Multiple-trait selection in jack pine

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Adams ◽  
E. K. Morgenstern
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Multiple Trait ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Stem Straightness ◽  
Variance And Covariance Components

Open-pollinated jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) families were evaluated at four sites in New Brunswick after seven growing seasons for height growth, crown quality, stem straightness, branch angle, and relative branch diameter. Variance and covariance components were estimated to determine heritability of traits and genetic correlations between traits. Results indicated that there is a negative genetic correlation between height growth and all other traits. Selection based on height growth alone would result in degradation of quality traits of secondary economic importance at this age. A restricted selection index approach was examined for family roguing in seedling seed orchards because of the adverse genetic relationships between traits. Such an approach may be used to hold secondary quality traits constant, although some loss in maximum potential genetic gain in height at 7 years is incurred.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters of growth and quality traits in open-pollinated silver birch progeny tests

Silva Fennica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnis Gailis ◽  
Pauls Zeltiņš ◽  
Andis Purviņš ◽  
Juris Augustovs ◽  
Valts Vīndedzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Stem Straightness ◽  
Stem Quality

Genetic parameters of growth and stem quality traits were estimated for open-pollinated silver birch Roth progenies in Latvia at the age of 10 and 14 years. Tree height and stem volume were found to be under strong genetic control at both inventories (narrow-sense heritabilities varied from 0.41 to 0.66). Mainly low heritabilities were found for stem defects, yet genetic control of branch diameter, stem straightness and overall stem quality varied from low to high depending on study site. High additive genetic coefficient of variation was found for stem volume (25.3–32.5%). Genetic correlations among growth traits were strong and positive (0.90–0.99). Mainly weak genetic correlations between growth and quality traits implied simultaneous improvement. Still, strong negative correlations between branch angle and stem straightness might result in enlarged knot size for straighter logs. The genetic age-age correlations were strong. Weak genotype by environment interaction and stability of best genotypes over different sites was indicated by strong genetic correlations between trials. Each growth or quality trait alone showed substantial improvement in terms of estimated genetic gain (up to 62% over trial mean for stem volume). Therefore, selection index combining both growth and stem quality may be developed.Betula pendula

scholarly journals Five Years of Vegetation Succession Following Vegetation Management Treatments in a Jack Pine Ecosystem

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Pitt ◽  
Andrée E. Morneault ◽  
Philip Bunce ◽  
F.Wayne Bell
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Crown Closure

Abstract Five years of data on vegetation dynamics and succession are provided for six operational release treatments applied to three 2- to 4-yr-old jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) plantations in central Ontario. Treatments included 3 yr of annual noncrop vegetation removal, conventional aerial spray with glyphosate (1.42 kg ae/ha), ground application of glyphosate with a mist blower, basal-bark application of triclopyr, motor-manual cutting (brush saw), and no treatment. Conventional aerial spraying and annual removal resulted in the greatest jack pine crop growth, with trees exceeding 90% crown closure, 7 cm in groundline diameter, and 3 m in height (stem volume index = 5.1 dm³) after 5 growing seasons. The cover of herbaceous plants was highest (30–50%) in the aerial spray plots during the observation period. Deciduous tree, shrub, and fern species remained well represented on these plots, although total cover and height were low (≤ 35% and 1 m, respectively). Mist-blower and brush-saw plots contained mid-sized pine (3.5 dm³) with 69% crown closure. In contrast, untreated and basal-bark plots contained the smallest pine (2.3 dm3 and 31% crown closure), likely caused by heavy competition and herbicide damage, respectively. On mist-blower and basal-bark plots, good height growth was observed on untreated deciduous trees; low-shrub and fern cover remained high (46 and 30%, respectively); and herbaceous cover increased gradually to 22%. On brush-saw plots, recovery of woody cover was rapid, but height growth was relatively slow. Deciduous trees and tall shrubs dominated untreated sites (> 70% cover) by the end of the fifth growing season. Successional trends suggest that aerial spray and annual removal treatments will produce pure jack pine stands at maturity; mist blower, basal bark, and brush-saw treatments may produce mixedwood stands; and untreated plots will likely be dominated by hardwoods. North. J. Appl. For. 17(3):100–109.

Can we breed Merino sheep with softer, whiter, more photostable wool?

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hatcher ◽  
P. I. Hynd ◽  
K. J. Thornberry ◽  
S. Gabb
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Current Generation ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Initial Cohort ◽  
Selection For

Genetic parameters (heritability, phenotypic and genetic correlations) were estimated for a range of visual and measured wool traits recorded from the 2008 shearing of the initial cohort of Merino progeny born into the Sheep CRC’s Information Nucleus Flock. The aim of this initial analysis was to determine the feasibility of selectively breeding Merino sheep for softer, whiter, more photostable wool and to quantify the likely impact on other wool production and quality traits. The estimates of heritability were high for handle and clean colour (0.86 and 0.70, respectively) and moderate for photostability (0.18), with some evidence of maternal effects for both handle and photostability. The phenotypic correlations between handle and clean colour and between handle and photostability were close to zero, indicating that achieving the ‘triple’ objective of softer, whiter, more photostable wool in the current generation through phenotypic selection alone would be difficult. There was evidence of an antagonistic relationship between handle and photostability (–0.36), such that genetic selection for softer wool will produce less photostable wool that will yellow on exposure to UV irradiation. However genetic selection for whiter wool is complementary to photostability and will result in whiter wool that is less likely to yellow. Genetic selection to improve handle, colour and photostability can be achieved with few detrimental effects on other visual and measured wool traits, particularly if they are included in an appropriate selection index.

scholarly journals Estimates of genetic parameters and cluster analyses for carcass and meat quality traits in birds

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriane Molardi Bainy ◽  
Rodrigo Pelicioni Savegnago ◽  
Luara Afonso de Freitas ◽  
Beatriz do Nascimento Nunes ◽  
Jaqueline Oliveira Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Multiple Trait ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Cluster Analyses ◽  
Meat Quality Traits

Abstract: The objective of this work was to estimate genetic parameters for bird carcass and meat quality traits, as well as to explore the genetic patterns of the breeding values of this population using cluster analyses. Data from 1,846 birds were used to estimate the genetic parameters of production and quality traits using the multiple-trait animal model, and cluster analyses were performed. The heritability estimates ranged from 0.08± 0.03 for meat pH measured 24 hours after slaughter to 0.85± 0.09 for body weight. The genetic correlations between production traits were high and positive. The genetic correlations between meat quality traits were low and were not informative due to the high standard errors (same magnitudes as those of the genetic correlations). The genetic correlations between meat production and quality traits were negative, except between production traits and meat lightness intensity. Based on breeding values (EBVs), the evaluated population can be divided into four groups through cluster analyses, and one group is suitable for selection because the birds presented EBVs above and around the average of the population, respectively, for production and quality traits. Therefore, it is possible to obtain genetic gains for production-related traits without decreasing meat quality.

Clonal selection prospects in western hemlock combining rooting traits with juvenile height growth

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Sam Foster ◽  
Robert K. Campbell ◽  
W. Thomas Adams
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effect ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Unique Type ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Economic Weights

Variation in 1st-year height (HT) of western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) rooted cuttings was partitioned into environmental and genetic components. C effects, a unique type of environmental effect, was highly significant and made up 8% of the total variation. Much of the variation (21%) resulted from genetic control of HT, producing a broad-sense heritability of 0.81. As reported in a previous paper, initial rooting ability of the rooted cuttings affected the 1st-year height growth of the trees. Genetic correlations between HT and the five rooting traits ranged from 0.37 to 0.59. Using a selection index (assuming 33% selection intensity) containing both HT and a rooting trait (VOL) would result in gains of 8–10% for HT and 20–34% for VOL, depending on relative economic weights for the two traits.

Selection for cellulose content, specific gravity, and volume in young Populusdeltoides clones

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Olson ◽  
Charles J. Jourdain ◽  
Randall J. Rousseau
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Eastern Cottonwood ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Lower Mississippi River ◽  
Selection For

Seventy-five eastern Cottonwood (Populusdeltoides Bartr.) clones, selected from tests representing the top one-third of clones tested throughout the Lower Mississippi River Valley, were analyzed for alpha cellulose content, specific gravity, and volume after three growing seasons. All traits were found to differ significantly among clones. Mean clonal alpha cellulose content ranged from 48.2 to 55.8% of oven-dry, extractive-free wood with an average of 51.1%. Specific gravity averaged 0.33, with clones ranging from 0.27 to 0.39. Specific gravity was highly inherited, while alpha cellulose content was found to be moderately heritable. Negative genetic correlations between volume and both wood properties indicate that using a selection index to simultaneously improve all three traits is currently not possible. Two other selection methods were discussed. These selections showed substantial gain differentials in volume, but either a small loss or improvement in specific gravity and alpha cellulose content. This indicates that at age 3 years only volume should be considered in a selection program.

scholarly journals Genetic Parameters and Development of a Selection Index for Breeding Red Raspberries for Processing

2012 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Joseph Stephens ◽  
Peter A. Alspach ◽  
Ron A. Beatson ◽  
Chris Winefield ◽  
Emily J. Buck
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Multiple Trait ◽  
Breeding Values

New commercial red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) cultivars suited to machine-harvesting and processing markets need to be high-yielding and have good fruit quality attributes, including fruit firmness, sugar content, acidity, flavor, and health properties. Combining many traits in one genotype is a challenge for breeders, especially for traits negatively correlated with yield. Despite its potential, the use of multiple-trait selection through selection indices has had limited application in fruit breeding. In this study, we estimated variance components, heritabilities, phenotypic and genetic correlations and breeding values for total yield (TYLD), harvest span, mid-harvest day and fruit quality traits, firmness (FIRM), soluble solids (SS), acidity (ACID), total anthocyanins (TACY), and total ellagitannins (TELG) from 1008 seedling genotypes based on 85 families derived from 45 parents harvested over three seasons in Washington state. Narrow-sense heritability estimates ranged from moderately low (0.22 for TYLD) to moderately high (0.73 for SS). All traits measured had positive genetic correlations with TYLD except for ACID (–0.35) and TACY (–0.28). Genotype × year (G×Y) interaction was high for TYLD and low for fruit quality attributes FIRM, SS, ACID, TACY, and TELG, and interactions were higher between the first (2009) and second (2010) seasons than between the second (2010) and third (2011) seasons. Using economic weights and breeding values derived from multivariate analysis for TYLD, FIRM, SS, and TACY, we constructed a selection index designed to assist with multiple-trait selection for population improvement and the development of commercial raspberry cultivars.

Field performance of black spruce and jack pine inoculated with selected species of ectomycorrhizal fungi

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1974-1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H.R. Browning ◽  
Roy D. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Initial Size ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Foliar Concentrations

Seedlings of black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) were inoculated with fragmented hyphae of one of five species of ectomycorrhizal fungi and outplanted on reforestation sites after 14 weeks of growth in the nursery. Black spruce were planted on a peatland site and a stony loam site; jack pine were planted on the same stony loam site and on a sandy site. Inoculation of both species with Laccariaproximo (Boud.) Maire resulted in significantly better shoot growth compared with uninoculated seedlings over a 2-year period on all sites. Hebelomacylindrosporum Romagn. improved the height growth of black spruce on the peatland site and of jack pine on the stony loam site after 2 years. Laccariabicolor (Maire) Orton also improved the height growth of jack pine on the stony loam after 2 years. Black spruce inoculated with L. bicolor were significantly smaller than uninoculated seedlings. Size differences present in black spruce at outplanting persisted for two growing seasons, whereas initial size did not predict the field performance of jack pine. Inoculation of black spruce with L. proxima resulted in higher foliar concentrations of K and Zn compared with uninoculated seedlings on the peatland site. Foliar concentrations of N, P, K, and Zn in jack pine inoculated with L. proxima were significantly higher than those of uninoculated seedlings at the stony loam site. All inoculated fungi (except Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch, which did not form mycorrhizae) remained on the root systems for two growing seasons, but their presence declined sharply in the 2nd year. Laccariabicolor was the most persistent mycobiont on root systems of both tree species. Colonization of black spruce by indigenous ectomycorrhizal fungi was faster on the stony loam site than on the peatland site. The diversity of wild ectomycorrhizae on the planted seedlings was higher on both the peatland and sand sites than on the stony loam site.

Heritability of feed intake in grazing Merino ewes and the genetic relationships with production traits

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Fogarty ◽  
E. Safari ◽  
S. I. Mortimer ◽  
J. C. Greeff ◽  
S. Hatcher
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Meat Quality Traits

The feed intake of 1279 mature non-pregnant and non-lactating Merino ewes grazing pasture was estimated by faecal marker dilution methods using rumen controlled-release devices containing chromium sesquioxide capsules. The ewes were from two genetic resource flocks (QPLU$ flock at Trangie in NSW and a Western Australia flock at Katanning) that are representative of the major bloodlines and strains in the Australian Merino population. Pedigree information over several generations was used to genetically link other animals from the resource flocks that had additional production data to allow estimation of genetic correlations between feed intake and production traits with greater accuracy. Data were available for over 16 000 records for growth, wool and reproduction traits from the ewes and their relatives, together with carcass and meat quality traits from over 4000 rams that were slaughtered at ~18 months of age. Feed intake of the ewes was significantly affected by the reproductive status of the ewes at their previous lambing and feed intake, expressed as relative digestible dry matter intake (rDDMI), had an estimated heritability of 0.32 ± 0.08. The genetic correlations between rDDMI and growth traits were positive and larger than their standard error for birth (0.24 ± 0.12) and hogget (0.20 ± 0.09) weight, although inclusion of ewe liveweight as a covariate in the model reduced the correlations to close to zero. Generally, the genetic correlations between rDDMI and the wool, reproduction, carcass and meat quality traits were close to zero and smaller than their standard errors, with little effect of including ewe liveweight as a covariate. The results suggest that feed requirements of ewes could be reduced by selection, although ewe weight and growth would also decline unless accounted for in the model. Practical and cost effective methods of measurement of intake under grazing conditions need to be developed.

Genetic Variation in Acoustic Time of Flight and Drill Resistance of Juvenile Wood in a Large Loblolly Pine Breeding Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor D Walker ◽  
Fikret Isik ◽  
Steven E McKeand
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Stem Straightness

AbstractAcoustic time of flight and drill resistance (surrogates for wood stiffness and density, respectively) were measured on 11,097 standing trees from 269 pollen-mix families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in 6- to 9-year-old progeny tests at eight sites across the southeastern United States. Specific gravity was measured on two test sites. The phenotypic correlation between specific gravity and drill resistance was moderate (r = 0.68), whereas the genetic correlation was very strong (rg = 0.96). Narrow-sense heritabilities for acoustic time of flight and drill resistance were around 0.35 for individual trees and very strong (0.90) for family means. High genetic correlations (>0.80) between pairs of sites suggested a low genotype-by-environment interaction for both traits. Genetic correlations between wood quality traits and other economic traits (growth and stem straightness) were low except for a moderate correlation between acoustic time of flight and tree slenderness (rg = –0.64). The checklot ranked near the middle for both wood quality traits, implying no inadvertent selection occurred in this population that has been selected intensively for volume productivity. This study is the first to apply these tools in a large breeding program, and results suggest they are effective for selecting genotypes for wood quality.

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