A SIMPLE METHOD FOR REARING PURE POPULATIONS OF THE FOLIAR NEMATODE, APHELENCHOIDES RITZEMABOSI, IN THE LABORATORY

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 707-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Sanwal
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Foliar Nematode ◽  
Aphelenchoides Ritzemabosi

A direct infestation method as a means of rearing pure populations of A phelenchoides ritzemabosi is described. A mature female is placed directly on the ventral surface of the leaf on a tiny droplet or a thin film of water. Reproduction takes place after successful entry of the nematode into the leaf tissue. The progeny of this female is then transferred to new leaves and the procedure is continued. Methods of maintaining high humidity around the leaves are described. The use of 'mist propagation frames' to enhance the spread of disease in greenhouse beds is recommended.

Comparative urogenital morphology and external sex determination in muskellunge, Esox masquinongy Mitchill

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1053-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Lebeau ◽  
Gérard Pageau
Keyword(s):  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Northern Pike ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Esox Masquinongy ◽  
Secondary Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Spawning Behaviour ◽  
Accurate Indicator ◽  
Secondary Sexual

Primary and secondary sexual characteristics in northern pike, Esox lucius Linneaus, and muskellunge, Esox masquinongy Mitchill, differ markedly. Differences in the internal urogenital anatomy include the structure of the genital ducts and the angle they form with the ventral surface. Externally, the genital and urinary ducts open directly to the environment in northern pike, whereas in muskellunge they open into a muscular papilla and then through a urogenital pore. Differences in sexual dimorphism between the two closely related esocids constitute a structural basis to explain the known differences in spawning behaviour and reproductive success. Differences in secondary sexual characteristics explain why the methods developed by Demchenko or Casselman to externally sex pike are inapplicable to muskellunge. To develop and test two external sexing techniques for muskellunge, specimens were collected from two regions in Canada from 1980 to 1987. Examination of reproductive products obtained from stripping provided an accurate indicator of sex and sexual maturity, but demonstrated serious limitations. A simple method to sex muskellunge by examination of the external urogenital morphology is described for juveniles and adults. Dissection of fish revealed that with the urogenital examination technique we sexed juveniles with a success rate of 92–98%, and adults with 100% accuracy.

Solvent vapor assisted spin-coating: A simple method to directly achieve high mobility from P3HT based thin film transistors

2013 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Chang ◽  
Pengyue Wang ◽  
Haidong Li ◽  
Jidong Zhang ◽  
Donghang Yan
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Thin Film Transistors ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Solvent Vapor

Stabilizing black-phase formamidinium perovskite formation at room temperature and high humidity

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 371 (6536) ◽  
pp. 1359-1364
Author(s):  
Wei Hui ◽  
Lingfeng Chao ◽  
Hui Lu ◽  
Fei Xia ◽  
Qi Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Vertically Aligned ◽  
Grown Structure

The stabilization of black-phase formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI3) perovskite under various environmental conditions is considered necessary for solar cells. However, challenges remain regarding the temperature sensitivity of α-FAPbI3 and the requirements for strict humidity control in its processing. Here we report the synthesis of stable α-FAPbI3, regardless of humidity and temperature, based on a vertically aligned lead iodide thin film grown from an ionic liquid, methylamine formate. The vertically grown structure has numerous nanometer-scale ion channels that facilitate the permeation of formamidinium iodide into the lead iodide thin films for fast and robust transformation to α-FAPbI3. A solar cell with a power-conversion efficiency of 24.1% was achieved. The unencapsulated cells retain 80 and 90% of their initial efficiencies for 500 hours at 85°C and continuous light stress, respectively.

scholarly journals A Very Simple Method for Quickly Making Large Numbers of Measurements on Micrographs

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Ron Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Ceramic Substrate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Particle ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Plan View ◽  
Large Computer

It has been in the back of my mind to write this up for MT since I retired from a certain large computer company. Inasmuch as Paul's article above is a perfect lead-in, there is no time like the present. Our lab supported a semiconductor integrated circuit and a ceramic substrate manufacturing facility. We were continually required to measure circuit line widths on plan-view specimens and layer thicknesses on cross-section specimens for both semiconductor and ceramic substrate specimens and we were often asked to determine thin film grain size and ceramic raw material particle size data. A large number of measurements were required for each specimen to guarantee statistically sound data. We had image analysis software available that we used whenever we could, but often found that measuring things on a system using grey-level image analysis as input simply did not work. This is especially true for thin film grain size determination when using diffraction contrast TEM images for input.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of the Chrysanthemum Foliar Nematode, Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi (Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e0166877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Xiang ◽  
Dong-Wei Wang ◽  
Jun-Yi Li ◽  
Hui Xie ◽  
Chun-Ling Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Foliar Nematode ◽  
Aphelenchoides Ritzemabosi

Thermochromic VO2 Thin Film Prepared by Post Annealing Treatment of V2O5 Thin Film

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 747-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Qing Liu ◽  
Wen Wei Zheng ◽  
Hai Feng Cheng ◽  
Hai Tao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Phase Transition ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Post Annealing ◽  
Vo2 Thin Films

Thermochromic vanadium dioxide (VO2) exhibits a semi-conducting to metallic phase transition at about 68°C, involving strong variations in electrical and optical properties. A simple method was proposed to prepare VO2 thin films from easily gained V2O5 thin films. The detailed thermodynamic calculation was done and the results show that V2O5 will decompose to VO2 when the post annealing temperature reaches 550°C at the atmospheric pressure of less than 0.06Pa. The initial V2O5 films were prepared by sol-gel method on fused-quartz substrates. Different post annealing conditions were studied. The derived VO2 thin film samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrical resistance and infrared emissivity of VO2 thin films under different temperatures were measured. The results show that the VO2 thin film derived from the V2O5 thin film annealed at 550°C for 10 hours is pure dioxide of vanadium without other valences. It was observed that the resistance of VO2 thin film with thickness about 600nm can change by 4 orders of magnitude and the 7.5-14μm emissivity can change by 0.6 during the phase transition.

Remarkable durability improvement under high humidity of Ag thin film where an Al or Ti nanolayer was deposited onto the surface

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 065502
Author(s):  
Eita Kudo ◽  
Midori Kawamura ◽  
Takayuki Kiba ◽  
Yoshio Abe ◽  
Kyung Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Ti Nanolayer

scholarly journals Secrets revealed — Spatially selective wetting of plasma-patterned periodic mesoporous organosilica

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 1063-1068
Author(s):  
Wendong Wang ◽  
Ian B. Burgess ◽  
Benjamin D. Hatton ◽  
Jack Alvarenga ◽  
Joanna Aizenberg
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Oxygen Plasma ◽  
Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Wetting Properties ◽  
Mesoporous Organosilica ◽  
Selective Wetting

We report a simple method to pattern wetting properties on thin films of periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO). A hydrophobic methane PMO thin film was covered by masks and exposed to oxygen plasma to make the unmasked area hydrophilic. The wettability patterns could be revealed only when the films were immersed in water or exposed to moisture. We expect that our method would extend the utility of PMO to such areas as sensing and information security.

A Novel Sol–Gel Thin-Film Constant Phase Sensor for High Humidity Measurement in the Range of 50%–100% RH

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 2370-2376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarikul Islam ◽  
Zia Ur Rahman ◽  
Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Humidity Measurement ◽  
Phase Sensor

A SIMPLE MODEL FOR OBTAINING OPTICAL CONSTANTS OF POROUS SILICON

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (17n19) ◽  
pp. 745-748
Author(s):  
JAIME TORRES ◽  
JAIRO GIRALDO
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Optical Constants ◽  
Normal Incidence ◽  
Sample Thickness ◽  
Infinite Dimensions ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Harmonic Oscillator Model

A simple method is proposed to calculate optical constants from porous silicon (PS) thin films, out of the simulation of normal incidence reflection spectrums. In the optical system used in this model, PS one considers as a homogeneous uniform thin film when deposited upon a substrate with semi-infinite dimensions. The PS and Substrate refractive indexes are obtained using the Simple Harmonic Oscillator Model, proposed by Wemple and DiDomenico. In addition, the absorption coefficient and sample thickness are also be obtained. The model to calculate the optical constants of some samples prepared at different anodisation times is used.

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