Phylogeny of the Crepidula plana (Gastropoda: Calyptraeidae) cryptic species complex in North America

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 1500-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Collin
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
North America ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Single Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Cryptic Species Complex

The taxonomy of Crepidula species with flat white shells is particularly difficult. These animals from the east coast of North America have generally been classified as a single species, Crepidula plana Say, 1822. Based on allozyme and developmental data, however, Hoagland (K.E. Hoagland. 1984. Malacologia, 25: 607-628; K.E. Hoagland. 1986. Am. Malacol. Bull. 4: 173-183) concluded that two species of flat white-shelled Crepidula live along the east coast of the United States, but she did not apply any name to the second species. Herein I use molecular techniques to characterize populations of flat white-shelled Crepidula species from Texas, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and |Massachusetts, and describe their morphology and development. DNA-sequence data support the existence of three species. One species is readily distinguished on the basis of morphology and development, but the other two are very similar. To clarify the nomenclature of these species, I designate neotypes for C. plana Say, 1822 and Crepidula depressa Say, 1822, and describe Crepidula atrasolea sp.nov.

scholarly journals Veterinary Fusarioses within the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 2813-2819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry O'Donnell ◽  
Deanna A. Sutton ◽  
Nathan Wiederhold ◽  
Vincent A. R. G. Robert ◽  
Pedro W. Crous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Species Complexes

Multilocus DNA sequence data were used to assess the genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships of 67Fusariumstrains from veterinary sources, most of which were from the United States. Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that the strains comprised 23 phylogenetically distinct species, all but two of which were previously known to infect humans, distributed among eight species complexes. The majority of the veterinary isolates (47/67 = 70.1%) were nested within theFusarium solanispecies complex (FSSC), and these included 8 phylospecies and 33 unique 3-locus sequence types (STs). Three of the FSSC species (Fusarium falciforme,Fusarium keratoplasticum, andFusariumsp. FSSC 12) accounted for four-fifths of the veterinary strains (38/47) and STs (27/33) within this clade. Most of theF. falciformestrains (12/15) were recovered from equine keratitis infections; however, strains ofF. keratoplasticumandFusariumsp. FSSC 12 were mostly (25/27) isolated from marine vertebrates and invertebrates. Our sampling suggests that theFusarium incarnatum-equisetispecies complex (FIESC), with eight mycoses-associated species, may represent the second most important clade of veterinary relevance withinFusarium. Six of the multilocus STs within the FSSC (3+4-eee, 1-b, 12-a, 12-b, 12-f, and 12-h) and one each within the FIESC (1-a) and theFusarium oxysporumspecies complex (ST-33) were widespread geographically, including three STs with transoceanic disjunctions. In conclusion, fusaria associated with veterinary mycoses are phylogenetically diverse and typically can only be identified to the species level using DNA sequence data from portions of one or more informative genes.

scholarly journals First records of the fanged frogs Limnonectes bannaensis Ye, Fei & Jiang, 2007 and L. utara Matsui, Belabut & Ahmad, 2014 (Amphibia: Anura: Dicroglossidae) in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chatmongkon Suwannapoom ◽  
Ke Jiang ◽  
Yun-He Wu ◽  
Parinya Pawangkhanant ◽  
Sengvilay Lorphengsy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Cryptic Species Complex

The taxonomic status of the Thai populations belonging to the Limnonectes kuhlii species complex is controversial, due to phenotypic similarity in the cryptic species complex. Recently, some studies on this group in Thailand have discovered four new species: L. taylori, L. megastomias, L. jarujini and L. isanensis. Even so, the diversity of this group is still incomplete. Based on an integrative approach encompassing genetic and morphological analyses, we conclude that the Limnonectes populations from Nan Province (northern) and Yala Province (southern) of Thailand are conspecific with L. bannaensis Ye, Fei & Jiang, 2007 and L. utara Matsui, Belabut & Ahmad, 2014, respectively. These are the first records of these species in Thailand. Our study highlights the importance of using DNA sequence data in combination with morphological data to accurately document species identity and diversity. This is especially important for morphologically cryptic species complexes and sympatrically occurring congeners.

Comparison of Puccinia acroptili from Eurasia and the USA

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.L. Bruckart ◽  
F.M. Eskandari ◽  
D.K. Berner ◽  
M.C. Aime
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Single Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Russian Knapweed ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Recent Evaluation

A rust disease caused by Puccinia acroptili P. Syd. & Syd. occurs throughout the range of Russian knapweed (Rhaponticum (syn. Acroptilon) repens), including North America. Differences in teliospore dimensions had been observed previously, but not quantified, between a specimen of P. acroptili from Turkey and one from the United States of America (USA). Similar differences were found during a recent evaluation of P. acroptili for biological control of R. repens in the USA; e.g., teliospores from eight USA isolates were 2.4 µm shorter (P = 0.05) than four isolates from Eurasia (two from Turkey, and one each from Russia and Kazakhstan). This inspired the generation of additional biological and DNA sequence data to clarify the significance of these differences between USA and Eurasian isolates. Although the USA isolates were found to have shorter teliospores, as noted in the description by Savile, teliospores of the USA isolates were also significantly wider in diameter than isolates from Eurasia; the latter in contrast to Savile’s observation. Biologically, the isolates were the same; all were equally aggressive in causing disease under common greenhouse test conditions, and fertile crosses occurred between isolates regardless of source. DNA sequence analyses of the nuclear rDNA large subunit and internal transcribed spacer regions supported the notion that P. acroptili is a single species, but it also revealed that small levels of variation may exist within the species. For these reasons, it has been concluded that USA and Eurasian accessions can be considered a single species, i.e., P. acroptili. Also, Savile’s observation about differences in spore dimensions is substantiated.

scholarly journals Sequence data from isolated lichen-associated melanized fungi enhance delimitation of two new lineages within Chaetothyriomycetidae

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 911-927
Author(s):  
Lucia Muggia ◽  
Yu Quan ◽  
Cécile Gueidan ◽  
Abdullah M. S. Al-Hatmi ◽  
Martin Grube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Asexual Propagation ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rock Inhabiting Fungi ◽  
Stable Habitat

AbstractLichen thalli provide a long-lived and stable habitat for colonization by a wide range of microorganisms. Increased interest in these lichen-associated microbial communities has revealed an impressive diversity of fungi, including several novel lineages which still await formal taxonomic recognition. Among these, members of the Eurotiomycetes and Dothideomycetes usually occur asymptomatically in the lichen thalli, even if they share ancestry with fungi that may be parasitic on their host. Mycelia of the isolates are characterized by melanized cell walls and the fungi display exclusively asexual propagation. Their taxonomic placement requires, therefore, the use of DNA sequence data. Here, we consider recently published sequence data from lichen-associated fungi and characterize and formally describe two new, individually monophyletic lineages at family, genus, and species levels. The Pleostigmataceae fam. nov. and Melanina gen. nov. both comprise rock-inhabiting fungi that associate with epilithic, crust-forming lichens in subalpine habitats. The phylogenetic placement and the monophyly of Pleostigmataceae lack statistical support, but the family was resolved as sister to the order Verrucariales. This family comprises the species Pleostigma alpinum sp. nov., P. frigidum sp. nov., P. jungermannicola, and P. lichenophilum sp. nov. The placement of the genus Melanina is supported as a lineage within the Chaetothyriales. To date, this genus comprises the single species M. gunde-cimermaniae sp. nov. and forms a sister group to a large lineage including Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriaceae, Cyphellophoraceae, and Trichomeriaceae. The new phylogenetic analysis of the subclass Chaetothyiomycetidae provides new insight into genus and family level delimitation and classification of this ecologically diverse group of fungi.

scholarly journals Aeolidia papillosa(Linnaeus, 1761) (Mollusca: Heterobranchia: Nudibranchia), single species or a cryptic species complex? A morphological and molecular study

2016 ◽  
Vol 177 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Kienberger ◽  
Leila Carmona ◽  
Marta Pola ◽  
Vinicius Padula ◽  
Terrence M. Gosliner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Cryptic Species Complex

A newly recognised species that has been confused with the global polyphagous pest scale insect, Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4320 (3) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
YEN-PO LIN ◽  
HIROTAKA TANAKA ◽  
LYN G. COOK
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Cryptic Species Complex ◽  
Coccus Hesperidum

Coccus hesperidum L. (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), the type species of the soft scale genus Coccus L., the family Coccidae and the whole of the scale insects (Coccoidea), is a cosmopolitan plant pest. Using DNA sequence data and morphological comparisons, we determine that there is a distinct species that is morphologically very similar to C. hesperidum. Here, we describe the species as Coccus praetermissus Lin & Tanaka sp. n., based on adult female specimens from Australia, Malaysia and Thailand. The adult female of C. praetermissus sp. n. differs from C. hesperidum in having dorsal setae with bluntly rounded tips, whereas they are sharply pointed in C. hesperidum. A detailed description of the newly recognised species is provided, incorporating adult female morphology and DNA sequences from mitochondrial and nuclear loci. Our examination of slides from The Natural History Museum, London, and several Australian institutions indicates that C. praetermissus sp. n. has been confused sometimes with C. hesperidum s. s. These findings have potential relevance to plant biosecurity and quarantine because C. hesperidum is cosmopolitan whereas C. praetermissus sp. n., which is also polyphagous and the two species can share many host plants, currently appears to be more geographically restricted. Additionally, there is deep genetic divergence within C. praetermissus sp. n. that might indicate that it is a cryptic species complex, but wider geographic sampling is required to test this possibility. 

Landside Access to Seaports in Urban Areas: A Case Study

1997 ◽  
Vol 1602 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Chatterjee ◽  
Joseph E. Hummer ◽  
David B. Clarke ◽  
Scott M. Ney
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
East Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Local Levels

Seaports in the United States usually are located in urban areas. They are major traffic generators on the landside. However, the landside access needs of ports often are overlooked by the transportation and land-use planning processes. A case study of three ports on the East Coast of the United States was performed: Savannah, Georgia; Wilmington, North Carolina; and Morehead City, North Carolina. Both highway and rail access issues were examined at regional and local levels. Several serious issues and problems are identified and discussed in the paper, including effects on local communities.

Refugial isolation and divergence in the Narrowheaded Gartersnake species complex (Thamnophis rufipunctatus) as revealed by multilocus DNA sequence data

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 3856-3878 ◽  
Author(s):  
DUSTIN A. WOOD ◽  
A. G. VANDERGAST ◽  
J. A. LEMOS ESPINAL ◽  
R. N. FISHER ◽  
A. T. HOLYCROSS
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Dna Sequence Data

scholarly journals Deep phylogeographic splits but no taxonomic structure in the disjointly distributed Draba pacheri (Brassicaceae), a subendemic of the Eastern Alps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich Kucs ◽  
Peter Schönswetter ◽  
Gerald M. Schneeweiss
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Eastern Alps ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Aflp Data ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Mountain Habitats

AbstractDraba (Brassicaeae), a model group for diversification and evolution in Arctic and mountain habitats, is taxonomically challenging and many of its species are insufficiently investigated. One such species is D. pacheri, an endemic of the eastern European Alps and the western Carpathians (here presumably extinct). Several hypotheses exist with respect to the phylogenetic position and the taxonomy of this species, but none of these has ever been tested using molecular data. In this article we examine (i) DNA sequence data to assess the phylogenetic position of D. pacheri within the genus and (ii) AFLP fingerprint data as well as morphometric data to address whether this species can be divided taxonomically into species or subspecies. DNA sequence data firmly place D. pacheri within the Core Draba Group III, whose internal relationships are, however, insufficiently resolved to precisely identify the closest relative of D. pacheri. AFLP data identify several genetically divergent lineages corresponding to geographically distinct regions. Although these lineages are congruent with hypotheses distinguishing either two species (D. pacheri s. str., D. norica) or one species with several subspecies, the lack of clear morphological separation, both with respect to the entire set of traits and single presumably diagnostic characters such as trichome morphology, renders recognition of a single species D. pacheri, as suggested previously, the best taxonomic solution. The deep and geographically strongly structured splits of D. pacheri likely are the result of isolation in several Pleistocene refugia and warrant that conservation efforts should involve populations from each of the main geographic subgroups.

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