Vegetation control and site preparation affect patterns of shoot elongation for 3-year-old loblolly pine

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2110-2115 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lee Allen ◽  
Thomas R. Wentworth
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Intensive Culture ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Growing Season Length

Effects of vegetation control and site preparation on the magnitude, morphology, and phenology of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) height growth were investigated duing the third growing season following planting in the Piedmont of North Carolina. Biweekly measurements were made of shoot elongation (by flush) throughout the growing season on a subsample of trees within three replicated plots receiving a factorial combination of site preparation (chop versus shear, pile, disk) and weed control (none, partial control with herbicide, and complete control by hand weeding) treatments. Cumulative height growth on the most intensively treated plots was twice that found on the chopped-only plots, with weed control having a more pronounced positive effect than intensive site preparation. Superior height growth resulted principally from greater length per flush but also from an increased number of flushes. Trees on plots where vegetation was controlled averaged between four and five flushes compared with trees on chopped-only plots, which averaged three flushes. As growth rate of one flush slowed, growth rate of the subsequent flush accelerated, resulting in a rather uniform elongation rate for the shoot apex throughout most of the growing season. Treatment effects on the seasonal distribution of growth and on growing season length were minimal. Thus, intensive culture influenced shoot growth rates and morphology, but not phenology. Apparently the effect of intensive culture was to improve the availability of limited environmental resources and, consequently, to increase growth rate throughout the growing season.

Effects of a triazole, uniconazol, on shoot elongation and root growth in loblolly pine

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Barnes ◽  
W. D. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Uniconazol, applied in an aqueous solution to 3-year-old loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) at the soil–stem interface, decreased height growth by up to 55% after one growing season without phytotoxic effects. Results suggest that uniconazol may be useful in controlling height growth of seedlings and seed-orchard trees. The triazoles uniconazol, paclobutrazol, and BAS011106W were tested for effects on loblolly pine root growth. Root-applied uniconazol consistently increased root growth of 1-year-old seedlings. At 100 mg•L−1, uniconazol increased the number of new roots and survival by 47 and 19%, respectively. The increase in survival of uniconazol-treated seedlings was not statistically significant, but the tendency is encouraging.

scholarly journals Four Site-Preparation Techniques for Regenerating Pine-Hardwood Mixtures in the Piedmont

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Waldrop
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Southern Appalachian ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Abstract Four variations of the fell-and-burn technique, a system developed to produce mixed pine-hardwood stands in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, were compared in the Piedmont region. All variations of this technique successfully improved the commercial value of low-quality hardwood stands by introducing a pine component. After six growing seasons, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) occupied the dominant crown position and oaks the codominant position in fell-and-burn treated stands on poor to medium quality sites. The precise timing of felling residual stems, as prescribed by the fell-and-burn technique, may be flexible because winter and spring felling produced similar results. Although summer site preparation burns reduced hardwood height growth by reducing the length of the first growing season, they did not improve pine survival or growth. Pines were as tall as hardwoods within four growing seasons in burned plots and within six growing seasons in unburned plots. Additional research is needed to determine the level or intensity of site preparation needed to establish pine-hardwood mixtures over a range of site conditions. South. J. Appl. For. 21(3):116-122.

The effects of summer shoot production on height growth components of seedlings of California red and white fir

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 690-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen W. Hallgren ◽  
John A. Helms
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Shoot Morphology ◽  
Apical Dome ◽  
White Fir ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Terminal Shoot ◽  
Needle Primordia

Morphogenesis of the terminal shoot was studied in 2-year-old seedlings of California red fir (Abiesmagnifica A. Murr.) and two elevational sources of white fir (Abiesconcolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl.). Seedlings were either watered or left unwatered during the growing season in order to produce different shoot morphologies and seedlings with and without a summer shoot. Under favorable soil moisture, the frequency of summer shoot production was 32, 53, and 82% for red fir and high- and low-elevation white fir, respectively. Drought from mid-May to mid-September reduced summer shoot production to less than 1% in both species. Spring shoot morphology was not an indicator of capacity to produce a summer shoot. Rate of primordium production was directly related to apical dome diameter. However, when the normal spring increase in apical dome diameter was arrested by summer shoot elongation, the rate of primordium production appeared to be unaffected. Although the apical and subapical meristems were active at the same time, they did not appear to be antagonistic. The major effects of producing a summer shoot were as follows: (i) elongation of 60–120% more intemodes in the current growing season, (ii) production of 15–40% more needle primordia in the overwintering bud, (iii) production of 30–60% more primordia annually, and (iv) increase in the percentage of total primordium production that developed into needles from 60% to 75–80%.

Growth rate rather than growing season length determines wood biomass in dry environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Ren ◽  
Emanuele Ziaco ◽  
Sergio Rossi ◽  
Franco Biondi ◽  
Peter Prislan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Wood Biomass ◽  
Season Length ◽  
Growing Season Length

scholarly journals Intensive Forest Management Affects Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) Growth and Survival on Poorly Drained Sites in Southern Arkansas

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Rahman ◽  
M.G. Messina ◽  
R.F. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Mechanical Site Preparation ◽  
Intensive Forest Management ◽  
Tree Survival ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract We investigated if intensive forest management could enhance loblolly pine seedling growth and survival on West Gulf flatwoods where winter and spring waterlogging and frequent summer drought limit loblolly pine performance. Fertilization, chemical vegetation control, and mechanical site preparation (combined bedding and ripping) were tested in different combinations on six sites established in southern Arkansas in early 1999. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedling performance was monitored in the first two growing seasons (1999 and 2000) and fifth growing season (2003) after planting. Fertilization increased growth in all years. Mechanical site preparation affected only height and only until year 2. There was no effect of chemical vegetation control in any measurement year, although chemical vegetation control resulted in greater growth in combination with fertilization than did either treatment applied separately. Tree survival averaged 92% a few months after planting and then decreased significantly at year 1 (77%), and remained comparable until year 5, the last year data were collected. Tree survival was not affected by mechanical site preparation, fertilization, or chemical vegetation control. Intensive forest management can increase loblolly pine seedling growth and survival on poorly drained sites in the West Gulf.

A 50-Year Retrospective of the Forest Productivity Cooperative in the Southeastern United States: Regionwide Trials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R Carter ◽  
H Lee Allen ◽  
Thomas R Fox ◽  
Timothy J Albaugh ◽  
Rafael A Rubilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Forest Productivity ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Intensively Managed

Abstract In 2019, the Forest Productivity Cooperative (FPC) celebrated its 50th anniversary. The mission of the FPC is and has been creating innovative solutions to enhance forest productivity and value through the sustainable management of site resources. This industry-government-university partnership has generated seminal research with sweeping implications for increasing productivity throughout the southeastern United States and Latin America. To commemorate this semicentennial, we highlighted some of the pivotal findings in the southeastern United States from the past 50 years derived from our large, regional experiments: regionwide trials. Study Implications: Fifty years of research have yielded substantial management implications for intensively managed loblolly pine in the southeastern United States. Some of our most impactful findings are the following: our generalized fertilization rate of 200 lb ac−1 elemental N and 25 lb ac−1 elemental P has been found to increase growth on most plantations in the region when applied at or before midrotation, whereas the addition of K and micronutrients was found to be important on the Pleistocene Terraces. Stands with a leaf area index (LAI) less than 3.5 will respond to fertilization, increasingly, so the lower the initial LAI. Our long-term site preparation studies demonstrated the importance of pairing optimal site preparation with fertilization and that subsoiling and tillage typically yielded lesser gains than fertilization and vegetation control at establishment. Fertilization tends to be more important to growth responses at midrotation than onetime vegetation control treatments, but an additive response when the two treatments are applied together is generally experienced. When fertilization is paired with thinning, the rate of postthinning diameter growth is accelerated.

scholarly journals THE GROWTH AND ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS BY FERTILIZED AND UNFERTILIZED WHITE SPRUCE SEEDLINGS

1966 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Armson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
Growth Development

A study was made of the effects of fertilizer additions on the growth and development of white spruce seedlings during their second growing season. In terms of dry weight increment, unfertilized trees grew for only two-thirds of the total growing season available as compared with fertilized trees. The relative growth rate curve for the fertilized trees was smooth with none of the abrupt changes which marked the curve for the unfertilized trees. The pattern of height growth was changed for seedlings which were fertilized. Nutrient uptake rates particularly for phosphorus were different under the two treatments and it is suggested that these differences were related to different patterns of height growth development and root extension.

Comparison of Site Preparation Methods for Weed Control in Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) Plantations

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas O. Lantagne ◽  
James A. Burger
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Growing Seasons

Twelve 20-ha stands of natural loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)-mixed hardwoods were harvested and site preparation treatments applied as follows: no site preparation (harvest only); glyphosate [N-(phosphomethyl)glycine] aerially applied at 0.25 kg ai/ha and the site burned 6 weeks later; roller-drum chopped, then burned; sheared and disced in one pass; sheared, then V bladed and disced; sheared, then raked; and sheared, raked, and then disced in three separate passes. Loblolly pine survival was 16% and volume 58% greater after the first two growing seasons on mechanically treated areas than on untreated stands or on areas treated with herbicide and then burned. Total vegetative cover was highest during both growing seasons on sites that had been sprayed and burned, and lowest on sites that were mechanically cleared and tilled. Grass and hardwood cover was negatively correlated with loblolly pine height and seedling volume during both growing seasons.

Establishment of white spruce and black spruce in Boreal Ontario: Effects of chemical site preparation and post-planting weed control

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 554-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E Wood ◽  
F. W. von Althen
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Chemical Release ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
The Difference

Five-year results of a field experiment to evaluate the effects of vegetation control either before or after planting on the performance of planted white spruce (Piceaglauca [Moench] Voss) and black spruce (P. mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) transplants and black spruce containerized seedlings are reported. Annual vegetation control with and without chemical site preparation significantly (P < 0.05) improved height growth, ground-level stem diameter, and health of the planted seedlings. Survival and seedling growth were significantly (P < 0.05) higher with chemical site preparation than with chemical release in August of the year after planting. From the beginning of June to the first half of August, soil temperatures were higher in the plots with no competing vegetation than in the control plots. The difference in temperature reached a maximum of 5 °C at 5 cm of depth and 4 °C at 12 cm of depth. Key words: black spruce, chemical site preparation, glyphosate, growth response, Picea glauca, Picea mariana, release, tending, vegetation management, weed control, white spruce

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