THE EFFECT OF A MICROSPORIDIAN PARASITE ON THE DEVELOPMENT, REPRODUCTION, AND MORTALITY OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.)

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Initial Dose ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
First Instar

Infection of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), by the microsporidian parasite Perezia fumiferanae Thorn, retards both larval and pupal development and reduces pupal weight, fecundity, and adult longevity. These effects are more pronounced among the female insects. There is no evidence that the parasite affects male fertility, mate choice, or the fertility of eggs produced. The parasite causes some mortality, most of which occurs before the fifth instar. Among larvae infected orally, mortality seems to be related to the size of the initial dose. Mortality occurs equally in both sexes. The development and survival of the first instar and overwintering second instar are not affected by the parasite. It is suggested that the parasite causes most of the observed results by reducing the insect's ability to assimilate its food. Mortality, however, is believed to be due to the destruction of the mid-gut or Malpighian tubules.

Does nutrition-related stress carry over to spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) progeny?

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Carisey ◽  
É. Bauce
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Parental Nutrition ◽  
Biological Performance

AbstractThree different patterns of feeding of sixth-instar spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens were simulated in the laboratory. Larvae were fed artificial diets whose nitrogen and total soluble sugar contents varied according to levels similar to those found in three types of balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Miller foliage (current-year foliage from middle and lower crown sections and one-year-old foliage). The biological performance of offspring was studied according to the nutrition of their parents. Although food quality had no impact on pupal weight of female parents and individual mean egg weight, progeny fitness was influenced by parental nutrition. Old foliage simulated diet, poor in nitrogen, clearly affected the early larval development of progeny, especially the percent of egg hatch and first-instar survival. Lower crown current-year foliage simulated diet, with low total soluble sugar content, reduced the first-instar survival of the progeny. However, the selective pressure exerted by low food qualities on the parental generation and on the early stages of their progenies resulted in C. fumiferana populations having higher tolerance to starvation and higher survival after the diapause period. These results highlighted the potentially direct and indirect effects of C. fumiferana parental nutrition on the next generation. The patterns of feeding of parental generations would appear to affect the quality and size of subsequent populations through several selections on the different life-history stages of both generations.

PATHOGENICITY OF NOSEMA FUMIFERANAE (THOMSON) (MICROSPORIDA) IN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEMENS), AND IMPLICATIONS OF DIAPAUSE CONDITIONS

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah S. Bauer ◽  
Gerald L. Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm

AbstractA standardized bioassay procedure was used to determine median lethal doses (LD50) of the microsporidium, Nosema fumiferanae (Thom.), on newly molted fourth- and fifth-instar eastern spruce budworm larvae (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)). The LD50 for fifth-instar larva was 1.23 × 106 ± 2.82 × 105 spores. The fourth-instar LD50 was 2.23 × 104 ± 4.30 × 103 spores per larva for populations experiencing prolonged post-diapause cold storage or an elevated temperature during diapause and 2.00 × 105 ± 6.66 × 104 spores per larva for populations not experiencing stressful conditions during and after diapause. Median lethal times (LT50) ranged from 6 to 19 days, depending on instar and dose level. Sublethal responses of fourth- and fifth-instar larvae inoculated with serial dilutions of spores were estimated by significant linear models. These regressions were negative for pupal weight and adult longevity and positive for development time (duration of instar VI). Inoculations of newly molted sixth-instar larvae produced similar models, although development time was not significantly affected. Insects reared following stress during and after diapause had consistently longer developmental times. The importance of prolonged developmental time on disease expression and insect susceptibility is discussed.

STUDIES ON DIPTEROUS PARASITES OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.) (LEPIDOPTERA.TORTRICIDAE): VI. PHOROCERA INCRASSATA SMITH (DIPTERA:TACHINIDAE)

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Coppel
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
First Instar

Phorocera incrassala Smith, which was transferred from Western to Eastern Canada for release against the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), deposits microtype eggs on leaves, which are later ingested by the host. Eggs hatch immediately after ingestion, but the parasite does not develop beyond the first instar until the host pupates. The larva then develops rapidly, matures in 10 days, and forms its puparium within the host pupal case. The adult emerges in 12 to 14 days. No information is available on the overwintering habits. Among the important characters for identifying the immature stages of P. incrassala are the buccopharyngeal apparatus and the anterior and posterior spiracles.

Interaction of Apanteles fumiferanae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Nosema fumiferanae (Microsporidia) parasitizing spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 2047-2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Nealis ◽  
S. M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Larval Female ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Larval Parasites

The relationship between a braconid parasitoid, Apanteles fumiferanae, and a microsporidian pathogen, Nosema fumiferanae, two larval parasites frequently coincident in the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, was examined in the laboratory. When Apanteles was reared in spruce budworm infected with high levels of Nosema (i.e., more than 20 × 106 spores/mg dry weight), there was a slight reduction in the within-host rate of development of larval female Apanteles, but survival, within-cocoon rate of development, cocoon weight, and adult longevity were not affected. There was no evidence that any stage of Apanteles was infected with spores of Nosema. A few adult female parasitoids were found to carry spores of Nosema on their integuments but it is unlikely that Apanteles is an important vector of the microsporidian. We conclude that these natural enemies of budworm do not interact significantly in their common host. The implications for population dynamics of the spruce budworm and mass rearing of Apanteles are discussed.

A dosing technique and the effects of sub-lethal doses of Nosema fumiferanae (Microsporida) on its host the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana

Parasitology ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Spore Concentration ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Longevity ◽  
Living Adult ◽  
Lethal Doses ◽  
Significant Mortality

SummaryVarious dosages of the microsporidian parasite, Nosema fumiferanae were fed to 12-day-old larvae of Choristoneura fumiferana using a previously undescribed bioassay capsule. A spore dose of 3 × 104 resulted in 92% infection and a significant reduction in pupal weights, adult female longevity and a mean spore concentration of 1·5 × 107/living adult. Significant mortality (68%, combined larvae and pupae) did not occur until larvae ingested 3 × 107 spores; this dose produced a mean of 1·8 × 107 spores in dead larvae and 3·6 × 107 and 4·6 × 107 spores in dead male and female pupae respectively.

SUSCEPTIBILITY OF EARLY INSTARS OF SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) TO HETERORHABDITIS HELIOTHIDIS (NEMATODA: RHABDITIDAE)

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-287
Author(s):  
Jean R. Finney ◽  
Gordon F. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Cryptic Habitats ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Finney et al. (1982) reported on the susceptibility of the 4th to 6th larval instars and pupae of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) to Heterorhabditis heliothidis (Khan, Brooks and Hirschmann). This report describes the susceptibility of the first three larval instars to the nematode. First-instar larvae search for suitable sites where they spin hibernacula in which they molt and overwinter as second-instar larvae. Most third-instar larvae burrow within the balsam fir buds. All these stages occupy cryptic habitats to which delivery of chemical pesticides is a problem. Rhabditid nematodes, which can actively seek out a target insect, may prove a more useful control agent under these circumstances.

The effects of feeding microsporidian (Nosema fumiferanae) spores to naturally infected spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana)

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Pupal Mortality

Infection of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, in nature by Nosema fumiferanae has an adverse effect on the host. Larval and pupal mortality are increased, while female pupal weights, adult longevity, and fecundity are significantly reduced by feeding additional microsporidian spores to naturally infected spruce budworm.

Detrimental effects of feeding Pleistophora schubergi (Microsporida) to spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) naturally infected with Nosema fumiferanae

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Adult Longevity

Spores of the microsporidian Pleistophora schubergi Zwölfer were fed to spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), naturally infected with Nosema fumiferanae (Thorn.). Larval mortality increased while female pupal weights, adult longevity, and fecundity were significantly reduced by feeding P. schubergi spores. High spore concentrations (5 × 108 spores) and inoculation as second-instar larvae produced the most detrimental effects.

A GEOGRAPHICAL CLINE IN EGG WEIGHTS IN CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN POPULATION DYNAMICS

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 1103-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe mean weights of the initial eggs (Ei) of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), vary within and between populations. Measurements of collections from across the range of this species reveal the presence of a cline directly related to latitude and longitude of the collection source. Collection mean Ei values range from 0.219 mg in the northwest to 0.157 mg in the southeast. A similar cline, also related to latitude but negative in slope, is demonstrated for the number of eggs per unit pupal weight. This cline also finds expression in changing slope of fecundity/pupal weight regressions. The cline in egg weight appears to be an adaptation to winter conditions across the range of this insect and should be considered in population dynamics.

Desiccation resistance in pre-diapause, diapause and post-diapause larvae of Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 321-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
É Bauce ◽  
E. Han
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Desiccation Resistance ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Almost All

AbstractDesiccation resistance was examined in pre-diapause, diapause and post-diapause larvae of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), in terms of passive water evaporation under three desiccation conditions: freeze-drying, desiccant-drying at 2°C and desiccant-drying 18°C. Diapausing second instar larvae and post-diapause non-feeding second instar larvae showed strongest desiccation resistance: a significant amount of water was retained after repeated drying under desiccating conditions, while pre-diapause first instar larvae and post-diapause feeding instar larvae lost almost all their water content after one or two drying cycles. A hibernaculum covering had no effect on water evaporation. While dead larvae tended to lose significantly more water than their living counterparts, particularly among first instar larvae, such an impact much weaker among diapausing second instar larvae. Desiccation resistance was lost when post-diapause second instar larvae were allowed access to water while the level of desiccation resistance was maintained or enhanced when the larvae did not have access to water. These results are discussed the context of overwintering ecology of the species and possible mechanisms for the desiccation resistance are also discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document