Effects of fuelwood harvesting on biodiversity — a review focused on the situation in Europe1This article is one of a selection of papers from the International Symposium on Dynamics and Ecological Services of Deadwood in Forest Ecosystems.

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1421-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Bouget ◽  
Aurore Lassauce ◽  
Mats Jonsell
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Peak Oil ◽  
Forest Ownership ◽  
Forest Practices ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
Selection Of

A continually increasing demand for energy and concerns about climate change, greenhouse gas emissions and peak oil have prompted countries to develop policies that promote renewable energy including forest-based bioenergy. In Europe, fuelwood-driven changes in forestry are likely to impact habitat conditions for forest biodiversity. We conducted a systematic literature overview based on 88 papers to synthesize research findings and gaps in knowledge. At the stand scale, but also on a landscape scale, deadwood availability and profile are altered by several practices: whole-tree harvesting and postharvest recovery of logging residues and stumps, for instance. Large-scale fuelwood removal may, on a landscape scale, jeopardize the amounts and diversity of substrate that saproxylic organisms require as food and habitat. Besides, bioenergy-related forest practices also affect nonsaproxylic biodiversity through physical (e.g., soil compaction and disturbance) and chemical changes in soil properties associated with fuelwood removal and increased machine traffic. Moreover, the extended density of internal edges threatens interior forest species populations. Important effects differ substantially between boreal and nemoral forests because of contrasts in management systems, structure of forest ownership, and ecological properties. Developing relevant operational guidelines to partially mitigate ecological damage on biodiversity should be based on our compiled cautionary statements but require further large-scale and long-term research.

scholarly journals Can benchmarking Australian hospitals for quality identify and improve high and low performers? Disseminating research findings for hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hibbert ◽  
Faisal Saeed ◽  
Natalie Taylor ◽  
Robyn Clay-Williams ◽  
Teresa Winata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Health Services Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Logic Model ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Services Research ◽  
High Performer ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Multiple Domains ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This paper examines the principles of benchmarking in healthcare and how benchmarking can contribute to practice improvement and improved health outcomes for patients. It uses the Deepening our Understanding of Quality in Australia (DUQuA) study published in this Supplement and DUQuA’s predecessor in Europe, the Deepening our Understanding of Quality improvement in Europe (DUQuE) study, as models. Benchmarking is where the performances of institutions or individuals are compared using agreed indicators or standards. The rationale for benchmarking is that institutions will respond positively to being identified as a low outlier or desire to be or stay as a high performer, or both, and patients will be empowered to make choices to seek care at institutions that are high performers. Benchmarking often begins with a conceptual framework that is based on a logic model. Such a framework can drive the selection of indicators to measure performance, rather than their selection being based on what is easy to measure. A Donabedian range of indicators can be chosen, including structure, process and outcomes, created around multiple domains or specialties. Indicators based on continuous variables allow organizations to understand where their performance is within a population, and their interdependencies and associations can be understood. Benchmarking should optimally target providers, in order to drive them towards improvement. The DUQuA and DUQuE studies both incorporated some of these principles into their design, thereby creating a model of how to incorporate robust benchmarking into large-scale health services research.

scholarly journals Perspectives on the Capabilities for the Selection of Strategic Projects

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8191
Author(s):  
Khalifa Mohammed Al-Sobai ◽  
Shaligram Pokharel ◽  
Galal M. Abdella
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Project Selection ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Strategic Project ◽  
Managerial Capabilities ◽  
Selection Of

Strategic projects are large scale, complex, and require significant investments and resources. These projects aim at gaining long-term social and economic benefits. Therefore, organizations focusing on strategic projects should use a consistent approach that suits their strategy, capability, and long-term expectations. Based on the four research questions and content analysis of the literature, generic processes used for the strategic project selection in tandem with the managerial capabilities are identified in this paper. The generic processes and managerial capabilities are used to develop a generic framework for strategic project selection. The framework is used for literature analysis in the paper. The review shows that both qualitative and quantitative methods are used for strategic project selection. Some possible research directions have also been proposed at the end of the review. The paper provides value to both researchers and practitioners in terms of tools available and a guidance on project selection through a structured process framework.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN FASTETHERNET , GIGABITETHERNET DAN SERIAL DALAM JARINGAN BERBASIS ROUTING PROTOKOL EIGRP

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oris Krianto Sulaiman ◽  
Adi Widarma
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Computer Network ◽  
Network Access ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Large Scale Networks ◽  
Selection Of

Technological developments in the computer network gradually grew rapidly along with the increasing demand for network access that is efficient, stable and fast . One of the factors that affect the speed of the network is to use ethernet and a serial technology in which each of these technologies has its own characteristics to improve performance in the network. This technology is supported by a good network design . In large-scale networks is needed a high ability to improve network performance , EIGRP routing protocol enables improved network performance effectively where one of them for ethernet and serial technologies . Selection of Ethernet and serial technologies within EIGRP routing protocol would greatly assist in improving the performance of the network , with the calculation of EIGRP metric to compare which technology is better in the EIGRP routing protocol.

scholarly journals Investigating Optimizing Mirror Orbits for Dark-side Illumination

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaisa Elisabeth Anne Crawford-Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Satellite Orbit ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Satellite Orbits ◽  
Low Mass Stars ◽  
Earth Like Planets ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Side Illumination ◽  
Selection Of

When a planet is tidally locked with its star, the same side always faces the star; thus one side is always dark. This synchronization occurs quickly for potentially habitable Earth-like planets orbiting dim, low-mass stars. Korpela, Sallmen, & Leystra Greene (2015; KSG) suggest that advanced extraterrestrial civilizations may put large-scale mirror fleets in orbit around such exoplanets to reflect starlight to the dark side of the planet. They might also use such mirrors to alter the climate of their own or another planet. Radiation pressure (RP) will be important for such large, lightweight mirrors, but research on satellite orbit stability typically neglects its effects. The long-term goal of this research is to determine fuel-efficient satellite orbits in situations where RP is important. We use Python and REBOUND to simulate mirrors orbiting an Earth-like exoplanet in the habitable zone for a variety of stars. Our simulations use two settings: “Always RP” always reflects starlight towards the planet’s center while “Nighttime RP” only does so on its dark side. We found mirrors survive longer when initially orbiting face on to the star compared to edge on. We present a selection of results illustrating how RP affects the mirror’s survival time.

scholarly journals Distinct mechanisms define murine B cell lineage immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) repertoires

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Chunlin Wang ◽  
Qunying Yang ◽  
Aaron B Kantor ◽  
Hiutung Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Marginal Zone B Cells ◽  
Igh Rearrangement ◽  
Facs Sorting ◽  
Selection Of

Processes that define immunoglobulin repertoires are commonly presumed to be the same for all murine B cells. However, studies here that couple high-dimensional FACS sorting with large-scale quantitative IgH deep-sequencing demonstrate that B-1a IgH repertoire differs dramatically from the follicular and marginal zone B cells repertoires and is defined by distinct mechanisms. We track B-1a cells from their early appearance in neonatal spleen to their long-term residence in adult peritoneum and spleen. We show that de novo B-1a IgH rearrangement mainly occurs during the first few weeks of life, after which their repertoire continues to evolve profoundly, including convergent selection of certain V(D)J rearrangements encoding specific CDR3 peptides in all adults and progressive introduction of hypermutation and class-switching as animals age. This V(D)J selection and AID-mediated diversification operate comparably in germ-free and conventional mice, indicating these unique B-1a repertoire-defining mechanisms are driven by antigens that are not derived from microbiota.

Insect protein in animal nutrition

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 2029 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. de Souza-Vilela ◽  
N. R. Andrew ◽  
I. Ruhnke
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Increasing Demand

Global meat consumption per capita is expected to increase ~40% from 2019 to 2050. Over 30% of the total cropland worldwide is currently being used to produce either livestock and poultry feed or silage to meet the demand. One solution to reduce cropland use for animal feed is to increase the production of alternative protein sources. The primary protein sources for animal nutrition, including soybeans, peas and fish meal, are of increasing demand and are subsequently becoming more expensive, making their long-term use unsustainable. Insects such as the black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens), crickets (Gryllus testaceus Walker) or mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) offer a viable addition to the feed sources and can provide valuable, high-quality energy, protein and fat to an animal’s diet. Here, we review the environmental benefits of insect feedstuff, current research findings related to the use of insects for animal nutrition, and outline additional products that can generate benefits to insect producers.

Size and spacing of grouse leks: comparing capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) and black grouse (Tetrao tetrix) in two contrasting Eurasian boreal forest landscapes

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 1032-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørund Rolstad ◽  
Per Wegge ◽  
Andrey V. Sivkov ◽  
Olav Hjeljord ◽  
Ken Olaf Storaunet
Keyword(s):  
Forest Dynamics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Tetrao Urogallus ◽  
Black Grouse ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Social Attraction ◽  
Tetrao Tetrix ◽  
Habitat Affinities

Capercaillie ( Tetrao urogallus L., 1758) and black grouse ( Tetrao tetrix L., 1758 (= Lyrurus tetrix (L., 1758))) are two sympatric Eurasian lekking grouse species that differ markedly in habitat affinities and social organization. We examined how size and spacing of leks in pristine (Russia) and managed (Norway) forests were related to habitat and social behavior. Leks of both species were larger and spaced farther apart in the pristine landscape. Capercaillie leks were regularly spaced at 2–3 km distance, increasing with lek size, which in turn was positively related to the amount of middle-aged and older forests in the surrounding area. Black grouse leks were irregularly distributed at shorter distances of 1–2 km, with lek size explained by the size of the open bog arena and the amount of open habitat in the surroundings. At the landscape scale, spatial distribution of open bogs and social attraction among male black grouse caused leks to be more aggregated, whereas mutual avoidance in male capercaillie caused leks to be spaced out. In the pristine landscape, large-scale and long-term changes in forest dynamics owing to wildfires, combined with an aggregated pattern of huge bog complexes, presumably provide both grouse species with enough time and space to build up bigger lek populations than in the managed landscape.

scholarly journals BCR/ABL-negative primitive progenitors suitable for transplantation can be selected from the marrow of most early-chronic phase but not accelerated-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia patients

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 4770-4779 ◽  
Author(s):  
CM Verfaillie ◽  
R Bhatia ◽  
W Miller ◽  
F Mortari ◽  
V Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Autologous Transplantation ◽  
Philadelphia Chromosome ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Advanced Phase ◽  
Selection Of

We have previously reported that selection of marrow cells on the basis of the CD34+HLA-DR- phenotype (34+DR-) may result in the recovery of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)- and BCR/ABL-negative long-term culture- initiating cells (LTC-IC) in selected patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). We now present data on 27 early chronic-phase ([ECP] studied within 1 year after diagnosis) and 23 advanced-phase ([AP] late chronic phase, ie, studied >1 year from diagnosis, or accelerated phase) CML patients. Fluorescence-activated call-sorting (FACS)- selected 34+DR- and 34+DR+ cells were subjected to reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization. These cells were also cultured in long-term bone marrow culture for 1 to 5 weeks to examine the number of LTC-IC and the presence or absence of the BCR/ABL gene rearrangement in progeny of primitive LTC-IC. The number of 34+DR- cells and LTC-IC present in ECP CML marrow was similar to that in normal (NL) marrow, whereas the numbers were reduced in AP CML. Furthermore, 34+DR- cells from more than 80% of ECP CML patients were BCR/ABL mRNA- and Ph-negative and contained only BCR/ABL mRNA- and Ph-negative LTC-IC, whereas 34+DR- cells and LTC-IC from less than 40% of AP CML patients were BCR/ABL mRNA- and Ph-negative. In contrast to NL marrow, 34+DR+ cells from CML marrow, irrespective of clinical stage, contained large numbers of LTC- IC. CML 34+DR+ cells and LTC-IC were BCR/ABL mRNA- and Ph-positive. Since these studies suggested that a population of primitive progenitors that are Ph-negative can be selected from steady-state marrow in some ECP CML patients, we determined if similar results could be obtained when large quantities of marrow sufficient for transplantation are processed. We demonstrate that 1 to 3 x 10(5) BCR/ABL mRNA-negative 34+DR- cells/kg recipient body weight, containing only BCR/ABL mRNA-negative LTC-IC, can be obtained from a 2- to 2.5-L marrow collection by sequential COBE Spectra apheresis (COBE BCT, Lakewood, CO), CD34+ enrichment using the CEPRATE SC Cell-Concentrator (CellPro, Bothell, WA), and high-speed FACS. Thus, large-scale selection of a BCR/ABL mRNA- and Ph-negative 34+DR- cell population is possible in a fraction of chronic-phase CML patients, in whom these cells could be used to reconstitute the hematopoietic compartment following autologous transplantation.

scholarly journals ACADEMIC YOUTH’S HEALTH BEHAVIOR

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Radzimińska ◽  
Magdalena Weber-Rajek ◽  
Ewelina Lulińska-Kuklik ◽  
Urszula Kaźmierczak ◽  
Waldemar Moska
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction: A very important role in the protection of human health is their life style, their habits and patterns of conduct. Early adulthood is the best period to achieve long-term benefits from a selection of healthy living. However, the results of studies on health-related behavior of youth in Poland and in the world are not satisfactory. The purpose of the study: The purpose of the research was to assess the health behaviors of students of higher education in Bydgoszcz. Material: The study involved 272 students (124 women and 148 men) Bydgoszcz higher education students in the following fields of study: physiotherapy, nutrition, logistics and national security. The Inventory of Health-Related Behavior by Zygfryd Juczyński has been used in the research. The statistical analysis was performed using the package PQ Stat 1.6.2. Results: Throughout the treatment group an average level of health-related behavior has been shown. The results of the different categories of health-related behavior were lower than the results of the standardization groups. A higher level of health behavior has been shown in a group of medical students compared to non-medical students. The results for women were higher than men's results. Conclusions: The results of personal research and the research findings of other authors demonstrate that there is a need for implementation of programs of health promotion and health education in all fields of study.

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