Characteristics of trees damaged by sugar maple borer, Glycobiusspeciosus (Say)

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Newton ◽  
Douglas C. Allen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Sugar Maples ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
History Of

The distribution, abundance, and characteristics of sugar maples (Acersaccharum Marsh.) at time of attack by sugar maple borer, Glycobiusspeciosus (Say), were determined on 1.9 ha in Wanakena, New York. Twenty-six percent (n = 78) of the maple stems in the study area were damaged. Average dbh of trees attacked remained the same throughout the 40-year history of the infestation. Mean dbh of trees at time of attack by sugar maple borer was 18.7 cm. Percent cross-sectional area growth at breast height in control trees (3.7%) was significantly greater (P < 0.01) than growth of attacked trees (1.9%) the year preceeding year of attack. Annual mean percentage growth of successfully attacked trees declined 5–10 years prior to year of attack. The cryptic nature of much borer damage indicates that previous estimates of impact are conservative.

Distribution of Area Increment Over the Bole of Fertilized Douglas-Fir

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Mitchell ◽  
R. M. Kellogg
Keyword(s):  
Positive Response ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Volume Response

Consideration is given to the distribution of growth increment at 6 points up the stem of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) 5 years after fertilization. The fully stocked stand, near Port Alberni, B.C., was 49 years old with heights and diameters reaching 100 ft and 20 in. respectively when fertilized with 220 and 440 lb/acre of urea. No change of consequence occurred in tree form in the codominant and intermediate crown classes as a result of the volume response which was still evident, although greatly diminished, after 5 years. In dominant trees, however, cross-sectional area growth in the central third of the stem was less than the controls even though other parts of the bole showed a positive response which lasted until the 4th year. The net volume response was negligible. The estimation of volume response to fertilization in dominant trees from breast-height measurements should possibly be approached with caution.

Estimating leaf area of Abieslasiocarpa across ranges of stand density and site quality

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 930-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
James N. Long ◽  
Frederick W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Unbiased Estimates ◽  
Stand Conditions

For a given species, differences in the relation between leaf area and sapwood cross-sectional area at breast height have been attributed to the effects of varying stand density and site quality. When leaf area of Abieslasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. is estimated as a function of sapwood cross-sectional area at breast height and distance from breast height to the midpoint of the crown, the apparent effects of stand density and site quality are eliminated. A comparison of these results with those for Pinuscontorta Dougl. suggests this model form should provide unbiased estimates of leaf area for a variety of species and stand conditions.

scholarly journals The assessment sectional area of stem wood and stocks in experimental trees reclamation Western Donbass plot № 1

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
V. M. Zverkovsky ◽  
O. S. Zubkova
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height

The linear growth of forest plantations of Western Donbass’ recultivating plot №1 were studied. The established cross-sectional the area of trunks and timber reserves experimental trees.Characterized by parameters which are the volume of wood: its height, diameter at breast height and shape of the forming barrel. In diameter at breast height cross sectional area is determined and then the barrel volume is calculated. Cross sections of tree trunks are shaped like a circle or an ellipse. Knowing the volume of logs we calculated reserves of wood for trees experimental plots.The largest reserves of timber and cross-sectional area characterized planting U. pumila – 15,367 m3 and 1,9583 m2, A. platanoides – 13,328 m3 and 2,67 m2, Q. robur – 10,120 m3 and 1,452 m2, J. virginiana – 8,748 m3 and 2,106 m2. The least plantation stocks of wood characterized E. angustifolia – 1,3699 m3 and 0,3693 m2, R. pseudoacacia – 2,9478 m3 and 0,8350 m2, P. rallasiana – 3,1626 m3 and 0,3279 m2.

scholarly journals The assessment sectional area of stem wood and stocks in experimental trees reclamation Western Donbass plot № 1

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
V. M. Zverkovsky ◽  
O. S. Zubkova
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height

The linear growth of forest plantations of Western Donbass’ recultivating plot №1 were studied. The established cross-sectional the area of trunks and timber reserves experimental trees.Characterized by parameters which are the volume of wood: its height, diameter at breast height and shape of the forming barrel. In diameter at breast height cross sectional area is determined and then the barrel volume is calculated. Cross sections of tree trunks are shaped like a circle or an ellipse. Knowing the volume of logs we calculated reserves of wood for trees experimental plots.The largest reserves of timber and cross-sectional area characterized planting U. pumila – 15,367 m3 and 1,9583 m2, A. platanoides – 13,328 m3 and 2,67 m2, Q. robur – 10,120 m3 and 1,452 m2, J. virginiana – 8,748 m3 and 2,106 m2. The least plantation stocks of wood characterized E. angustifolia – 1,3699 m3 and 0,3693 m2, R. pseudoacacia – 2,9478 m3 and 0,8350 m2, P. rallasiana – 3,1626 m3 and 0,3279 m2.

Influence of fertilization on the allometric relations for two pines in contrasting environments

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1704-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stith T. Gower ◽  
Brent E. Haynes ◽  
Karin S. Fassnacht ◽  
Steve W. Running ◽  
E. Raymond Hunt Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Allometric Relations ◽  
And Control

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of fertilization on the allometric relations for red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) and ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) growing in contrasting climates. After 2 years of treatment, fertilization did not significantly affect the allometric relations between stem or branch mass and stem diameter for either species. For a similar-diameter tree, current foliage mass and area and new twig mass were significantly greater for fertilized than for control red pine and ponderosa pine. The significant increase in new foliage mass and area occurred in the upper and middle canopy for red pine and middle and lower canopy for ponderosa pine. For a similar-diameter tree, projected (one-sided) leaf area and total foliage mass were significantly greater for fertilized than for control red pine. However, leaf area and total foliage mass did not differ between similar-diameter fertilized and control ponderosa pine because fertilization decreased leaf longevity. The ratios of leaf area/sapwood cross-sectional area measured at breast height (1.37 m) were 0.14 and 0.11 for control plus fertilized red pine and ponderosa pine, respectively, and were greater (but not significantly) for fertilized than for control trees, while the ratios of leaf area/sapwood cross-sectional area measured at the base of live crown were significantly greater for fertilized than for control red pine and ponderosa pine.

Bud production of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii) seedlings: response to shrub and hardwood competition

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1300-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Tappeiner II ◽  
Thomas F. Hughes ◽  
Steven D. Tesch
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Area Growth

Shrubs and hardwoods in five plantations of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) in southwestern Oregon were treated to obtain four or five levels of competition; cover ranged from 0 (complete control) to 100% (no treatment). On four of the five plantations, Douglas-fir seedlings significantly increased bud production on the leader in the first growing season after treatment. Buds were more responsive to level of competition than were leader length or growth in stem diameter, for which significant differences were not usually observed until the second growing season after treatment. Bud number on the leader apparently is a good indicator of seedling vigor. Leader, stem diameter, and stem cross-sectional area growth in the 2nd and 3rd years after treatment were positively correlated with the number of buds produced on the leader in the first growing season following treatment.

scholarly journals Measurement of the adult human midbrain with transcranial ultrasound

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247920
Author(s):  
Karl Aoun ◽  
Kay L. Double ◽  
Verity Pearson-Dennett ◽  
Rezzak Yilmaz ◽  
Daniela Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methamphetamine Use ◽  
History Of ◽  
Substantia Nigra Echogenicity

Background Transcranial sonography is increasingly used to aid clinical diagnoses of movement disorders, for example, to identify an enlarged area of substantia nigra echogenicity in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Objective The current study investigated characteristics of the midbrain at the anatomical plane for quantification of substantia nigra echogenicity. METHODS: Area of substantia nigra echogenicity, cross-sectional area of the midbrain, and interpeduncular angle were quantified in two groups of adults aged 18–50 years: 47 healthy non-drug-using controls (control group) and 22 individuals with a history of methamphetamine use (methamphetamine group), a cohort with a high prevalence of enlarged substantia nigra echogenicity and thus risk of Parkinson’s disease. Results In the control group, cross-sectional area of the midbrain (4.47±0.44 cm2) and interpeduncular angle were unaffected by age, sex, or image acquisition side. In the methamphetamine group, cross-sectional midbrain area (4.72±0.60 cm2) and area of substantia nigra echogenicity were enlarged compared to the control group, and the enlargement was sex-dependent (larger in males than females). Whole midbrain area and interpeduncular angle were found to be weak predictors of area of substantia nigra echogenicity after accounting for group and sex. Conclusions History of methamphetamine use is associated with an enlarged midbrain and area of substantia nigra echogenicity, and the abnormality is more pronounced in males than females. Thus, males may be more susceptible to methamphetamine-induced changes to the brainstem, and risk of Parkinson’s disease, than females.

Use of Small Plots Can Overestimate Upper Limits to Basal Area and Biomass

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Harry G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Subalpine Fir ◽  
Good Relationship ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Upper Limits

Measurements of cross-sectional area outside bark at breast height in a spruce – subalpine fir forest were studied to determine the effects of plot size on minimum and maximum amounts of basal area sampled per unit area. Assuming a good relationship between basal area and biomass of trees, the need for careful interpretation of stand weight estimates on small plots is illustrated.

Oestrogenic damage and reduced fertility in ewe flocks in south Western Australia

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
NR Adams ◽  
MR Sanders ◽  
AJ Ritar
Keyword(s):  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Histological Sections ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lambing Rate

Prolonged exposure to oestrogen causes transsexual redifferentiation in the ewe, which can be assessed experimentally by measuring the cross-sectional area of lamina propria (lp) tissue lying underneath the cervical folds in the mid-cervix. The extent of transsexual redifferentiation caused by prolonged exposure to clover oestrogens was measured in ewes from 13 farms in Western Australia. Groups of 90-157 mature ewes were mated under normal farming husbandry, and consigned to the abattoirs 6-8 weeks later. Histological sections were prepared from the mid cervix of 37-80 ewes from each flock. The area of lp was increased in ewes from the three farms with a history of infertility due to oestrogenic clover, when compared with ewes from the four farms in non-clover areas. Overall, the mean area of lp in ewes from the 13 farms was correlated (r = 0.81, P < 0.01) with the proportion of non-pregnant ewes, but less so with the potential lambing rate as judged by the number of foetuses/100 ewes (r = -0.51, N.S.). This contrast came about because flocks affected by oestrogen-induced transdifferentiation also tended to have higher ovulation rates; a regression including both the ovulation rate and area of lp accounted for 89010 of the variation between flocks in potential lambing rate. It is concluded that clover oestrogens are an important cause of the relatively high proportion of ewes which fail to lamb in Western Australia.

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