hybrid index of spruce trees in a plot and such stand variables as balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) basal area and drainage index are likely to have created coincidental correlations between tree mortality and those variables that do not necessarily reflect causality.

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