Determining the main and interactive effect of age and clone on wood density, microfibril angle, and modulus of elasticity for Pinus radiata

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1550-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Watt ◽  
Charles Sorensson ◽  
Dave J. Cown ◽  
Heidi S. Dungey ◽  
Robert Evans
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Clonal Variation

Detailed radial measurements of wood properties, taken at breast height, were obtained from control pollinated seedlings and a selection of 13 year old radiata pine ( Pinus radiata D. Don) clones. Using these data the key objectives of this study were to determine (i) the magnitude of mean clonal variation in modulus of elasticity (MOE) and properties affecting MOE (density and microfibril angle (MFA)) and (ii) whether there is a significant age × clone interaction for these traits. All wood properties were significantly affected by the main and interactive effects of age and clone. There was a relatively linear increase in both MOE and density with tree age, while MFA declined linearly with tree age. Values of density and MOE diverged between the clonal extremes from age 3 to age 12. After diverging markedly up to age 6, differences in MFA between clonal extremes remained relatively constant to age 12. At age 12, values for density, MFA, and MOE varied between clonal extremes by, respectively, 194 kg·m–3 (465–659 kg·m–3), 11.3° (9.6–20.9°), and 11.2 GPa (10.4–21.6 GPa). The seedling material had a relatively intermediate ranking, across the age range, for all traits considered.

Influence of stocking on radial and longitudinal variation in modulus of elasticity, microfibril angle, and density in a 24-year-old Pinus radiata thinning trial

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1422-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Watt ◽  
Branislav Zoric ◽  
Mark O. Kimberley ◽  
Jonathan Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Graphical Model ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Longitudinal Variation ◽  
Maximum Difference

Detailed radial measurements of wood properties at four heights (0, 1.4, 5, and 20 m) were taken from 24-year-old Pinus radiata D. Don growing at four final crop stockings (200, 350, 500, and 1100 stems·ha–1). Using these measurements, the objectives of the study were to examine pith-to-bark trends at several heights to (i) determine how stocking influenced modulus of elasticity (MoE), wood density, and microfibril angle (MFA), (ii) quantify the relations among these properties and age at different stocking levels, and (iii) develop a graphical model for MoE across the stocking range. The influence of stocking on all wood properties was primarily expressed through a highly significant interaction between age and stocking. Wood properties in the highest stocking treatment diverged from those in the lowest stocking treatment at tree age 5 to reach a maximum difference of 92 kg·m–3 (488 vs. 580 kg·m–3) at tree age 18 for density, –5.7° (29.2° vs. 23.5°) at tree age 10 for MFA, and 5.1 GPa (12.1 vs. 17.2 GPa) at tree age 20 years for MoE. Graphical predictions from the model show greatest gains in MoE at high final crop stocking to occur over the lower part of the stem.

Development of a model describing modulus of elasticity across environmental and stand density gradients in plantation-grown Pinus radiata within New Zealand

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1558-1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Watt ◽  
Branislav Zoric
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Clonal Variation ◽  
Simple Formulation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Level Model ◽  
End Use

Modulus of elasticity (E) is an important property in plantation grown softwoods that describes resistance of timber to deformation under load and is a key criterion in machine stress grading. This paper presents an accurate (R2 = 0.96) site-level model of E for radiata pine ( Pinus radiata D. Don) that is applicable across a wide range of tree ages and broad environmental gradients and sensitive to a wide variation in stand density. In the final model, E increased sigmoidally with age and increased linearly with both stem slenderness (height/diameter at 1.4 m) and mean minimum autumn air temperature. For a given age, the model shows stem slenderness to be the main determinant of environmental variation in E, with variation in E ranging approximately 10 GPa across the range in slenderness. Given the simple formulation, this model could be readily used by managers to gain greater understanding of how they can manipulate stands to achieve desired end-use products and maximize crop value. Further research should extend the developed framework so that it can be used to account for intratree, intertree, and clonal variation in E.

Inheritance of density, microfibril angle, and modulus of elasticity in juvenile wood of Pinus radiata at two locations in Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2164-2174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian S. Baltunis ◽  
Harry X. Wu ◽  
Mike B. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Selection For

A total of 1640 increment cores from 343 radiata pine ( Pinus radiata D. Don) families were sampled at two second-generation progeny trials, aged 6 and 7 years, for a detailed genetic study of juvenile wood quality traits. Density, microfibril angle (MFA), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) were determined from pith to bark using SilviScan® technology. Heritability was greatest for area-weighted density at the two sites (0.63 and 0.77, respectively), and the lowest for growth traits (<0.23). Genotype by environment interaction was low for all three wood quality traits. A positive genetic correlation between density and MOE (0.43), and a highly negative, and therefore, favourable genetic correlation between MFA and MOE (–0.92) were observed, implying that improvement of multiple juvenile wood properties is possible. The genetic correlations between whole-core wood quality traits and individual-ring measurements suggest that improvement for juvenile wood properties across the entire profile of the corewood including the innermost rings can be achieved. However, density, MFA, and MOE had unfavourable genetic correlations with diameter growth suggesting that selection for increased density and MOE, and reduced MFA in the absence of selection for growth will result in a genetic loss for growth rate.

Implications of selection history on genetic architecture of growth, form, and wood-quality traits in Pinus radiata

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 2372-2381 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kumar ◽  
R. D. Burdon ◽  
G. T. Stovold ◽  
L. D. Gea
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Selection History

Clonal trials of Pinus radiata D. Don (radiata pine), representing two populations (or breeds), one selected for growth and form (GF) and the other selected for high wood density as well as growth and form (HD), were replicated on two low-altitude New Zealand sites: Tarawera (pumice soil, 38°08′S) and Woodhill (coastal dune, 36°42′S). The GF material comprised 33 pair-crosses (19 parents) × 10 clones, and the HD material comprised 19 single-pair crosses (35 parents) × 10 clones, with six ramets per clone per site. Diameter (DBH), two tree-form variables, and needle retention (NRA) were assessed 8 years after planting, and wood density (DEN), acoustic velocity, and collapse were assessed 9 years after planting. The site differences were generally expressed more strongly in the GF population. Estimated genetic parameters were mostly similar for the two breeds, except that genotypic correlation between DBH and DEN was apparently zero in the HD population. Estimated broad-sense heritabilities (H2) were generally markedly higher than narrow-sense heritability estimates (h2), except with DEN. Estimated between-site type-B clonal genotypic correlations were generally high (>0.8) for wood properties. Overall, DBH showed adverse genetic correlations with wood properties. The Elite/Breed strategy appeared to be helpful in combating adverse genetic correlations.

scholarly journals Effect of number of annual rings and tree ages on genomic predictive ability for solid wood properties of Norway spruce 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linghua Zhou(Former Corresponding Author) ◽  
Zhiqiang Chen ◽  
Lars Olsson ◽  
Thomas Grahn ◽  
Bo Karlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Standing Tree ◽  
Increment Core ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BACKGROUND: Genomic selection (GS) or genomic prediction is considered as a promising approach to accelerate tree breeding and increase genetic gain by shortening breeding cycle, but the efforts to develop routines for operational breeding are so far limited. We investigated the predictive ability (PA) of GS based on 484 progeny trees from 62 half-sib families in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) for wood density, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and microfibril angle (MFA) measured with SilviScan, as well as for measurements on standing trees by Pilodyn and Hitman instruments. RESULTS: GS predictive abilities were comparable with those based on pedigree-based prediction. Marker-based PAs were generally 25-30% higher for traits density, MFA and MOE measured with SilviScan than for their respective standing tree-based method which measured with Pilodyn and Hitman. Prediction accuracy (PC) of the standing tree-based methods were similar or even higher than increment core-based method. 78-95% of the maximal PAs of density, MFA and MOE obtained from coring to the pith at high age were reached by using data possible to obtain by drilling 3-5 rings towards the pith at tree age 10-12. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates standing tree-based measurements is a cost-effective alternative method for GS. PA of GS methods were comparable with those pedigree-based prediction. The highest PAs were reached with at least 80-90% of the dataset used as training set. Density could be conducted at an earlier age than for MFA and MOE. Operational breeding can also be optimized by training the model at an earlier age or using 3 to 5 outermost rings at tree age 10 to 12 years, thereby shortening the cycle and reducing the impact on the tree.

scholarly journals Genetics of Shrinkage in Juvenile Trees of Pinus radiata D. Don From Two Test Sites in Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Gapare ◽  
M. Ivković ◽  
M. B. Powell ◽  
T. A. McRae ◽  
H. X. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Longitudinal Shrinkage ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Radial Shrinkage ◽  
Progeny Tests

Abstract To examine the genetic control of wood shrinkage (radial, tangential and longitudinal) in juvenile wood of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don), we assessed samples collected at breast height in two related progeny tests of age 8 and 9 years, established at two different sites in Australia. Green to oven-dry tangential and radial shrinkage for the outer-rings was similar at both sites. Similarly, mean longitudinal shrinkage for the outer-rings was similar at both sites (0.3%, ranging from 0.1 to 1.9 at Flynn and 0.4%, ranging from 0.02 to 1.6, at Kromelite). Mean longitudinal shrinkage for the inner-rings was 4 times greater than that of the outerrings at both sites. The magnitude of the gradient of longitudinal shrinkage from pith to bark (0.001 to 2.9%) is large enough to cause distortion problems including twist and warp, during drying of sawn boards. These values also suggest that shrinkage in the juvenile core of radiata pine is of major economic importance and therefore should be improved either through genetics or silviculture. Individual-tree narrow-sense individual heritability for tangential and radial shrinkage in the outer-rings (4-6) was moderate at Flynn (0.24 ± 0.09 and 0.26±0.07, respectively). There was a lack of significant genetic variation for longitudinal shrinkage in the outer-rings but significant genetic control for the inner-rings (1-2) (h2 = 0.26 ± 0.07). More samples per family are required to detect significant genetic variation for shrinkage traits than other traits due to higher background variation in sampling and measuring shrinkage traits relative to other wood quality traits such as density, microfibril angle (MfA), spiral grain and modulus of elasticity (MoE).

Stiffness Prediction of Radiata Pine Clearwood Test Pieces Using near Infrared Spectroscopy

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Thumm ◽  
Roger Meder
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
The Mean

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been used to predict the modulus of elasticity (stiffness) of samples taken from knot-free sapwood specimens of radiata pine ( Pinus radiata D. Don). The method shows the potential of using NIR spectroscopy for assessment of lumber stiffness. A model based on NIR spectra taken on the radial face of 404 samples of radiata pine clearwood was established to predict stiffness. Samples were moved past the detector at a rate of 900 mm min−1. This model then was used to predict the stiffness of a further 80 samples and the results show an error in prediction of 14% of the mean measured value.

scholarly journals VARIATION OF MICROFIBRIL ANGLE OF Pinus radiata D. Don IN RELATION TO TREE SPACING IN CHILEAN PLANTATIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Alteyrac
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

ABSTRACTFour stands of 28-year-old radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) grown in the eighth region (Biobio) of Chile were sampled to determine the effect of tree spacing on the microfibril angle. The samples were taken at two different stem levels of the tree, 2.5 m and 7.5 m, with increment strip taken in the Nothern direction. The four experimental stands were characterized by the following spacing 2x2, 2x3, 3x4 and 4x4. The microfibril angle was measured by X-ray diffraction with the SilviScan technology at the FP-Innovation-Paprican Division in Vancouver, Canada. The results showed a significant effect of tree spacing on the microfibril angle in both juvenile wood and mature wood as well as at the two stem levels considered. The minimum (9.42º) was reached in 2x2 stand at 7.5 m in mature wood, while maximum microfibril angle (24.54º) was obtained in 2x3 stand at 2.5 m in juvenile wood. Regarding the effect of tree spacing, 4x4 stand had the lowest microfibril angle,except in mature wood at 7.5 m where 4x4 had the highest microfibril angle (11°) of the four stands.

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