Black spruce reforestation in Kalmia heath: seedling response to forest floor mixing and mycorrhizal inoculation with Paxillus involutus

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 2007-2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg R. Walker ◽  
Azim U. Mallik
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Paxillus Involutus ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Soil Mixing ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Nutrient Concentrations

In the boreal forests of eastern Canada, black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns, Poggenb.) regeneration often fails in nutrient-poor sites dominated by Kalmia angustifolia L. occurring after nonsevere forest fire, clearcut harvesting, and insect defoliation. Traditional silvicultural treatments have limited success in regenerating these sites. We tested whether forest floor mixing and planting black spruce seedlings preinoculated with an ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungus, Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr., has potential to improve black spruce growth in Kalmia -dominated sites. We measured growth and foliar nutrient concentrations of ECM-inoculated and control black spruce seedlings planted in burned and insect-defoliated sites after forest floor mixing in Terra Nova National Park, Newfoundland. We also measured soil moisture, temperature, pH, total phenol and nutrient concentrations, litter decomposition, and soil respiration in those sites. Seedlings in soil-mixed plots had significantly higher growth and foliar nutrient concentrations than nonmixed plots, likely because soil mixing improved the substrate conditions by increased soil moisture, pH, and litter decomposition. Seedlings in insect-defoliated sites had significantly higher increases in height and foliar nutrient concentrations than those in the burned sites. Inoculated seedlings had significantly higher initial ECM formation than the control seedlings, but they failed to achieve higher growth.

The influence of mountain alder on the growth, nutrition, and survival of black spruce and Sitka spruce in an afforested heathland near Mobile, Newfoundland

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
André J. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Litter Fall ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Ecological Basis ◽  
Alder Leaf Litter

The natural invasion of mountain alder (Alnuscrispa (Ait.) Pursh) into monoculture plantations of black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) afforded an opportunity to assess the effects of mountain alder on soils, and on the growth, nutrient status, and survival of spruce in eastern Newfoundland. The plantations were established on ploughed Kalmia–Vaccinium heath in 1968–1969. Significant increases in the growth of spruce were associated with the presence of high densities of mountain alder in the two plantations studied. The increases began 3–6 years after the invasion and establishment of mountain alder. Estimated nitrogen (N) contributions to each plantation from mountain alder leaf litter fall were approximately 50 kg•ha−1•year−1. Spruce foliage N content was 10–15% higher in high-density mountain alder (HD-alder) plots than in low-density mountain alder (LD-alder) plots, but other foliar nutrient concentrations were low and possibly deficient in the HD-alder plots. Development of a litter fall–humus layer was observed in HD-alder plots but not in LD-alder plots; however, B-horizon soil-N values did not differ significantly between HD-alder and LD-alder plots. The mountain alder invasion did not reduce the densities (stems/ha) of spruce. Additional studies on the autecology of Alnus spp. native to Newfoundland, and on alder-spruce interaction are recommended to further the development of an adequate ecological basis for heathland and peatland afforestation in the region.

Nutrient status and growth of black spruce layers and planted seedlings in response to nutrient addition in the boreal forest of Quebec

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 729-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raynald Paquin ◽  
Hank A Margolis ◽  
René Doucet
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Nutrient Addition ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Nutrient Concentrations

The effect of nutrient addition (fertilization with N, P, and K at a rate of 448, 224, and 224 kg ·ha-1, respectively) on height growth, root biomass, leaf area, and foliar nutrient concentrations of slow-growing layers and newly planted seedlings of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) was evaluated on an apparently productive mesic site in Quebec. Annual height growth increment of fertilized layers was greater than 20 cm ·year-1compared with 3-4 cm ·year-1for the other three treatments. Fine root biomass (< 2 mm in diameter) and leaf area growth were significantly higher for fertilized layers and seedlings compared with their respective controls. For both current and 1-year-old needles, foliar N concentration on a unit leaf area basis increased significantly for both layers and seedlings, and vector analysis showed that, in all cases, N was the most limiting nutrient. Five growing seasons after treatment, the only residual effect of fertilization on foliar nutrient concentrations was higher foliar N in fertilized seedlings. Thus, it appears that the slow growth of the unfertilized layers on this site was due to resource limitation rather than to the type of regeneration as such.

Unusual effect of controlling aboveground competition by Ledum groenlandicum on black spruce (Picea mariana) in boreal forested peatland

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 2058-2062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lavoie ◽  
David Paré ◽  
Yves Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Advance Regeneration ◽  
Aboveground Competition ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Ledum Groenlandicum ◽  
Forested Peatland

Poor growth of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) has been associated with the presence of Ledum groenlandicum L. (Ledum) on some sites in the eastern boreal forest in Canada. To increase black spruce productivity on lowland sites, a study was carried out to test the effect of mechanical control of Ledum (by clipping) on black spruce growth on forested peatland in northwestern Quebec. We compared the growth and foliar nutrient concentrations of advance-regeneration black spruce seedlings with and without Ledum control. Contrary to our expectations, our results showed that 3-year control of aboveground competition by Ledum decreased rather than increased black spruce growth and had no effect on foliar nutrient concentrations. Ledum grows on a variety of site types; therefore, the mere presence of this species does not necessarily indicate that there will be a problem with conifer regeneration (growth and germination).

OXYGEN IN WATER CULTURE INFLUENCES GROWTH AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF JACK PINE, BLACK SPRUCE AND WHITE SPRUCE SEEDLINGS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. ZINKAN ◽  
J. K. JEGLUM ◽  
D. E. HARVEY
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Species Tolerance ◽  
Foliar Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Spruce Needles

Seedlings of white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss), black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.), and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) showed significant reductions in all measures of growth and vitality at the 2.0 ppm O2 level (27% saturation), and relatively low values for root lengths and root length/shoot length ratios at the 3.3 ppm O2 level (44% saturation). Nitrogen was marginally deficient in white spruce needles in the 2.0 ppm treatment. Foliar N and K attained lower values for all species in the 2.0 ppm O2 treatment, whereas Mg, Ca and Fe generally attained highest values at 2.0 ppm O2. Similar measures of growth, vitality and foliar nutrient concentrations were obtained for 4.5, 5.4 and 7.5 ppm O2 (60, 72 and 100% saturation), indicating that all these levels provided optimal aeration. Differences in measures of growth, vitality and foliar nutrient concentration suggest that the order of species tolerance to poor aeration from greatest to least is black spruce, jack pine and white spruce.

scholarly journals Response of a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stand to application of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and lime. 1. Soil data

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-265
Author(s):  
G. Arnold ◽  
A. Van Diest
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Transient Effects ◽  
Soil Inorganic N ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Scots Pine Forest

In 1985-1988, a 25-yr-old Scots pine forest in Netherlands was limed and fertilized with P, K and Mg in a 24 factorial design and in an experiment with 5 liming levels, in order to alleviate potential nutrient deficiencies as a result of high N depositions (ca. 40 kg ha-1 yr-1). In this paper, effects of fertilization and liming on nutrients in forest floor and mineral soil are discussed as a basis for explanation of foliar nutrient concentrations and tree performance. Of all treatments, liming showed the widest array of effects, especially in forest floor: raised pH and lowered extractable Al in forest floor, and after 4 yr those in 0-50 cm mineral soil. These effects, except for that on forest floor pH, were stronger with increasing lime dosages. Liming showed transient effects on amounts of soil inorganic N (Ni). Until 1989, Ni in forest floor was lowered and that in mineral soil was raised by liming. This could be attributed to the formation of NO3, which is more mobile than NH4. Plots limed with 3 t lime/ha appeared to have higher Ni concentrations in the whole sampled profile than those limed with >3 t/ha or unlimed plots, the reason for which is unclear. Liming removed extractable K and Mg from forest floor probably by exchange against Ca. Residence time of added P and possibly Mg in forest floor was increased by liming, probably by solubility of added fertilizers. Added K was poorly retained in forest floor and probably quickly leached to soil layers deeper than 50 cm.

Ten-year growth response to fertilizers by semimature black spruce and spruce-poplar mixedwoods near Kapuskasing, Ontario

1991 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. K. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Nutrient Concentrations

Five- and 10-year mean DBH, BA and volume growth responses to N, P and K fertilizer combinations are reported for three field trials in semimature black spruce and spruce-poplar mixedwoods in the clay belt of northern Ontario. Responses, though present, were generally nonsignificant. Modest responses to N, improved somewhat by the addition of K, but not P, were noted in a pure black spruce stand on an upland site. On a lowland site, however, no response by pure black spruce to either N or K, and only a small, nonsignificant response to P, were noted. In an upland mixedwood stand containing mainly black spruce and balsam poplar, responses were variable. In comparison with jack pine in northern Ontario, black spruce has responded poorly to mineral fertilizers. Results are discussed in relation to foliar nutrient concentrations and are compared with results from other fertilizer trials in the eastern boreal forest.

Characteristics of Arboreal Marsupial Habitat in the Semi-Arid Woodlands of Northern Queensland.

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Munks ◽  
R Corkrey ◽  
WJ Foley
Keyword(s):  
Water Concentration ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Faecal Pellet ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Brushtail Possum ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Arboreal Habitat ◽  
Semi Arid

The distribution of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) and the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) within the Prairie-Torrens Creek Alluvials province of the Desert Upland region of north-western Queensland was examined. The optimum habitat for each species as indicated by the occurrence of faecal pellet groups was found to be that associated with creek-lines. However, other land types were also used by each species to varying degrees. The relationship between various habitat variables and pellet group counts was investigated using Multiple regression and a Generalised linear model. Proximity to creek-bed, total basal area of trees, species richness and Acacia basal area (negative) best explained the occurrence of koalas. Proximity to creek-bed, Acacia basal area (negative), total basal area of trees, and available water (negative) best explained the occurrence of brushtail possums. In contrast to studies of arboreal species in the moist-south-eastern forests of Australia no relationship was found between foliar nutrient concentrations and the occurrence of koalas or brushtail possums. However, a significant relationship was found between leaf water concentration and the occurrence of koalas. It is suggested that water availability is the paramount factor defining preferred arboreal habitat in arid and semi-arid woodlands.

Forest floor mass and nutrients in two chronosequences of plantations: Jack pine vs. black spruce

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Krause
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Natural Forests

The purpose of this study was to determine whether change of forest cover had an effect on the development of the organic surface horizons, particularly on those variables that influence nutrient cycling and forest productivity. Jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) plantations were selected from among the youngest to oldest (2–16 yr) within a 100 km2 area in southeastern New Brunswick. Natural forests were also included as benchmark sites. The forest floor and tree foliage was sampled and trees measured on 0.05-ha plots. The forest floor samples were used to determine organic mass, nutrient contents and pH. In pine plantations, organic matter accumulated rapidly during the period of exponential tree growth, but leveled off at about 45 Mg ha–1. This was within the range of benchmark sites with mixed conifer-hardwood cover. In spruce plantations, the forest floor mass ranged upward to 77 Mg ha–1. Development was strongly influenced by the nature of the previous forest. Spruce forest floors were on average more acid and had lower nutrient concentrations, particularly N and Ca. The observed differences suggest that nutrients are recycled more rapidly in the pine plantations, partly explaining the superior growth of the latter. Key words: Forest floor, Kalmia angustifolia L., Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P., Pinus banksiana Lamb., nutrient cycling, plantation forest

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