Dietary sodium induced cardiac hypertrophy

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eef Harmsen ◽  
Frans H. H. Leenen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Intake ◽  
Stimulation Of

In humans, high sodium intake not only increases the blood pressure, and thus can cause left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), but also appears to increase LVH independent of this increase in blood pressure. In both normo- and hyper-tensive rats the hypertrophic effect of increased dietary sodium intake on the heart has been clearly established. In normotensive rats, this effect is strain and age dependent, and seems independent of hemodynamic effects of high sodium intake. In both rats and humans, dietary sodium appears to increase wall thickness, resembling pressure overload rather than an increased left ventricular diameter as expected of volume overload. The mechanisms through which high dietary sodium induces hypertrophy are still unknown. It is possible that dietary sodium increases either adrenergic stimulation and (or) enhances sensitivity for adrenergic stimulation and that this hypertrophic response mainly acts via stimulation of α1-adrenergic receptors. Stimulation of the α1-adrenergic receptors will increase the inositol phosphate – diacyl glycerol pathway and enhance the Na+/H+ exchange. The activity of this exchanger might play an important role in the development of dietary sodium induced cardiac hypertrophy.Key words: heart, dietary sodium, left ventricular hypertrophy, hemodynamics, sympathetic activity.

Dietary sodium and central vs. peripheral ouabain-like activity in Dahl salt-sensitive vs. salt-resistant rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (5) ◽  
pp. H1916-H1920 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Leenen ◽  
E. Harmsen ◽  
H. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Intake ◽  
Pressor Responses ◽  
Excess Sodium

To assess the possible contribution of brain ouabain-like activity (OLA) to the pressor effects of high-sodium intake in Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl S) rats, we assessed the effects of high (8%) on blood pressure (BP) and peripheral and brain OLA in Dahl on blood pressure (BP) and peripheral and brain OLA in Dahl S and Dahl salt-resistant (Dahl R) rats. On regular sodium intake, Dahl S and R had similar BP; however, by 7 wk of age adrenal and plasma OLA were 15–30% higher in Dahl S vs. R, whereas central OLA remained similar. On high-sodium intake, in Dahl S both peripheral and central OLA increased within 1 wk with additional increases after 3 wk. These increases preceded the rise in BP. In Dahl R rats, high sodium did not increase BP. However, 3 wk of high sodium did increase peripheral as well as central OLA, the latter to a lesser extent compared with Dahl S and not in the hypothalamus. These results are consistent with the concept that central OLA may be involved in the pressor responses to high sodium in Dahl S. Circulating OLA may play a role in the regulation of renal function to excrete excess sodium in both strains.

Dietary sodium intake and left ventricular hypertrophy in normotensive rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (5) ◽  
pp. H1397-H1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. X. Yuan ◽  
F. H. Leenen
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Central Hemodynamics ◽  
Cardiac Volume ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Intake ◽  
Wky Rats ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

In three different normotensive rat strains, we evaluated the effects of a large range of dietary sodium (101, 342, and 1,370 mumol Na+/g) on cardiac structure in relation to age of the rats and to changes in central hemodynamics and cardiac sympathetic neuronal activity. In young, 4-wk-old Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) an increase in dietary sodium induced a dose-related increase in left ventricular (LV) weight (+10 and +24% after 4 wk of 342 or 1,370 mumol Na+/g diets, respectively). Young Wistar rats also developed LV hypertrophy (+14%) on a high sodium intake, but this was less than that seen in WKY. In more mature Wistar and WKY rats, the extent of this trophic response to high sodium intake diminished. In contrast to young Wistar and WKY rats, Dahl salt-resistant rats did not show a trophic response with initiation of high sodium intake at 4 wk of age. The cardiac trophic response to dietary sodium was not associated with changes in central hemodynamics (i.e., filling pressures, cardiac output, and blood pressure). Norepinephrine turnover rate of the left ventricle tended to decrease in response to high dietary sodium intake. We conclude that food sodium can significantly increase LV weight depending on the strain and age of the rats and that this trophic response occurs independent of cardiac volume or pressure overload.

Impact of high sodium intake on blood pressure and functional sympatholysis during rhythmic handgrip exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-620
Author(s):  
Jacob T. Caldwell ◽  
Shelbi L. Sutterfield ◽  
Hunter K. Post ◽  
Garrett M. Lovoy ◽  
Heather R. Banister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Handgrip Exercise ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Intake ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Functional Sympatholysis

High dietary sodium intake is a risk factor for arterial hypertension; given that the ability to overcome sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction (functional sympatholysis) is attenuated in individuals with hypertension, we investigated the cardiovascular responses to high salt (HS) intake in healthy humans. We hypothesized that a HS intake of 15 g/day for 7 days would attenuate functional sympatholysis and augment the blood pressure response to handgrip exercise (HGE). Thirteen participants (6 males, 7 females) underwent 2 individual days of testing. Beat-by-beat blood pressure and heart rate were recorded throughout the trial on the non-exercising limb. Forearm blood flow was derived from ultrasonography on the brachial artery of the exercising limb. Participants then underwent a flow-mediated dilation (FMD) test. Next, a submaximal HGE was performed for 7 min with lower body negative pressure initiated during minutes 5–7. A single spot urine sample revealed a significant increase in sodium excretion during the HS conditions (p < 0.01). FMD was reduced during the HS condition. Mean arterial pressure was significantly higher during HS intake. No alteration to functional sympatholysis was found between conditions (p > 0.05). In summary, HS intake increases blood pressure without impacting functional sympatholysis or blood pressure responsiveness during HGE. These findings indicate that brachial artery dysfunction precedes an inefficient functional sympatholysis. Novelty Functional sympatholysis was not impacted by 1 week of high sodium intake. High sodium intake augmented the rate pressure product during handgrip exercise in healthy humans.

Influence of sodium intake on in vivo left ventricular anatomy in experimental renovascular hypertension

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (6) ◽  
pp. H2103-H2110 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. de Simone ◽  
R. B. Devereux ◽  
M. J. Camargo ◽  
D. C. Wallerson ◽  
J. H. Laragh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Area Index ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
High Sodium Diet

The effect of different dietary salt contents (0.0035, 0.4, and 4%) on in vivo left ventricular (LV) geometry was studied by necropsy-validated echocardiographic methods in groups of 30 two-kidney, one-clip (2K, 1C) and one-kidney, one-clip (1K, 1C) male Wistar rats and two-kidney (2K) and one-kidney (1K) shams 9 wk after surgery. The salt-deficient diet was associated with lower body weight, higher plasma renin activity in both 2K,1C and 2K shams (P < 0.004) and higher hematocrit in 2K,1C (P < 0.02). Blood pressure was increased by high-salt diet in experimental groups but not in shams (P < 0.01). Increase in dietary sodium content was associated with increased cross-sectional area index (CSAI) and LV mass index in 2K rats independently of renal artery stenosis (P < 0.0007) and also in 1K shams (P < 0.01). LV end-diastolic dimension was greater in 1K,1C and 1K shams than in 2K,1C and 2K shams at every level of sodium intake and was directly related to atrial natriuretic factor levels in both 1K,1C (r = 0.68) and 2K,1C (r = 0.59). LV hypertrophy was independently predicted by blood pressure (P < 0.0006) and high-sodium diet (P < 0.05) in 1K rats (multiple r = 0.57, P < 0.001) and by high-sodium diet (P < 0.0001) and low hematocrit (P < 0.05) in 2K rats (multiple r = 0.76, P < 0.0001). Thus provision of normal or high sodium content in the diet was a more consistent stimulus to LV hypertrophy than the level of blood pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals The Effects of Short-Term Changes in Sodium Intake on Plasma Marinobufagenin Levels in Patients with Primary Salt-Sensitive and Salt-Insensitive Hypertension

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1502
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Łabno-Kirszniok ◽  
Agata Kujawa-Szewieczek ◽  
Andrzej Wiecek ◽  
Grzegorz Piecha
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Primary Hypertension ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Sodium Restriction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Dietary Sodium Restriction

Increased marinobufagenin (MBG) synthesis has been suggested in response to high dietary salt intake. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of short-term changes in sodium intake on plasma MBG levels in patients with primary salt-sensitive and salt-insensitive hypertension. In total, 51 patients with primary hypertension were evaluated during acute sodium restriction and sodium loading. Plasma or serum concentrations of MBG, natriuretic pro-peptides, aldosterone, sodium, potassium, as well as hematocrit (Hct) value, plasma renin activity (PRA) and urinary sodium and potassium excretion were measured. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and echocardiography were performed at baseline. In salt-sensitive patients with primary hypertension plasma MBG correlated positively with diastolic blood pressure (ABPM) and serum NT-proANP concentration at baseline and with serum NT-proANP concentration after dietary sodium restriction. In this subgroup plasma MBG concentration decreased during sodium restriction, and a parallel increase of PRA was observed. Acute salt loading further decreased plasma MBG concentration in salt-sensitive subjects in contrast to salt insensitive patients. No correlation was found between plasma MBG concentration and left ventricular mass index. In conclusion, in salt-sensitive hypertensive patients plasma MBG concentration correlates with 24-h diastolic blood pressure and dietary sodium restriction reduces plasma MBG levels. Decreased MBG secretion in response to acute salt loading may play an important role in the pathogenesis of salt sensitivity.

scholarly journals Is socio-demographic status, body mass index, and consumption of food away from home associated with high sodium intake among adults in Malaysia?: findings from the Malaysian Community Salt Survey (MyCoSS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruhaya Salleh ◽  
Shubash Shander Ganapathy ◽  
Norazizah Ibrahim Wong ◽  
Siew Man Cheong ◽  
Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Intake ◽  
Meal Consumption

Abstract Background Studies have shown that having away from home meals contributes to high sodium intake among young people and those who lived in urban areas. This study aimed to determine the association between dietary sodium intake, body mass index, and away from home meal consumption behaviour among Malaysian adults. Methods MyCoSS was a cross-sectional household survey involving 1440 adults age 18 years and above. This study utilized stratified cluster sampling to obtain a nationally representative sample. Data was collected between October 2017 and March 2018. Socio-demographic information, dietary assessment using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and away from home meal consumption were assessed through a face-to-face interview by trained health personnel. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression were applied to identify the association of socioeconomic status and away from home meal consumption with dietary sodium intake. Results A total of 1032 participants completed the FFQ, with a mean age of 48.8 + 15.6 years. Based on the FFQ, slightly over half of the participants (52.1%) had high sodium intake. Results showed that 43.6% of participants consumed at least one to two away from home meals per day, while 20.8% of them had their three main meals away from home. Participants aged less than 30 years old were the strongest predictor to consume more sodium (adjusted OR: 3.83; 95%CI: 2.23, 6.58) while those of Indian ethnicity had significantly lower sodium intake. Surprisingly, having three away from home meals per day was not associated with high dietary sodium intake, although a significant association (crude OR; 1.67, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.35) was found in the simple logistic regression. Obese participants were less likely to have high dietary sodium intake compared with the normal BMI participants in the final model. Conclusion Over half of the participants consumed sodium more than the recommended daily intake, especially those who consumed three away from home meals. However, there was no significant association between high sodium intake and having three away from home meals per day. The promotion of healthy cooking methods among the public must continue to be emphasized to reduce the dietary sodium intake among Malaysian adults.

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