Upgrading germinability and vigour of jack pine, lodgepole pine, and white spruce by the IDS technique

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1124-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Downie ◽  
Ben S.P. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Surface Fraction ◽  
Conifer Seed ◽  
Bottom Fraction ◽  
The Mean

The IDS (incubation–desiccation–separation) technique, designed to upgrade germinability and vigour of conifer seed lots, was tested on various seed lots of white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss), lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta var. latifolia Engelm.), and jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.). The effect on germinability of redrying separated seeds to storage moisture content (approx. 5% fresh weight) and of accelerated ageing was also investigated. Separation resulted in significant increases in germinability for four of five lodgepole pine, three of four jack pine, and two of five white spruce seed lots. Redrying usually had no significant effect on germinability of separated seeds, and its effect was not predictable. Accelerated ageing decreased the mean germinability of all seed lots and fractions. Although the mean index of ageing was usually not significantly different between the control and bottom fraction (live seeds) for any species, the surface fraction (dead and dying seeds) usually had a significantly higher index of ageing. The IDS technique is effective for upgrading the germinability of a portion of a seed lot of lodgepole pine and jack pine but must be modified if it is to work well with white spruce.

scholarly journals Cold hardiness of white spruce, black spruce, jack pine, and lodgepole pine needles during dehardening

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1116-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongzhou Man ◽  
Pengxin Lu ◽  
Qing-Lai Dang
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Late Winter

Conifer winter damage results primarily from loss of cold hardiness during unseasonably warm days in late winter and early spring, and such damage may increase in frequency and severity under a warming climate. In this study, the dehardening dynamics of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) were examined in relation to thermal accumulation during artificial dehardening in winter (December) and spring (March) using relative electrolyte leakage and visual assessment of pine needles and spruce shoots. Results indicated that all four species dehardened at a similar rate and to a similar extent, despite considerably different thermal accumulation requirements. Spring dehardening was comparatively faster, with black spruce slightly hardier than the other conifers at the late stage of spring dehardening. The difference, however, was relatively small and did not afford black spruce significant protection during seedling freezing tests prior to budbreak in late March and early May. The dehardening curves and models developed in this study may serve as a tool to predict cold hardiness by temperature and to understand the potential risks of conifer cold injury during warming–freezing events prior to budbreak.

Sampling Intensity for Estimating Fuel Moisture Content in Lodgepole Pine and White Spruce Trees

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Titus ◽  
PM Woodard ◽  
AF Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Fuel Moisture ◽  
Probability Level ◽  
Content Variation ◽  
Live Biomass ◽  
Fuel Moisture Content

The moisture content of live and dead foliage and roundwood on 30 lodgepole pine and 27 white spruce trees was determinedduring the summer of 1987. Sample trees were selectedrandomly throughout Alberta, Canada, without regard for weather. Five sub-samples were taken for each of the five roundwood diameter size classes (< 0.5cm,0.5 - 1 cm, 1.0- .0cm,3.0- 5.0cm, 5.0-7.0cm and 7.0-10.0 cm). Moisture content of live biomass was quite similar between species for the same fuel size class, regardless of when sampling occurred. Moisture content variation within trees was about half of the variation between trees for the same fuel size class. The coefficient of variation in moisture was much less for live material (generally < 0.3) than for dead biomass (always > 0.6). Average fuel moisture content for populations of lodgepole pine and white spruce trees may be estimated to within + 10% at the 68% probability level by sampling less than 20 trees and with only 3 fuel sub-samples per tree.

scholarly journals Effects of winter warming on cold hardiness and spring budbreak of four boreal conifers

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongzhou Man ◽  
Steve Colombo ◽  
Pengxin Lu ◽  
Qing-Lai Dang
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Experimental Warming ◽  
Freezing Damage

Compared with the effects of spring frosts on opening buds or newly flushed tissues, winter freezing damage to conifers, owing to temperature fluctuations prior to budbreak, is rare and less known. In this study, changes in cold hardiness (measured based on electrolyte leakage and needle damage) and spring budbreak were assessed to examine the responses of four boreal conifer species — black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), white spruce (Picea glauca) (Moench) Voss), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud.) — to different durations of experimental warming (16 °C day to –2 °C night with a 10 h photoperiod, except for night temperatures during November warming (+2 °C)). Seedlings showed increased responses to warming from November to March, while the capacity to regain the cold hardiness lost to warming decreased during the same period. This suggests an increasing vulnerability of conifers to temperature fluctuations and freezing damage with the progress of chilling and dormancy release from fall to spring. Both lodgepole pine and jack pine initiated spring growth earlier and had greater responses to experimental warming in bud phenology than black spruce and white spruce, suggesting a greater potential risk of frost/freezing damage to pine trees in the spring.

The association of young weevil-killed pine and spruce terminals with Phellinuspini in western Canada

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2224-2226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth I. Mallett ◽  
David W. Langor
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Decayed Wood ◽  
Agar Media

Terminals of jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.), lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud. van latifolia Engelm.), and white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss), killed by either Pissodesstrobi (Peck) or Pissodesterminalis Hopping, were sampled from 17 sites in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and the Northwest Territories. The weevil-killed terminals were examined for decay caused by Phellinuspini (Brot.:Fr.). Wood chips taken from the terminals were placed on agar media in an attempt to isolate P. pini. No decay was observed in the terminals. Of 192 isolations from freshly killed terminals, 32% were sterile. Phellinuspini was not isolated from any of the terminals. The predominant fungi found were Aureobasidiumpullulans (de Bary) Arn., Hormonemadematioides Lagerberg & Melin, and Phialemoniumdimorphosporum W. Gams & W.B. Cooke. Weevil-killed terminals from lodgepole pine and white spruce that had been dead for up to 6 years were sampled for the presence of P. pini. The fungus was not found in any of the decayed wood in the terminals, although several other unidentified Basidiomycete species were isolated.

Dissemination of the conifer seed fungus Caloscyphafulgens by small mammals

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-137
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Sullivan ◽  
Jack R. Sutherland ◽  
T. A. D. Woods ◽  
Druscilla S. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Red Squirrels ◽  
Conifer Seed

Field studies showed that the seed-pathogenic fungus Caloscyphafulgens (Pers.) Boudier was present in squirrel caches in 25% of the white spruce, Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss, stands in an area near Prince George, B.C. and in duff in 17 and 8% of the lodgepole pine, Pinuscontorta Dougl., clear-cuts there and at Williams Lake, respectively. In the laboratory, deer mice (Peromyscusmaniculatus Wagner), chipmunks (Eutamiastownsendii Bachman), and Douglas squirrels (Tamiasciurusdouglasii Bachman) consumed C. fulgens infested seeds of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco, lodgepole pine, and white spruce as readily as noninfested seeds. Squirrels also ate C. fulgens ascocarps and passed intact ascospores, but these were not observed to germinate. Red squirrels, T. hudsonicus Erxleben, moved, and ate seeds from, both infested and noninfested Douglas-fir cones in the field. It is proposed that C. fulgens is disseminated by squirrels, and perhaps other rodents, and that the fungus may preserve seeds in caches thereby ensuring squirrel food supplies between cone crops. Caloscyphafulgens may also prevent seed germination in direct seeding trials.

A Method of Constructing Site-Index Curves from Stem Analyses

1968 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Heger
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Linear Regressions

Site-index curves were constructed from stem-analyses data with the help of linear regressions derived for relationships between site index (total height at BH age of 50 years, the independent variable) and total heights attained at the end of the previous nine 5-year periods. The method was tested for white spruce, black spruce, lodgepole pine and jack pine.

Ploidy and virus reaction in Physalis floridana RYDB.

1954 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
EM Hutton
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
The Mean

Diploid Physalis floridana has 24, and the induced autotetraploid 48 somatic chromosomes. The increased ploidy resulted in the usual increases in size of stomates, pollen, and seed, but in a decreased nitrogen content of the leaves. Dry matter production of the leaves and stems was 28.3 per cent, greater in the tetraploid than in the diploid. The percentage moisture content was not increased by tetraploidy. The increased ploidy did not affect the reaction to several mesophyll viruses, but resulted in a marked increase in the sensitivity to the phloem virus, leaf roll. Inoculation with leaf roll at the third true-leaf stage reduced the mean fresh weight per plant by 26.5 per cent. in the diploid, and 57.3 per cent. in the tetraploid. The greater sensitivity of the tetraploid followed inoculations at other growth stages, but, with both diploid and tetraploid P. floridana, the closer the plants were to the flowering stage at inoculation the less obvious the reaction.

THE TEMPERATURES OF SURFACE FIRES IN JACK PINE BARREN: I. THE VARIATION IN TEMPERATURE WITH TIME

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1285-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Smith ◽  
John H. Sparling
Keyword(s):  
Jack Pine ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Surface Fires ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

The temperatures of 18 fires in an open jack pine barren near Timmins, Ontario, have been recorded. The maximum temperature recorded was 545 °C, although in other determinations fire temperatures in excess of 1000 °C were reached. The mean temperature of all fires was 340.6 ± 133.2 °C. Three fires at 230, 345, and 545 °C were considered in detail.The maximum temperature of a fire was normally recorded at heights of 5 cm or 10 cm above the surface. Maximum temperatures of hotter fires usually occurred at greater heights than cooler ones. Duration and the temperature ("intensity") of the fire are important aspects of fire studies.

scholarly journals Models to Predict the Moisture Content of Lodgepole Pine Foliage during the Red Stage of Mountain Pine Beetle Attack

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
Wesley G. Page ◽  
Michael J. Jenkins ◽  
Martin E. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle
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