scholarly journals Is socio-demographic status, body mass index, and consumption of food away from home associated with high sodium intake among adults in Malaysia?: findings from the Malaysian Community Salt Survey (MyCoSS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruhaya Salleh ◽  
Shubash Shander Ganapathy ◽  
Norazizah Ibrahim Wong ◽  
Siew Man Cheong ◽  
Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Intake ◽  
Meal Consumption

Abstract Background Studies have shown that having away from home meals contributes to high sodium intake among young people and those who lived in urban areas. This study aimed to determine the association between dietary sodium intake, body mass index, and away from home meal consumption behaviour among Malaysian adults. Methods MyCoSS was a cross-sectional household survey involving 1440 adults age 18 years and above. This study utilized stratified cluster sampling to obtain a nationally representative sample. Data was collected between October 2017 and March 2018. Socio-demographic information, dietary assessment using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and away from home meal consumption were assessed through a face-to-face interview by trained health personnel. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression were applied to identify the association of socioeconomic status and away from home meal consumption with dietary sodium intake. Results A total of 1032 participants completed the FFQ, with a mean age of 48.8 + 15.6 years. Based on the FFQ, slightly over half of the participants (52.1%) had high sodium intake. Results showed that 43.6% of participants consumed at least one to two away from home meals per day, while 20.8% of them had their three main meals away from home. Participants aged less than 30 years old were the strongest predictor to consume more sodium (adjusted OR: 3.83; 95%CI: 2.23, 6.58) while those of Indian ethnicity had significantly lower sodium intake. Surprisingly, having three away from home meals per day was not associated with high dietary sodium intake, although a significant association (crude OR; 1.67, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.35) was found in the simple logistic regression. Obese participants were less likely to have high dietary sodium intake compared with the normal BMI participants in the final model. Conclusion Over half of the participants consumed sodium more than the recommended daily intake, especially those who consumed three away from home meals. However, there was no significant association between high sodium intake and having three away from home meals per day. The promotion of healthy cooking methods among the public must continue to be emphasized to reduce the dietary sodium intake among Malaysian adults.

scholarly journals Association of body mass index with dental caries among malnourished tribal children of Indore division

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astha Chauhan ◽  
Sandesh Nagarajappa ◽  
Pralhad L Dasar ◽  
Prashant Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Malnourished Children

Background and aim. Nutrition is an essential component in human growth, development and maintenance of healthy life. Tribal communities are highly disease prone and do not have the required access to basic health facilities, also having a high degree of malnutrition.The aim of this study was to determine the association of body mass index with dental caries among malnourished tribal children of Indore division (M.P.)Methods. A cross-sectional house to house survey was carried out among 275 study subjects, 6-15 years old tribal children in two major tribal districts of Indore division. Permissions and consent was obtained from local administrative authorities, ethical committee and parents respectively. Anthropometric measurements like height, weight, mid-arm and head circumference were recorded. Children with confirmed malnourishment on basis of BMI index were considered for data collection. Oral examination for caries was conducted according to WHO 1997 survey methods. Descriptive tables and analytical tests such as ANOVA and chi-square test were employed. Independent effects of age, gender, BMI, oral hygiene status and daily intake sugar on caries status were tested using logistic regression analysis.Results. The mean age was 9.75 (±2.43) years. The caries prevalence among permanent dentition of malnourished children was 61.4% with a mean of 1.61 (±0.48). Among tribes, malnourished children of Bhilala tribe showed significantly higher caries prevalence (1.82±0.46, p<0.01). Increase in caries prevalence was seen with increase in severity of malnourishment (p<0.05). Logistic regression indicated gender (males OR=1.19), age (5-10years OR=1.11) and high sugar intake (OR=1.49) were significantly associated with caries occurrence (p=0.001).Conclusion. Caries was more prevalent in malnourished tribal children and was seen to increase with severity of malnourishment.

P4540Obesity in patients with heart failure and without diabetes mellitus is associated with longer event-free survival only among those with high dietary sodium intake

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Saleh ◽  
T Lennie ◽  
D Moser
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Event Free Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Intake ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure

Abstract Background Obesity is paradoxically associated with better short- and long-term outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) and without diabetes mellitus (DM). While excessive dietary sodium intake is common among obese persons, its impact on the association between obesity and outcomes has not been considered. Aim To determine whether dietary sodium intake levels would affect the association between obesity and better outcomes in patients with HF and without DM. Method A sample of 129 patients (age 60±12.4 years; 30% female) provided a single 24-hour urine collection sample to estimate dietary sodium intake. Patients were divided into 4 groups based on body mass index (BMI) and the sodium intake recommendation for HF of 3g/day (obese with high sodium intake [n=41; 32%], obese with low sodium intake [n=16; 12%], non-obese with high sodium intake [n=35; 27%], and non-obese with low sodium intake [n=37; 29%]). Patients were followed-up during an average period of 395 days to determine time to first event of all-cause hospitalization or death. Cox regression was used to determine the association between obesity and outcomes in the context of sodium intake after controlling for age, gender, NYHA class (I II vs. III IV) and LVEF. Results There were 41 patients (31.8%) who had an event of all-cause hospitalization or death. Obese patients with high sodium intake had 61% lower risk for events than those non-obese with low dietary sodium intake (figure). There were no differences in the event-free survival among other groups. Conclusion These data suggest that dietary sodium intake may be particularly important for obese patients with HF and without DM.

Abstract MP64: High Sodium Intake is Associated with Short Leukocyte Telomere Length in Overweight and Obese Adolescents

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haidong Zhu ◽  
Jigar Bhagatwala ◽  
Norman Pollock ◽  
Bernard Gutin ◽  
Jeffrey Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Leukocyte Telomere Length ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Intake

Introduction: The aging process in children and adolescents is accelerated resulting in the premature development of “adult” diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. Telomere shortening plays a key role in human aging; identifying factors that regulate this process is important for developing effective lifestyle interventions so as to prevent and treat age-associated diseases. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that high salt content markedly decreases life span, and accelerates cellular aging through increased DNA breakage. However, the effect of high salt diet on telomere length, a marker of biological aging, remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to test the hypothesis that high dietary sodium intake is inversely associated with leukocyte telomere length, especially in the context of obesity. Methods: Leukocyte telomere length (T/S ratio) was assessed by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction method in 766 adolescents aged 14-18 years (50% female, 49% African Americans). Diet was assessed with three to seven 24-h recalls, and physical activity was determined by accelerometry. Participants were classified according to low vs. high sodium intake (below or above the median), and according to weight status (normal vs. overweight/obese). Analysis of covariance and linear regression analyses were used to determine the effects of sodium intake and weight status on leukocyte telomere length. Results: After controlling for age, sex, race, energy intake, Tanner stage, and vigorous physical activity, a statistically significant sodium intake by weight status interaction was observed, such that leukocyte telomere length was significantly shorter in the high sodium intake vs. low sodium intake subjects from the overweight/obese group (1.24 ± 0.22 vs. 1.32 ± 0.21, p=0.02), but not the normal weight group (1.29 ± 0.24 vs. 1.30 ± 0.24, p=0.69). Consistent with the low vs. high sodium intake group data, multiple linear regression analyses, adjusting for age, sex, race, energy intake, Tanner stage and vigorous physical activity, revealed that higher dietary sodium intake was associated with shorter leukocyte telomere length in the overweight/obese group (β=-0.37, p=.045), but not the normal weight group. Conclusion: High dietary sodium intake is associated with shorter telomere length in overweight and obese adolescents suggesting that high sodium intake and obesity may act synergistically to accelerate cellular aging. Longitudinal studies are warranted to determine the synergistic effect of high sodium intake and obesity on telomere shortening over time.

scholarly journals Dietary Sodium (salt) Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review (P05-039-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Yawar Yakoob ◽  
Naila Baig-ansari
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Intake ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objectives Studies have shown conflicting findings for association of processed meat with risk of colorectal cancer (CRC); with some studies showing an increased risk while others having no associations. Few studies have been done to study this association with salt (sodium) intake that is high in processed meats. Methods A comprehensive, systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed and Google.com to identify observational studies on dietary salt (sodium) intake for prevention of CRC. 1933 titles were identified and screened of which 86 abstracts were selected for full-text review; finally, 7 studies were included. Results In case-control studies from Jordan on 169 CRC cases (248 matched controls), from Siberia on 185 cases (210 matched controls), and from Greece on 250 cases (250 controls), high sodium intake was significantly associated with an increased CRC risk (highest to lowest quartile, OR = 3.42, 95% CI: 1.59–7.38; high vs. medium salt in food, OR = 3.45, 1.68–7.1; and added table salt yes vs. no, OR = 1.62, 1.05–2.49, latter got attenuated when adjusted for overall dietary habits, OR = 1.41, 0.90–2.20; respectively). However, in another case-control study from Australia on 715 cases (727 matched controls), high sodium intake was not associated with CRC (RR = 1.23, 0.9–2.4, P = 0.11). Similar for sub-group of colon cancer but significant only for rectal cancer (RR = 1.61, 1.1–2.3, P = 0.006). In a prospective cohort study from Japan on 81,578 subjects free of cancer/CVD at baseline, no association was found for sodium and CRC (highest vs. lowest quartile, HR = 1.10, 0.85–1.42, P-trend = 0.51). Other study designs have also shown increased risk. A cross-sectional study from Oman on 405 participants showed that eating food high in salt (26.8%) was a risk factor for stomach and colorectal cancer with significant associations in young age groups and with higher education. Lastly, in a comparative ecological study from South Africa, sodium intake was higher in West coast fishermen (6 CRC cases over 5 years/120,000) vs. urban Cape Town inhabitants (677/2 million). Conclusions Majority of studies were case-control design, most of which showed positive association between sodium intake and CRC. Cross-sectional/ecological studies support this. Meta-analysis needs to be done to increase sample size and explore potential heterogeneity. Funding Sources None.

Dietary sodium and central vs. peripheral ouabain-like activity in Dahl salt-sensitive vs. salt-resistant rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (5) ◽  
pp. H1916-H1920 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Leenen ◽  
E. Harmsen ◽  
H. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Intake ◽  
Pressor Responses ◽  
Excess Sodium

To assess the possible contribution of brain ouabain-like activity (OLA) to the pressor effects of high-sodium intake in Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl S) rats, we assessed the effects of high (8%) on blood pressure (BP) and peripheral and brain OLA in Dahl on blood pressure (BP) and peripheral and brain OLA in Dahl S and Dahl salt-resistant (Dahl R) rats. On regular sodium intake, Dahl S and R had similar BP; however, by 7 wk of age adrenal and plasma OLA were 15–30% higher in Dahl S vs. R, whereas central OLA remained similar. On high-sodium intake, in Dahl S both peripheral and central OLA increased within 1 wk with additional increases after 3 wk. These increases preceded the rise in BP. In Dahl R rats, high sodium did not increase BP. However, 3 wk of high sodium did increase peripheral as well as central OLA, the latter to a lesser extent compared with Dahl S and not in the hypothalamus. These results are consistent with the concept that central OLA may be involved in the pressor responses to high sodium in Dahl S. Circulating OLA may play a role in the regulation of renal function to excrete excess sodium in both strains.

Dietary sodium affects systemic and renal hemodynamic response to NO inhibition in healthy humans

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (5) ◽  
pp. F914-F923 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Bech ◽  
C. B. Nielsen ◽  
P. Ivarsen ◽  
K. T. Jensen ◽  
E. B. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Renal Hemodynamics ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Intake ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Relative Decrease

Animal studies have indicated that increased nitric oxide (NO) synthesis plays a significant role in the renal adaptation to increased sodium intake. To investigate the role of NO during increased sodium intake in humans, we studied the effect of acute, systemic injection of N G-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA) on renal hemodynamics [glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow (GFR and RPF, respectively)], urinary sodium excretion (FENa), systemic hemodynamics [mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate (MAP and HR)], and plasma levels of several vasoactive hormones in 12 healthy subjects during high (250 mmol/day) and low (77 mmol/day) sodium intake in a crossover design. The sodium diets were administered for 5 days before the l-NMMA treatments, in randomized order, with a washout period of 9 days between each diet and l-NMMA treatment. GFR and RPF were measured using the renal clearance of51Cr-labeled EDTA and125I-labeled hippuran by the constant infusion technique in clearance periods of 30-min duration. Two baseline periods were obtained, after whichl-NMMA was given (3 mg/kg over 10 min), and the effect of treatment was followed over the next five clearance periods. During high sodium intake,l-NMMA induced a more pronounced relative decrease in RPF ( P = 0.0417, ANOVA), a more pronounced relative decrease in FENa( P = 0.0032, ANOVA), and a more pronounced relative increase in MAP ( P= 0.0231, ANOVA). During low sodium intake, the effect ofl-NMMA on FENa was abolished. During low sodium intake, l-NMMA induced a sustained drop in plasma renin (31 ± 5 vs. 25 ± 5 μU/ml, P < 0.001), which was not seen during high sodium intake. The data indicate that increased production of NO is an important part of the adaptation to increased dietary sodium intake in healthy humans, with respect to renal hemodynamics, sodium excretion, and the secretion of renin.

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide-Cyclic Gmp Relationships in Normal Humans: Effects of Dietary Sodium Intake

1993 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Sagnella ◽  
N. D. Markandu ◽  
M. G. Buckley ◽  
D. R. J. Singer ◽  
G. A. MacGregor
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Cyclic Gmp ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Intake ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

1. The present study was designed to investigate the relationships between circulating atrial natriuretic peptide, plasma and urinary cyclic GMP and sodium excretion under basal conditions and in response to changes in dietary sodium intake. 2. Measurements of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and plasma and urinary (24 h collections) cyclic GMP, sodium and creatinine were made in (i) 30 normotensive subjects on their normal sodium intake and (ii) 12 subjects on the 5th day of a low and on the 5th day of a high sodium intake. 3. Plasma cyclic GMP, urinary cyclic GMP and fractional excretion of cyclic GMP in 30 normotensive subjects on their normal sodium intake were (means ± SEM) 5.4 ± 0.5 pmol/ml, 434.5 ± 31.8 pmol/min and 86.9 ± 8.6%, respectively. There were significant correlations between urinary cyclic GMP and its corresponding filtered load (r = 0.55) and between the renal clearance of cyclic GMP and that of creatinine (r = 0.44), but there were no significant associations between circulating atrial natriuretic peptide and plasma cyclic GMP or the fractional excretion of cyclic GMP or between urinary sodium and the fractional excretion of cyclic GMP. 5. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide was significantly raised on the 5th day of the high sodium intake compared with the low sodium intake (10.6 ± 1.6 versus 4.2 ± 0.9 pg/ml; P <0.05). Similarly, there were increases in urinary cyclic GMP excretion (692.3 ± 43.4 versus 427.4 ± 41.9 pmol/min, P <0.05), but there were no significant differences in the fractional excretion of cyclic GMP. 6. As neither plasma nor urinary cyclic GMP was strongly associated with circulating levels of atrial natriuretic peptide, the present study suggests that other factors may be more important than circulating atrial natriuretic peptide as determinants of extracellular cyclic GMP.

scholarly journals P0166ADDITIVE INTERACTION OF HIGH SODIUM INTAKE AND INCREASED SERUM TRIGLYCERIDE ON HYPERTENSION

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo-Hark Yi ◽  
Mi-yeon Yu ◽  
Jong Wook Choi ◽  
Sang-Woong Han ◽  
Chang Hwa Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Intake ◽  
Abnormal Lipid Metabolism

Abstract Background and Aims Both high salt diet and abnormal lipid metabolism are critical risks of vascular endothelial dysfunction. This study investigated the interactive effects of increased sodium intake and elevated serum triglyceride (TG) on elevated blood pressure (BP). Method We conducted nation-wide, population-based interaction analysis using Kawasaki method for estimating 24-h urinary sodium excretion (e24hUNaEKawasaki) as a candidate indicator of dietary sodium intake. Eligible as cases were all native Koreans aged 20 years or older without significant medical illness. Results: A total of 16936 participants were divided into quintiles according to their e24hUNaEKawasaki results. Participants in the highest quintile were more obese and hypertensive and had increased white blood cell count, decreased hemoglobin, greater glycemic exposure, and poor lipid profiles as compared to lower quintiles. Linear regression showed that e24UNaEKawasaki was closely related with dietary sodium intake, systolic BP, diastolic BP, and TG. Multiple logistic regression, adjusted for dietary sodium intake and various conventional risk factors of hypertension, demonstrated that both e24UNaEKawasaki and TG were significant predictors of hypertension. Our interaction analysis revealed that high sodium intake had a bigger effect on the risk of hypertension in participants with elevated TG than those without (adjusted RERI = 0.022, 95% CI = 0.017-0.027; adjusted AP = 0.017, 95% CI = 0.006-0.028; adjusted SI = 1.010, 95% CI = 1.007-1.014). Conclusion Our findings indicate that the interaction of high salt diet and abnormal lipid metabolism may exert synergistic biologic effect on the increased arterial BP.

scholarly journals Risk factors related with high sodium intake among Malaysian adults: findings from the Malaysian Community Salt Survey (MyCoSS) 2017–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Shahida Abdul Aziz ◽  
Rashidah Ambak ◽  
Fatimah Othman ◽  
Feng J. He ◽  
Muslimah Yusof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
High Sodium Intake

Abstract Background High sodium intake was an established risk factor for stroke and cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate factors associated with high sodium intake based on 24-h urinary sodium excretion from the MyCoSS study. Methods The cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults aged 18 years and above in Malaysia. A multi-stage stratified sampling was used to represent nationally. Twenty-four-hour urine was collected from a total of 900 respondents. Indirect ion-selective electrode (ISE) method was used to measure sodium intake. Descriptive and logistic regression analysis was applied to determine factors associated with high sodium intake based on 24-h urinary sodium excretion. Results A total of 798 respondents (76% response rate) completed the 24-h urine collection process. Logistic regression revealed that high sodium intake associated with obese [aOR 2.611 (95% CI 1.519, 4.488)], male [aOR 2.436 (95% CI 1.473, 4.030)], having a waist circumference of > 90cm for adult males [aOR 2.260 ( 95% CI 1.020, 5.009) and >80cm for adult females [aOR 1.210 (95% CI 0.556, 2.631)], being a young adult [aOR 1.977 (95% CI 1.094, 3.574)], and living in urban areas [aOR 1.701 (95% CI 1.094, 2.645)]. Conclusion Adults who are obese, have a large waist circumference, of male gender, living in urban areas, and belonging to the young adult age group were found to have higher sodium intake than other demographic groups. Hence, reduction of salt consumption among these high-risk groups should be emphasised to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Dietary sodium intake and left ventricular hypertrophy in normotensive rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (5) ◽  
pp. H1397-H1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. X. Yuan ◽  
F. H. Leenen
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Central Hemodynamics ◽  
Cardiac Volume ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Intake ◽  
Wky Rats ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

In three different normotensive rat strains, we evaluated the effects of a large range of dietary sodium (101, 342, and 1,370 mumol Na+/g) on cardiac structure in relation to age of the rats and to changes in central hemodynamics and cardiac sympathetic neuronal activity. In young, 4-wk-old Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) an increase in dietary sodium induced a dose-related increase in left ventricular (LV) weight (+10 and +24% after 4 wk of 342 or 1,370 mumol Na+/g diets, respectively). Young Wistar rats also developed LV hypertrophy (+14%) on a high sodium intake, but this was less than that seen in WKY. In more mature Wistar and WKY rats, the extent of this trophic response to high sodium intake diminished. In contrast to young Wistar and WKY rats, Dahl salt-resistant rats did not show a trophic response with initiation of high sodium intake at 4 wk of age. The cardiac trophic response to dietary sodium was not associated with changes in central hemodynamics (i.e., filling pressures, cardiac output, and blood pressure). Norepinephrine turnover rate of the left ventricle tended to decrease in response to high dietary sodium intake. We conclude that food sodium can significantly increase LV weight depending on the strain and age of the rats and that this trophic response occurs independent of cardiac volume or pressure overload.

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