The direct and indirect effects of temperature on a predator–prey relationship

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1834-1841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T Anderson ◽  
Joseph M Kiesecker ◽  
Douglas P Chivers ◽  
Andrew R Blaustein
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Prey Mass ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Logistic Regression Equation ◽  
Probability Of Capture

Abiotic factors may directly influence community structure by influencing biotic interactions. In aquatic systems, where gape-limited predators are common, abiotic factors that influence organisms' growth rates potentially mediate predator–prey interactions indirectly through effects on prey size. We tested the hypothesis that temperature influences interactions between aquatic size-limited insect predators (Notonecta kirbyi) and their larval anuran prey (Hyla regilla) beyond its indirect effect on prey size. Notonecta kirbyi and H. regilla were raised and tested in predator–prey trials at one of three experimentally maintained temperatures, 9.9, 20.7, or 25.7°C. Temperature strongly influenced anuran growth and predator success; mean tadpole mass over time was positively related to temperature, while the number of prey caught was negatively related. At higher temperatures tadpoles attained greater mass more quickly, allowing them to avoid capture by notonectids. However, the probability of capture is a function of both mass and temperature; temperature was a significant explanatory variable in a logistic regression equation predicting prey capture. For a given prey mass, tadpoles raised in warmer water experienced a higher probability of capture by notonectids. Thus, rather than being static, prey size refugia are influenced directly by abiotic factors, in this case temperature. This suggests that temperature exerts differential effects on notonectid and larval anurans, leading to differences in the probability of prey capture for a given prey mass. Therefore, temperature can influence predator–prey interactions via indirect effects on prey size and direct effects on prey.

scholarly journals Temperature and Estrogen Alter Predator–Prey Interactions between Fish Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J L Ward ◽  
V Korn ◽  
A N Auxier ◽  
H L Schoenfuss
Keyword(s):  
Prey Capture ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Environmental Estrogens ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Food Web Interactions ◽  
Capture Success ◽  
High Concentrations

Synopsis A variety of environmental estrogens are commonly detected in human-impacted waterways. Although much is known about the effects of these environmental estrogens on the reproductive physiology and behavior of individuals within species, comparatively less is known about how these compounds alter the outcomes of interactions between species. Furthermore, few studies have considered how the effects of contaminants are modulated by natural variation in abiotic factors, such as temperature. To help fill this knowledge gap, we conducted a factorial experiment to examine the independent and combined effects of estrone (E1) and temperature on the outcome of predator–prey interactions between two common North American freshwater fishes, fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). Larval fathead minnows and adult sunfish were exposed to either a low (mean±standard deviation, 90.1 ± 18 ng/L; n = 16) or high (414 ± 147 ng/L; n = 15) concentration of E1 or to a solvent control for 30 days at one of four natural seasonal temperatures (15°C, 18°C, 21°C, and 24°C) before predation trials were performed. Exposure to E1 was associated with a significant increase in larval predation mortality that was independent of temperature. Across all temperature treatments, approximately 74% of control minnows survived; this survivorship significantly exceeded that of minnows exposed to either concentration of E1 (49% and 53% for minnows exposed to the low and high concentrations, respectively). However, exposure to E1 also impaired the prey-capture success of sunfish, partially mitigating predation pressure on exposed minnows. Overall prey-capture success by sunfish showed an inverted U-shaped distribution with temperature, with maximal prey consumption occurring at 21°C. This study illustrates the vulnerability of organismal interactions to estrogenic pollutants and highlights the need to include food web interactions in assessments of risk.

Effects of temperature and prey size on predator–prey interactions between bluefish and bay anchovy

2014 ◽  
Vol 461 ◽  
pp. 449-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Morley ◽  
Jeffrey A. Buckel
Keyword(s):  
Prey Size ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Bay Anchovy

scholarly journals Feeding preference of Euborellia annulipes to Plutella xylostella: effects of temperature and prey development stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilmar da Silva Nunes ◽  
Hágabo Honorato de Paulo ◽  
Welliny Soares Rocha Dias ◽  
Sergio Antonio De Bortoli
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Potential Predator ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

ABSTRACT The ring-legged earwig Euborellia annulipes has been studied as a natural enemy of pest-insects and a potential predator of diamondback moth. Temperature is an important factor that mediates the pest population density and may affect the predator-prey relationship dynamics. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the temperature and development stage of Plutella xylostella individuals on the feeding preference of E. annulipes females. Three temperatures (18 ºC, 25 ºC and 32 ºC), two development stages (larvae and pupae) and two feeding conditions related to the prey capture (with or without choice) were assessed. No matter the temperature, ring-legged earwig females showed a preference for eating larvae, instead of pupae. The temperature and choice conditions influenced the amount of consumed preys, but only for larvae (not for pupae). The lowest larvae consumption was observed at 18 ºC, in both prey capture conditions.

A length-based approach to predator–prey relationships in marine predators

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Juanes
Keyword(s):  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Critical Feature ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Marine Predators ◽  
Prey Mass ◽  
Aquatic Predators ◽  
Prey Length

Body size is a critical feature of the ecology of most organisms and has been used to describe and understand predator–prey interactions in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Most previous studies have used prey mass to examine the relationships between predator size and prey size; however, using prey lengths may provide a different perspective, particularly for gape-limited fishes. Using a large database of predator and prey lengths for marine aquatic predators, I found the expected positive wedge-shaped relationship between predator length and prey length and a negative converging relationship between relative prey length (prey–predator length ratio = a measure of trophic niche breadth) and predator length. Distinct patterns in the size scaling of this measure of trophic niche breadth were identified using quantile regression: converging relationships were common among adults but absent among larvae. This difference suggests contrasting ontogenetic foraging opportunities between adults and larvae: a lack of large relative prey sizes for the largest adult predators, and a greater ability of larvae to include larger prey items in their diet as they grow.

The direct and indirect effects of temperature on a predator–prey relationship

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1834-1841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Anderson ◽  
Joseph M. Kiesecker ◽  
Douglas P. Chivers ◽  
Andrew R. Blaustein
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

scholarly journals Predator–prey body size relationships when predators can consume prey larger than themselves

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 20121193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takefumi Nakazawa ◽  
Shin-ya Ohba ◽  
Masayuki Ushio
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Fish Predators ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Prey Mass

As predator–prey interactions are inherently size-dependent, predator and prey body sizes are key to understanding their feeding relationships. To describe predator–prey size relationships (PPSRs) when predators can consume prey larger than themselves, we conducted field observations targeting three aquatic hemipteran bugs, and assessed their body masses and those of their prey for each hunting event. The data revealed that their PPSR varied with predator size and species identity, although the use of the averaged sizes masked these effects. Specifically, two predators had slightly decreased predator–prey mass ratios (PPMRs) during growth, whereas the other predator specialized on particular sizes of prey, thereby showing a clear positive size–PPMR relationship. We discussed how these patterns could be different from fish predators swallowing smaller prey whole.

scholarly journals Experimental warming influences species abundances in a Drosophila host community through direct effects on species performance rather than altered competition and parasitism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélanie Thierry ◽  
Nicholas A. Pardikes ◽  
Chia-Hua Lue ◽  
Owen T. Lewis ◽  
Jan Hrček
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Experimental Warming ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Species Abundances ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Species Performance

AbstractCurrent global warming trends are expected to have direct effects on species through their sensitivity to temperature, as well as on their biotic interactions, with cascading indirect effects on species, communities, and entire ecosystems. To predict the community-level consequences of global change we need to understand the relative roles of both the direct and indirect effects of warming. We used a laboratory experiment to investigate how warming affects a tropical community of three species of Drosophila hosts interacting with two species of parasitoids over a single generation. Our experimental design allowed us to distinguish between the direct effects of temperature on host species performance, and indirect effects through altered biotic interactions (competition among hosts and parasitism by parasitoid wasps). Although experimental warming significantly decreased parasitism for all host-parasitoid pairs, the effects of parasitism and competition on host communities did not vary across temperatures. Instead, effects on host relative abundances were species-specific, with one host species dominating the community at warmer temperatures, independently of parasitism and competition treatments. Our results show that temperature shaped a Drosophila host community directly through differences in species’ thermal performance, and not via its influences on biotic interactions.

scholarly journals Identifying appropriate sampling and modelling approaches for analysing distributional patterns of Antarctic terrestrial arthropods along the Victoria Land latitudinal gradient

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 742-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tancredi Caruso ◽  
Ian D. Hogg ◽  
Roberto Bargagli
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Terrestrial Arthropods ◽  
Victoria Land ◽  
Dispersal Capability ◽  
Modelling Techniques

AbstractBiotic communities in Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems are relatively simple and often lack higher trophic levels (e.g. predators); thus, it is often assumed that species’ distributions are mainly affected by abiotic factors such as climatic conditions, which change with increasing latitude, altitude and/or distance from the coast. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that factors other than geographical gradients affect the distribution of organisms with low dispersal capability such as the terrestrial arthropods. In Victoria Land (East Antarctica) the distribution of springtail (Collembola) and mite (Acari) species vary at scales that range from a few square centimetres to regional and continental. Different species show different scales of variation that relate to factors such as local geological and glaciological history, and biotic interactions, but only weakly with latitudinal/altitudinal gradients. Here, we review the relevant literature and outline more appropriate sampling designs as well as suitable modelling techniques (e.g. linear mixed models and eigenvector mapping), that will more adequately address and identify the range of factors responsible for the distribution of terrestrial arthropods in Antarctica.

The effects of temperature and predator-prey interactions on the migration behavior and vertical distribution of Mysis relicta

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1599-1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent T. Boscarino ◽  
Lars G. Rudstam ◽  
Shylene Mata ◽  
Gideon Gal ◽  
Ora E. Johannsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Migration Behavior ◽  
Mysis Relicta ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Environmental–biomechanical reciprocity and the evolution of plant material properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl J Niklas ◽  
Frank W Telewski
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Cellular Solids ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Evolutionary Innovation ◽  
Plant Form ◽  
And Function ◽  
Abiotic Environmental Factors

Abstract Abiotic–biotic interactions have shaped organic evolution since life first began. Abiotic factors influence growth, survival, and reproductive success, whereas biotic responses to abiotic factors have changed the physical environment (and indeed created new environments). This reciprocity is well illustrated by land plants who begin and end their existence in the same location while growing in size over the course of years or even millennia, during which environment factors change over many orders of magnitude. A biomechanical, ecological, and evolutionary perspective reveals that plants are (i) composed of materials (cells and tissues) that function as cellular solids (i.e. materials composed of one or more solid and fluid phases); (ii) that have evolved greater rigidity (as a consequence of chemical and structural changes in their solid phases); (iii) allowing for increases in body size and (iv) permitting acclimation to more physiologically and ecologically diverse and challenging habitats; which (v) have profoundly altered biotic as well as abiotic environmental factors (e.g. the creation of soils, carbon sequestration, and water cycles). A critical component of this evolutionary innovation is the extent to which mechanical perturbations have shaped plant form and function and how form and function have shaped ecological dynamics over the course of evolution.

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