Influence of simulated acid rain on the flowering dogwood (Cornusflorida) leaf surface

Acidic rainfall has the potential to influence anthracnose incidence and severity in flowering dogwood (Cornusflorida L.) of the eastern United States. One-year-old, nursery-grown flowering dogwood seedlings were exposed to 1 cm of simulated rain 10 times over a 42-day period in 1990. Simulated rains were composed of a mixture of salts typical of ambient rainfall in the eastern United States and pH was adjusted to 5.5, 4.5, 3.5, and 2.5 with sulfuric and nitric acids. Samples were cut from the leaf tip, margin, and midvein of rain-treated trees and prepared for scanning electron microscopy. Cuticular cracking, desiccation, and erosion of trichome surfaces was observed in response to acid rain treatment. Increased degradation of dogwood trichomes was observed with decreasing pH for all samples. Cuticular erosion due to acid rain has the potential to predispose dogwoods in the eastern United States to anthracnose caused by Disculadestructiva sp.nov. (Red.) and an unnamed Discula sp.

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Acid Rain Reduced in Eastern United States

Environmental Science & Technology ◽

10.1021/es9901258 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 940-949 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

James A. Lynch ◽

Van C. Bowersox ◽

Jeffrey W. Grimm

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Acid Rain ◽

Eastern United States

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A REVISION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN OMALIINAE (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE): THE GENERA ARPEDIUM ERICHSON AND EUCNECOSUM REITTER

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent116487-4 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 116 (4) ◽

pp. 487-527 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

J. M. Campbell

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

North American ◽

Biological Data ◽

Eastern United States ◽

European Species ◽

Boreal Species ◽

Line Drawings ◽

The North ◽

New Synonymy ◽

Scanning Electron

AbstractThe North American species of the genera Arpedium Erichson, and Eucnecosum Reitter are revised. Five species are recognized, the holarctic species E. brachypterum (Gravenhorst), E. tenue (LeConte) and E. brunnescens (J. Sahlberg), the transcontinental boreal species A. cribratum Fauvel and the eastern United States species A. schwarzi Fauvel.Lectotypes are designated for E. brachypterum, A. cribratum, A. angulare Fauvel (= A. cribratum), and A. schwarzi. The following new synonymy is established, Arpedium norvegicum var. sallasi Munster and Eucnecosum meybohmi Lohse (= E. tenue) and Arpedium angulare Fauvel and A. columbiense Hatch (= A. cribratum). All genera and species are described and illustrated with scanning electron photomicrographs and line drawings, four maps showing the North American distribution of each species are provided, and keys are presented to aid in the identification of all the species as well as the European species Arpedium quadrum (Gravenhorst). All available records and biological data for the species are summarized.The use of the generic name Eucnecosum Reitter is discussed and the transfer of brachypterum, tenue, and brunnescens from Arpedium to this genus by Lohse is confirmed.

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Micromorphological alterations induced by simulated acid rain on the leaf surface of Joannesia princeps Vell. (Euphorbiaceae)

Ecological Indicators ◽

10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106526 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 116 ◽

pp. 106526 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Guilherme Carvalho Andrade ◽

Letícia Nalon Castro ◽

Luzimar Campos da Silva

Keyword(s):

Acid Rain ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Simulated Acid Rain

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Mechanical Behavior and Constitutive Model for Loess Samples under Simulated Acid Rain Conditions

10.21203/rs.3.rs-355110/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

xia ye ◽

Enlong Liu ◽

Baofeng Di ◽

yayang yu

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Acid Rain ◽

Mechanical Model ◽

Ph Value ◽

Simulated Acid Rain ◽

Test Results ◽

Hardening Model ◽

Ph Values ◽

Scanning Electron ◽

Peak Value

Abstract In this paper, the sulfuric acid solution is diluted to pH 5.0, 4.0 and 3.0 to simulate the acid rain condition, and the triaxial compressional tests and scanning electron microscope are carried out to study the mechanical properties and evolution of the microstructure of the saturated loess samples. The results demonstrate that acid rain increases the porosity of loess samples, and the pore distribution is not uniform, so that the mechanical properties of loess samples change. With the decrease of pH value, the peak value of the deviatoric stress and the volumetric contraction of loess samples decreases, which causes the strength of soil to decrease. Furthermore, the framework of the chemical-mechanical model for loess under the action of acid rain is established, in which the loess is considered as porous medium material, and the variable of acid rain at different pH values through the degree of chemical reaction is taken into account in the double-hardening model, and the model is also verified by the triaxial test results finally.

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Chemical alteration of limestone and marble samples exposed to acid rain and weathering in the eastern United States, 1984--1988

10.2172/6107458 ◽

1991 ◽

Author(s):

K Reimann

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Acid Rain ◽

Eastern United States ◽

Chemical Alteration

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Revision of the American Pill Millipedes I: Onomeris and Trichomeris (Diplopoda, Glomerida, Glomeridae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2725.1.2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2725 (1) ◽

pp. 28 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

THOMAS WESENER

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

North Carolina ◽

Electron Micrographs ◽

Distribution Data ◽

Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽

Eastern United States ◽

Mountainous Areas ◽

Cumberland Plateau ◽

First Time ◽

Scanning Electron

The unique characters which distinguish Trichomeris Loomis, 1943 from Onomeris Cook, 1896 are based on erroneous drawings and not actual differences. Trichomeris is a junior synonym of Onomeris. All three species of Onomeris, O. sinuata (Loomis), 1943, O. underwoodi Cook, 1896 and O. australora Hoffman, 1950 are redescribed, based on their holotypes, as well as additional specimens. Scanning electron micrographs are presented for the first time for an American member of the order Glomerida. A key to the three species of Onomeris is provided. The available distribution data for Onomeris is still rudimentary, but the distribution areas of the three species are Cumberland Plateau from NW Alabama to Virginia for O. sinuata n. comb., lowland areas from Mississippi to Georgia for O. underwoodi, mountainous areas of Tennessee, Georgia and North Carolina for O. australora. Additional Onomeris species can potentially be discovered in the eastern United States.

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Impact of Simulated Acid Rains on Nitrogenase Activity in Peltigera Aphthosa and P. Polydactyla

The Lichenologist ◽

10.1017/s0024282985000044 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 27-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

R. P. Fritz-Sheridan

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Acid Rain ◽

North American ◽

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Simulated Acid Rain ◽

Complete Inhibition ◽

Simulated Rain

AbstractTwo ubiquitous diazotrophic North American lichens, Peltigera aphthosa and P. polydaclyla, were subjected to simulated acid rain. Both lichens exhibited a 50% reduction in nitrogen fixation at pH 5, 80% reduction at pH 4 and complete inhibition at pH 2. Nitrogen fixation was zero after 20 days exposure to simulated rain at pH 3 and zero after fourdays at pH 2.

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