Effect of N supply upon the seasonal partitioning of N and P uptake in young Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis)

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1704-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F. Proe ◽  
P. Millard
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
High Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
N Supply ◽  
N Treatment ◽  
Second Year

Seasonal relationships between N supply, tree growth, and partitioning of both N and P have been studied in young trees using 15N and 32P isotopes. Three-year-old clonal cuttings of Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) were grown for 2 years in sand irrigated with a nutrient solution containing either 1.0 mol N•m−3 (low N) or 6.0 mol N•m−3 (high N). In the first year, trees received 2-week pulses of 15N and 32P to label current nutrient uptake during either a period of rapid spring growth or shortly after bud set in summer. In the second year, trees that had been preconditioned to a low-N supply received 3-week pulses of 15N at either the low rate of application or at the high rate to simulate a single application of N fertilizer. In spring of the first year, N treatment had no effect upon tree growth. Low-N trees increased the partition of 15N uptake to roots, but the partition of 32P was not affected by N supply and was similar to the partition of 15N in the high-N treatment. At the time of the later pulse, however, growth was affected by N supply and 32P partitioning to roots increased to match the partition of 15N in the low-N treatment. During the second year, the additional 15N given to Low-N trees to simulate fertilizer application was partitioned predominantly to current shoots and roots. Results are discussed in relation to the processes of internal cycling and the partition of nutrients taken up by larger trees.

The phosphorus nutrition of the apple tree. III. Influence of phosphate timing treatments on the performance of Jonathan/MM.104 apple trees in two years

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1115
Author(s):  
BK Taylor ◽  
DG Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
First Year ◽  
P Nutrition ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
P Content ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Bench grafted JonathanlMM104 apple trees were grown in perlite culture in a glasshouse for up to 2 years and the effects of adding � phosphate (PO or P50 ppm nutrient solutions) in spring, summer, autumn, or during the second growing season were determined. Phosphate timing treatments produced marked differences in tree performance and P uptake. Thus, spring P significantly increased the growth of tree tops, the top/root ratio, P uptake and flowering in the second year. Summer P increased the growth of tree tops, the top/root ratio and P uptake, while autumn P increased P uptake but not tree growth in the first year. Strong carryover effects were note for all first year P treatments on the growth and P content of the trees in the second year consistent with the mobilization of P reserves. Significant interaction effects between treatments were found and P uptake in a given period was influenced by the P treatment given in the previous period. Thus, P uptake and the tree growth response were greater in P stressed trees than in high P trees. All times of application of P were effective in increasing the P status of tree parts including leaves and fruit. Tree P content at the end of the second year was dependent upon both residual and current year P treatments. These findings are briefly discussed in relation to earlier published work on the P nutrition of apple trees and also in relation to their significance to apple growers.

scholarly journals Phosphorus effects of recycled products from municipal wastewater on crops in a field experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 475-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vogel Telse ◽  
Nelles Michael ◽  
Eichler-Löbermann Bettina
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Fertilizing Effect ◽  
Sludge Ash

In this study, the phosphorus (P) fertilizing effects of struvite, one thermochemical-treated sewage sludge ash (SSA) based on Ca-P (Ca-SSA) and one full sulfuric acid-digested SSA based on Al-P (Al-SSA) were analysed in comparison to triple superphosphate (TSP) and a control treatment (CON) without P application in a two-year field experiment. In the field experiment, the effects of the recycling products on crop yield, P uptake and labile soil P fractions were analysed. In addition, the effect of nitrogen and magnesium contained in struvite was investigated in the second year of the experiment compared to TSP and CON. In the first year, spring barley was cultivated in the field experiment; and in the second year, it was forage rye followed by sorghum. In the second year, the relative P effectiveness (forage rye, sorghum) of the recycling products compared to TSP increased in the order: Ca-SSA (81%, 91%) ≤ Al-SSA (91%, 96%) = struvite (102%, 110%). In addition, an magnesium fertilizing effect of struvite could be demonstrated. The results show that the recycling products from wastewater treatment are appropriate to substitute rock phosphate-based fertilizers.

Effects of the timing of ploughing-in temporary leguminous pastures and two winter cover crops on nitrogen mineralization, nitrate leaching and spring wheat growth

1995 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Francis ◽  
R. J. Haynes ◽  
P. H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops ◽  
Second Year

SUMMARYTwo field experiments at Canterbury, New Zealand during 1991–93 investigated the effect of the timing of ploughing a 4-year-old ryegrass/white clover pasture and the effect of two winter cover crops on subsequent N mineralization, nitrate leaching and growth and N uptake of the following wheat crops.Net N mineralization of organic N (of plant and soil origin) increased with increased fallow period between ploughing and leaching. The total amount of N accumulated in the profile by the start of winter ranged from 107 to 131 and from 42 to 45 kg N/ha for fallow treatments started in March and May respectively. Winter wheat (planted in May) had no effect on mineral N contents by the start of winter, whereas greenfeed (GF) oats (planted in March) significantly reduced the mineral N content in one year.Cumulative leaching losses over the first winter after ploughing-in pasture varied markedly between years in relation to rainfall amount and distribution. Leaching losses were greater from the March fallow (72–106 kg N/ha) than the May fallow treatments (8–52 kg N/ha). Winter wheat did not reduce leaching losses in either year. GF oats did not reduce losses in 1991/92, but losses in 1992/93, when major drainage events occurred late in the winter, were only c. 40% of those under fallow.Incorporation of a large amount (> 7 t/ha dry matter) of pasture or GF oat residue in spring depressed yield and total N uptake of the following spring wheat, largely due to net N immobilization which could be overcome by the application of fertilizer N.First-year treatments had very little residual effect in the second year. Leaching losses over the second winter (mean 142 kg N/ha) were largely unaffected by the extent of first year leaching losses. Second year leaching losses were greater than first year losses, probably due to the greater amount of mineral N at depth in the soil before the start of the second winter.

scholarly journals Comparison of Grain Yield and Some Characteristics of Hulled, Durum and Bread Wheat Genotypes Varieties

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekir Atar ◽  
Burhan Kara
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
First Year ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Hulled Wheat ◽  
Hulled Wheats ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Second Year

In spite of the low grain yield they produce, the hulled wheat have become even more important in recent years because of their resistance to negative environmental conditions and healthy nutritional content. The research was carry out in order to comparison the yield and yield characteristics of durum (Kiziltan-91 and C-1252), hulled (Einkorn and Emmer) and bread wheat (Tir) varieties in Isparta ecological conditions in 2013-14 and 2014-15 vegetation periods. In both years, the highest grain yield was obtained in Kiziltan-91 variety (3992 and 3758 kg ha-1 respectively). The grain yield of hulled wheats in the first year (Einkorn 1269 kg ha-1, Emmer 2125 kg ha-1) was around Turkey averages. However, grain yield decreased of commercial wheat varieties due to the negative effect of high amount of rainfall in June in the second year, but considerably increased in (Einkorn 2150 kg ha-1, Emmer 2533 kg ha-1). N uptake was found to be lower in the than durum wheats. In terms of grain protein content, the highest values were obtained in Emmer variety (16.4%-15.3%).

scholarly journals GROWTH AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF MAGNOLIA GRANDFLORA HORT. `ST, MARY' IN RESPONSE TO CONTAINER VOLUME AND SHIFTING TREATMENTS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1083g-1083
Author(s):  
Chris A. Martin ◽  
Dewayne L Ingram ◽  
Terril A. Nell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
First Year ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Large Container

Trees were grown for 2 years as a function of three container volumes (10, 27, and 57 liter) the first year and six shifting treatments (10 liter both years, 10 to 27 liter, 10 to 57 liter, 27 liter both years, 27 to 57 liter, or 57 liter both years) the second year when containers were spaced 120 cm on center, Height and caliper were greatest for magnolias grown in 27- or 57-liter containers both years. Caliper was greater for trees shifted from 10-liter containers to the larger container volumes compared to trees grown in 10-liter containers both years, Trees grown in 10-liter containers both years tended to have few roots growing in the outer 4 cm at the eastern, southern, and western exposures in the grow medium, During the second year, high air and growth medium temperatures may have been primary limiting factors to carbon assimilation during June and August. Using large container volumes to increase carbon assimilation and tree growth may be even more important when daily maximum air temperatures are lower during late spring or early fall compared to midsummer.

scholarly journals Efficiency of fertilizer application on seed stands of birdsfoot trefoil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zolotarev
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Low Potassium ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Seed Crops

On sod-podzolic medium-loamy soils of the Central Non-Chernozem region of Russia with an average availability of mobile forms of phosphorus and an average close to low potassium content, high efficiency of using potash fertilizer together with phosphorus on birdsfoot trefoil seed crops was established. Effective doses of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, providing an increase in seed yield in the first year by 42–47% and, according to the aftereffect, in the second year by 17–33%, are the application of P30–60K90–120. Keywords: Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), seed herbage, phosphoric and potash mineral fertilizers, yield, seeds, sowing qualities.

EVALUATION OF BROMEGRASS WHEN GROWN IN PURE STAND AND IN MIXTURE WITH ALFALFA

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-468
Author(s):  
A. T. H. GROSS
Keyword(s):  
Strain Differences ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Root Production ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Grass Stand ◽  
Second Year

The two best and two lowest yielding of nine bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) strains were as readily identified from two-year as from three-year hay yield data. Root production was not satisfactorily evaluated from four soil cores per plot. Grass stand was very variable, for both strains and management systems. Spring vigor in the first year of production tended to be associated with plant number established in the seedling year. Strains were satisfactorily characterized for spring vigor in the second year of production and third-year data were not necessary. Strain differences in fall growth and rhizome extension were more pronounced, and coefficients of variation were reduced, as the stands aged.Alfalfa seeded with bromegrass masked the grass and made it difficult to evaluate most grass characters. Bromegrass strains evaluated in pure grass swards either with or without fertilizer gave comparable results. An advantage from fertilizer application was that the coefficient of variation for hay yield was reduced.

scholarly journals UNDERPLANTING OF YOUNG COCONUTS UNDER ADULT STANDS OF COCONUT PALMS FOR PRODUCTION OF EDIBLE VEGETATIVE PITH OR 'UBOD'

CORD ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Gerardo D. Padrones ◽  
Millicent I. Secretaria ◽  
Severino S. Magat
Keyword(s):  
Return On Investment ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Common Salt ◽  
First Year ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Farm Productivity ◽  
Production Scheme ◽  
Second Year

The feasibility and viability of producing edible vegetative coconut pith  or 'ubod' from young coconuts planted with double plants  per hill under adult coconut bearing palms was studied at the Philippine Coconut Authority - Davao Research Center, Bago Oshiro Davao City.    The average weight of 'ubod' from double planting scheme was 5.9 kg/palm (range 2.8 -9.4 kg) on the first year of 'ubod' harvest. There was a very slight increase (average of 0.2 kg/palm) in 'ubod' weight on the second year of harvest.  The total ubod yield for two years harvesting schedule was 8.9 t/ha.   Under the Davao growing condition, cost and return analysis of 'ubod' production in double  plants per hill scheme  indicated a total net income of  P129,030  per ha in 4 years with a return on investment (ROI)  of 180%. While copra production from adult bearing palms realized a total of P 114,675 for 4 years with an average ROI of 242%.   Considering copra plus 'ubod' yield from this production scheme, the cumulative net income and ROI obtained were: P 242,389.6 and 203% respectively.   Based on the results of this study with modest fertilizer application of ammonium sulfate plus common salt (NaCl), underplanting of two young coconuts per hill (spaced at two feet away from each other) at 3 x 3 m distance between spaces of bearing coconut palms harvested at three years from field-planting is a profitable and viable production scheme to increase farm productivity. The farm income with this coconut-based production is increased by 200% compared to coconut monocropping.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF MAGNOLIA GRANDFLORA HORT. `ST, MARY' IN RESPONSE TO CONTAINER VOLUME AND SHIFTING TREATMENTS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1083G-1083
Author(s):  
Chris A. Martin ◽  
Dewayne L Ingram ◽  
Terril A. Nell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
First Year ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Large Container

Trees were grown for 2 years as a function of three container volumes (10, 27, and 57 liter) the first year and six shifting treatments (10 liter both years, 10 to 27 liter, 10 to 57 liter, 27 liter both years, 27 to 57 liter, or 57 liter both years) the second year when containers were spaced 120 cm on center, Height and caliper were greatest for magnolias grown in 27- or 57-liter containers both years. Caliper was greater for trees shifted from 10-liter containers to the larger container volumes compared to trees grown in 10-liter containers both years, Trees grown in 10-liter containers both years tended to have few roots growing in the outer 4 cm at the eastern, southern, and western exposures in the grow medium, During the second year, high air and growth medium temperatures may have been primary limiting factors to carbon assimilation during June and August. Using large container volumes to increase carbon assimilation and tree growth may be even more important when daily maximum air temperatures are lower during late spring or early fall compared to midsummer.

Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Flowering and Yield of Soybeans in Nigeria

1965 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-188
Author(s):  
G. P. Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
First Year ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Cropping Seasons

SummaryA NPK factorial experiment was conducted during two successive cropping seasons to study direct and residual effects of various treatments on the flower initiation and yield of soybeans. Plants were slower to reach the maximum flowering stage in the year of fertilizer application than in the following year. During the first year potassium in association with phosphorus delayed the flower forming process, whereas potassium alone hastened flowering in the second year unless associated with a high dosage of nitrogen. All the treatments gave far greater yields in the first season, suggesting that fertilizers should be applied during every cropping season. Nitrogen and phosphorus at 20 pounds of N2 and P2O5, per acre gave the biggest yields, but potassium failed to show any response. The residual responses to potassium and phosphorus during the second year were significant but not to nitrogen.

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