Effects of adventitious roots on age determination in Balsam fir (Abies balsamea) regeneration

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Parent ◽  
Hubert Morin ◽  
Christian Messier
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Annual Growth Rings ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Closed Forest ◽  
Reverse Taper

The age structure of balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) regeneration is frequently used to investigate boreal forest dynamics of North America. Tree ages are usually estimated by counting annual growth rings at the shoot-root interface located above or close to the root system. Inaccurately locating the shoot-root interface could lead to imprecise age determination. In this study, balsam fir seedlings (<2 m height) were harvested in whole from closed forest stands located in the province of Quebec, Canada. Seedling age was determined by (i) counting the number of annual growth rings at the presumed shoot-root interface, and (ii) counting all terminal bud scars from the apex to the base of the hypocotyl (true collar). For all seedlings with adventitious roots, the number of terminal bud scars on the entire trunk was higher than the number of growth rings at the shoot-root interface. The formation of adventitious roots on the belowground trunk was accompanied by a reverse taper phenomenon, i.e., the number of annual growth rings decreased from the presumed shoot-root interface to the true collar. Counting annual growth rings at any level on the trunk of balsam fir seedlings that form adventitious root systems would not be reliable, underestimation's exceeding 20 years are possible and the resulting age structures could lead to erroneous interpretations of regeneration dynamics.

Reply - Effects of adventitious roots on age determination in balsam fir regeneration

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1296-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Parent ◽  
Hubert Morin
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Reverse Taper ◽  
Closed Canopy

In many Canadian boreal forests, balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) seedlings established under closed canopy generally develop adventitious roots. Adventitious roots induce the formation of a reverse taper, i.e., a reduction of the diameter and of the number of growth rings towards the true collar (hypocotyl region). Consequently, ring count at any level of the trunk underestimates the true age of firs, and we recommend a reassessment of balsam fir dynamics inferred from studies based on ages estimated by ring count. Recently, Kneeshaw and Claveau (D.D. Kneeshaw and Y. Claveau. 2001. Can. J. For. Res. 31: 1292-1295) presented data from a subsample of fir seedlings to demonstrate that ring count is an accurate aging technique for most fir regeneration. A careful examination of the methodology, data, and samples presented suggests that true collars were not precisely located. We also present data collected on seedlings sampled in the same study area as Kneeshaw and Claveau. Most of the seedlings (57 of 60 seedlings, <50 cm in height) had adventitious roots, and ring count was not an appropriate aging method. According to our study, Kneeshaw and Claveau either did not locate the true collar or presented atypical balsam fir seedlings.

Missing growth rings at the trunk base in suppressed balsam fir saplings

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1776-1783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Parent ◽  
Hubert Morin ◽  
Christian Messier
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Age Estimates

Numerous researchers have suggested a causal relationship between low leaf biomass in suppressed trees and the lack of radial growth at the base of the trunk. The objective of this study was to verify this relationship with suppressed balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) saplings found growing in an old-growth fir stand. A total of 29 saplings varying in height from 67 to 183 cm were uprooted. All saplings had adventitious roots. All terminal bud scars (TBS) found between the apex of the terminal leader and the trunk base (first adventitious root) as well as those found below ground were localized, and rings were counted between TBS along the aboveground trunk. Various morphological traits and the ratio of photosynthetic tissue dry mass (P, needles) to non-photosynthetic tissue dry mass (nP, aboveground stem) were used as an indicator of tree vigour. Between 3 and 33 rings counted along the aboveground trunk were missing at the trunk base. The number of missing rings at the base of the trunk was correlated with total height (r = 0.41), height growth (r = –0.51), radial growth (r = –0.44), the P/nP ratio (r = –0.73), and the proportion of live crown (r = –0.62). Moreover, from 2 to 35 additional rings, missing at the trunk base, were found in the belowground section of trunk and these missing rings were associated with the adventitious roots phenomenon. In conclusion, suppressed firs had missing rings at the base of the trunk. When all of the missing rings were added to the number of rings counted at the base of the trunk, age estimates provided a different temporal pattern of recruitment compared with that obtained by solely counting rings at the base of the trunk. Stem analysis on the entire trunk is the best aging method for suppressed balsam fir saplings.

Effects of adventitious roots on age determination in Balsam fir (Abies balsamea) regeneration

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Parent ◽  
Hubert Morin ◽  
Christian Messier
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir

PERTUMBUHAN LINGKARAN POHON JATI PADA DUA SISTEM KULTUR BERBEDA DI JAWA TIMUR

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iriwi Louisa S. Sinon
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Natural Growth ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Climate Effect ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Annual Growth Rings ◽  
Chronological Sequence ◽  
Plantation Teak

<p><em>Study dendrochronology or tree-ring dating is defined as the study of chronological sequence of annual growth rings in trees. Teak (Tectona grandis) is one of various tree species that has been identified for the use of tree-ring studies in tropical regions. Teak is found to be suitable for dendrochronology as it is long-lived and develops defined annual growth rings. In Java, teak cans growth naturally or intensively in plantation. The two silviculture conditions will give different sensitivity on climate effect. Therefore, the effect of silviculturer will on natural teak and plantation teak in Saradan, Madiun, and East Java. As a part of the study, ten core samples from natural- growth teak were measured. The samples of growth rings is spanned from 1832 – 2004. Using the COFECHA program, the correlation of the samples (r) was found to be 0.44 point, which is satisfactory to the standard used in dendrochronology. Thus, from this study it can be concluded that natural teak could still be used in dendrochronology, although the sensitivity are not as high as plantation teak. </em></p>

Evaluation of the historical records of lead pollution in the annual growth rings and bark pockets of a 250-year-old Quercus crispula in Nikko, Japan

2002 ◽  
Vol 295 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Bellis ◽  
Kenichi Satake ◽  
Masato Noda ◽  
Naoki Nishimura ◽  
Cameron W McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Annual Growth ◽  
Lead Pollution ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Quercus Crispula ◽  
Annual Growth Rings

Annual Growth Rings in Two Mangrove Species from the Sundarbans, Bangladesh Demonstrate Linkages to Sea-Level Rise and Broad-Scale Ocean-Atmosphere Variability

Wetlands ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1159-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin T. Maxwell ◽  
Grant L. Harley ◽  
Abdullah F. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Annual Growth Rings ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere ◽  
The Sundarbans ◽  
Broad Scale

Magnetic resonance imaging of wood

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurance D. Hall ◽  
Vasanthan Rajanayagam ◽  
Wendy A. Stewart ◽  
Paul R. Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Scanner ◽  
Annual Growth Rings ◽  
Do So

A magnetic resonance scanner has been used to obtain images at 0.14 T, based on the water in aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.). In addition to visualization of the expected structural features such as annual growth-rings and knots, several additional features appear that require further study. Kiln-dried wood does not contain sufficient water to give an image, but can do so after impregnation with water.

Annual growth rings in the mangrove Laguncularia racemosa (Combretaceae)

Trees ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Calderucio Duque Estrada ◽  
Cátia Henriques Callado ◽  
Mário Luiz Gomes Soares ◽  
Cláudio Sérgio Lisi
Keyword(s):  
Annual Growth ◽  
Laguncularia Racemosa ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Annual Growth Rings
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