Calcium signaling in the nucleusThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled The Nucleus: A Cell Within A Cell.

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawidson A. Gomes ◽  
M. Fatima Leite ◽  
Anton M. Bennett ◽  
Michael H. Nathanson
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Pores ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Secondary Messenger ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inositol 1,4,5 Trisphosphate ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Trisphosphate Receptor ◽  
Selection Of

Cytosolic Ca2+ is a versatile secondary messenger that regulates a wide range of cellular activities. In the past decade, evidence has accumulated that free Ca2+ within the nucleus also plays an important messenger function. Here we review the mechanisms and effects of Ca2+ signals within the nucleus. In particular, evidence is reviewed that the nucleus contains the machinery necessary for production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-mediated Ca2+ release. The role of Ca2+ signals within the nucleus is discussed including regulation of such critical cell functions as gene expression, activation of kinases, and permeability of nuclear pores.

History and Morality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Bloxham
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Country ◽  
Moral Thought ◽  
Majority Opinion ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Moral Judgements ◽  
Value Judgements ◽  
The Impact

Against majority opinion within his profession, Donald Bloxham argues that it is legitimate, often unavoidable, and frequently important for historians to make value judgements about the past. History and Morality draws on a wide range of historical examples, and its author’s insights as a practising historian. Examining concepts like impartiality, neutrality, contextualization, and the use and abuse of the idea of the past as a foreign country, Bloxham’s book investigates how the discipline has got to the point where what is preached can be so inconsistent with what is practised. It illuminates how far tacit moral judgements infuse works of history, and how strange those histories would look if the judgements were removed. Bloxham argues that rather than trying to eradicate all judgemental elements from their work historians need to think more consistently about how, and with what justification, they make the judgements that they do. The importance of all this lies not just in the responsibilities that historians bear towards the past—responsibilities to take historical actors on those actors’ own terms and to portray the impact of those actors’ deeds—but also in the role of history as a source of identity, pride, and shame in the present. The account of moral thought in History and Morality has ramifications far beyond the activities of vocational historians.

scholarly journals Unraveling the role of polycystin-2/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor interaction in Ca2+signaling

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 530-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Sammels ◽  
Benoit Devogelaere ◽  
Djalila Mekahli ◽  
Geert Bultyncki ◽  
Ludwig Missiaen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Inositol 1,4,5 Trisphosphate ◽  
Trisphosphate Receptor

scholarly journals Indestructible Pasts and Paranoid Presents: John Franzen against Active Forgetting in Purity

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Cristina Garrigós
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Event ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personal Archives ◽  
Conscious Process ◽  
Unconscious Desire ◽  
Selection Of

Forgetting and remembering are as inevitably linked as lifeand death. Sometimes, forgetting is motivated by a biological disorder, brain damage, or it is the product of an unconscious desire derived from a traumatic event (psychological repression). But in some cases, we can motivate forgetting consciously (thought suppression). It is through the conscious repression of memories that we can find self-preservation and move forward, although this means that we create a fable of our lives, as Nietzsche says in his essay “On the Uses and Disadvantages of History for Life” (1997). In Jonathan Franzen’s novel, Purity (2015), forgetting is an active and conscious process by which the characters choose to forget certain episodes of their lives to be able to construct new identities. The erased memories include murder, economical privileges derived from illegal or unethical commercial processes, or dark sexual episodes. The obsession with forgetting the past links the lives of the main characters, and structures the narrative of the novel. The motivated erasure of memories becomes, thus, a way that the characters have to survive and face the present according to a (fake) narrative that they have constructed. But is motivated forgetting possible? Can one completely suppress facts in an active way? This paper analyses the role of forgetting in Franzen’s novel in relation to the need in our contemporary society to deny, hide, or erase uncomfortable data from our historical or personal archives; the need to make disappear stories which we do not want to accept, recognize, and much less make known to the public. This is related to how we manage information in the age of technology, the “selection” of what is to be the official story, and how we rewrite our own history

scholarly journals Fine-tuning Mast Cells is Essential for the Maintenance and Regulation of the Systemic and Immune Homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Sylvia Frisancho-Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Viral Reservoir ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Allergies And Asthma

During the past decades, populous expansion in mast cell scientific literature came forth with more, than forty-four thousand PubMed publications available to date. Such surge is due to the appreciation of the momentous role of mast cells in the evolution of species, in the development and maintenance of vital physiological functions, such as reproduction, homeostasis, and fluids, diverse immunological roles, and the potential of far-reaching effects despite minute numbers. While the emerging knowledge of the importance of mast cells in equilibrium comes of age when looking at the matter from an evolutionary perspective, the recognition of mast cells beyond detrimental performance in allergies and asthma, during protection against parasites, falters. Beyond well known classical functions, mast cells can process and present antigens,can serve as a viral reservoir, can respond to hormones and xenobiotics,initiate antiviral and antibacterial responses, phagocytosis, apoptosis, and participate in important developmental cornerstones. During evolution,upon the development of a sophisticated niche of innate and adaptive cell populations, certain mast cell functions became partially transmutable,yet the potency of mast cells remained considerable. Reviewing mast cells enables us to reflect on the certitude, that our sophisticated, complex physiology is rooted deeply in evolution, which we carry ancient remnants of, ones that may have decisive roles in our functioning. This communication sets out the goal of characterizing mast cells, particularly the aspects less in limelight yet of immense significance, without the aspiration exhaust it all.

Purification and properties of glutamate-phenylpyruvate aminotransferase from the ruminal protozoan Entodinium caudatum

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 991
Author(s):  
Md. Ruhul Amin ◽  
Ryoji Onodera ◽  
R. Islam Khan ◽  
R. John Wallace ◽  
C. Jamie Newbold
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Purification And Properties ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
S 100 ◽  
A Cell

Entodinium species are important in catabolic protein metabolism by the mixed ruminal microbial population. This study was conducted to purify, and investigate properties of one of the enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism by Entodinium caudatum, glutamate-phenylpyruvate aminotransferase (GPA; EC 2.6.1.64). GPA was purified 74-fold from a cell-free extract by ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography with phenyl-superose, DEAE-Toyopearl 650M, Sephacryl S-100 HR, and Sephadex G-100. The molecular mass of GPA was estimated by SDS–PAGE to be 65.0 kDa. The optimum pH was 6.0 and it was found to be reactive over a wide range of pH from 5.0 to 10.5. Maximum activity of GPA occurred at 45°C and the activity declined at temperatures over 55°C. GPA was stable below 60°C. Aminooxyacetate and phenylhydrazine were highly inhibitory, and SDS, EDTA, and some heavy metal ions also inhibited activity. The purification and characterisation of the enzyme will help to isolate the gene and ultimately to understand the role of GPA in both anabolic and catabolic amino acid metabolism by Entodinium caudatum.

Fifty years ago: ‘The scope of occupational medicine in a university health service’

2020 ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
Anthony Ryle
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Occupational Medicine ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Academic Achievements ◽  
The Past ◽  
Selection Of

This series provides a selection of articles from the past. In Fifty years ago: The scope of occupational medicine in a university health service Anthony Ryle briefly explores the potential role of a University Health Service in relation to students’ academic achievements and failures, rather than their physical health and safety.

scholarly journals Bi-allelic variants in RNF170 are associated with hereditary spastic paraplegia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matias Wagner ◽  
Daniel P. S. Osborn ◽  
Ina Gehweiler ◽  
Maike Nagel ◽  
Ulrike Ulmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Spastic Paraplegia ◽  
Ubiquitin E3 Ligase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inositol 1,4,5 Trisphosphate ◽  
Cerebellar Ataxias ◽  
Trisphosphate Receptor

Abstract Alterations of Ca2+ homeostasis have been implicated in a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases. Ca2+ efflux from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm is controlled by binding of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate to its receptor. Activated inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors are then rapidly degraded by the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway. Mutations in genes encoding the neuronal isoform of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (ITPR1) and genes involved in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor degradation (ERLIN1, ERLIN2) are known to cause hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and cerebellar ataxia. We provide evidence that mutations in the ubiquitin E3 ligase gene RNF170, which targets inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors for degradation, are the likely cause of autosomal recessive HSP in four unrelated families and functionally evaluate the consequences of mutations in patient fibroblasts, mutant SH-SY5Y cells and by gene knockdown in zebrafish. Our findings highlight inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate signaling as a candidate key pathway for hereditary spastic paraplegias and cerebellar ataxias and thus prioritize this pathway for therapeutic interventions.

Waste management schemes of potash mines in Saskatchewan

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Tallin ◽  
D. E. Pufahl ◽  
S. L. Barbour
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Seepage Barriers ◽  
Selection Of

Saskatchewan's potash industry, when operating at capacity, produces 28 × 106 t of salt tailings and 11 × 106 m3 of concentrated brine per year. As a result, in excess of 250 × 106 t of tailings and lesser amounts of brine are stored on the ground surface in waste disposal basins consisting of a system of ponds and dykes. While the substantial quantities of solid waste represent an enormous task for eventual decommissioning, it is the seepage of brine into the surrounding soil and groundwater that is presently of most concern. Four general models are proposed to illustrate the role of hydrogeology in the selection of techniques for containment of potash wastes. This paper reviews waste management schemes in the Saskatchewan potash industry over the past 27 years and presents observations and qualitative evaluations of waste disposal practice of four mines that are representative of the proposed hydrological models. The four case histories identify problems that are common to all mines. The importance of design, operation, and proper monitoring programs is emphasized. The study found that a combination of different seepage barriers have been reasonably successful in preventing serious brine contamination. Shortcomings, where they exist, have been caused largely by unsatisfactory design and construction practices. These inadequacies are of concern to the industry and government regulatory agencies, but they have not yet seriously impeded orderly potash waste disposal. Key words: waste management, potash tailings, brine disposal, brine containment, seepage barriers, seepage control, refining practices, brine ponds.

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