Stabilizing black-phase formamidinium perovskite formation at room temperature and high humidity

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 371 (6536) ◽  
pp. 1359-1364
Author(s):  
Wei Hui ◽  
Lingfeng Chao ◽  
Hui Lu ◽  
Fei Xia ◽  
Qi Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Vertically Aligned ◽  
Grown Structure

The stabilization of black-phase formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI3) perovskite under various environmental conditions is considered necessary for solar cells. However, challenges remain regarding the temperature sensitivity of α-FAPbI3 and the requirements for strict humidity control in its processing. Here we report the synthesis of stable α-FAPbI3, regardless of humidity and temperature, based on a vertically aligned lead iodide thin film grown from an ionic liquid, methylamine formate. The vertically grown structure has numerous nanometer-scale ion channels that facilitate the permeation of formamidinium iodide into the lead iodide thin films for fast and robust transformation to α-FAPbI3. A solar cell with a power-conversion efficiency of 24.1% was achieved. The unencapsulated cells retain 80 and 90% of their initial efficiencies for 500 hours at 85°C and continuous light stress, respectively.

Structural Properties of PbI2 Thin Film

2014 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safaa I. Mohammed ◽  
Naser Mahmoud Ahmed ◽  
Y. Al-Douri ◽  
U. Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Thermal Evaporation ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Thermal Evaporation Method ◽  
Growth Orientation

Lead iodide (PbI2) thin films were successfully prepared by thermal evaporation method on a glass substrate at room temperature. The structural analysis of these films was done by XRD. The results revealed that the crystallite size increases when increasing the film thickness and annealing temperature. In addition, the preferred growth orientation was 001 for all the samples.

scholarly journals High-performance Wide Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated in Ambient High-Humidity Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugur Deneb Menda ◽  
Guilherme Ribeiro ◽  
Daniela Nunes ◽  
Tomás Calmeiro ◽  
Hugo Águas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Wide Bandgap ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Halide Perovskite ◽  
Lead Halide

Lead-halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are currently the most promising emergent thin-film photovoltaic technology, having already reached power conversion efficiency (PCE) levels of state-of-the-art wafer-based silicon cells. The class of...

Nanometer-scale crystallinity in In–Ga–Zn-oxide thin film deposited at room temperature observed by nanobeam electron diffraction

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 115501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nao Sorida ◽  
Masahiro Takahashi ◽  
Koji Dairiki ◽  
Shunpei Yamazaki ◽  
Noboru Kimizuka
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Oxide Thin Film ◽  
Nanometer Scale

scholarly journals Perovskite Thin Film Materials Stabilized and Enhanced by Zinc(II) Doping

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kooijman ◽  
Muscarella ◽  
Williams
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Organic Cation ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Luminescent Properties ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Undoped Material ◽  
Perovskite Materials ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Enhancement Factors

Recent work of ten different groups shows that the application of zinc-halides in lead perovskite materials results in a contraction of the d-space, stronger interaction with the organic cation, improved crystallization with larger crystal domains, a Goldschmidt factor closer to unity, smoother and denser thin films and an even distribution of Zn(II) (at the Pb(II) sites) throughout the material. These combined effects may lead to: (1) a substantially higher stability (even at ambient or high humidity conditions); (2) enhanced luminescent properties; (3) a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the corresponding solar cell devices (up to PCE ~20%, with enhancement factors of 1.07 to 1.33 relative to undoped material).

Connected AZO Nanorods for Sensitivity Enhancement of Chemical Sensors at Room Temperature

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Zingway Pei
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Chemical Sensors ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Solution Process ◽  
Xps Characterization ◽  
High Layer ◽  
Vertically Aligned

In this work, the vertically aligned, high conductive Al-doped ZnO nanorod thin film was prepared by multi-layers grown method in solution process .This method of connected nanorod structure is unique of its kind compared with existing hydrothermal process for preparing nanorod. The diameter of AZO nanorod is around 14~16nm with [002] preferred orientation. The Hall measurement indicates the AZO nanorod exhibits high layer conductivity of 280 S/cm. The XPS characterization indicates that the AZO nanorod annealed in forming gas contain high percentage of non-binding oxygens that is suitable for sensor application. The sensing performances of the synthesized nanorod thin film towards the detection of oxidizing agents were analyzed by the current (I)–voltage (V) characteristics in room temperature. With high surface area, the AZO shows sensitivity of 72%, 1660%, and 4.34 x106 % for H2O2, ethanolamine and acetic acid, respectively. 1.02 μM (S/N=3) is the detection limit with broad range of 0.015mM to 29mM is demonstrated for sensing H2O2.

Cation exchange for thin film lead iodide perovskite interconversion

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giles E. Eperon ◽  
Clara E. Beck ◽  
Henry J. Snaith
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Organic Cation ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Cation Mobility ◽  
Methylammonium Lead Iodide

We demonstrate that we can convert hybrid perovskites between methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) and formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) by immersion in solutions of MA or FA iodide at room temperature. The cations diffuse uniformly throughout the bulk films, forming an alloy rather than a bi-layer. Furthermore, this demonstrates good organic cation mobility in these materials.

Studies on Water in the Hydration Chamber of a Modified Electron Microscope

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 544-545
Author(s):  
R. C. Moretz ◽  
G. G. Hausner ◽  
D. F. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Small Mass ◽  
Equilibrium Pressure ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Mechanical Pump ◽  
Differential Pumping

Use of the electron microscope to examine wet objects is possible due to the small mass thickness of the equilibrium pressure of water vapor at room temperature. Previous attempts to examine hydrated biological objects and water itself used a chamber consisting of two small apertures sealed by two thin films. Extensive work in our laboratory showed that such films have an 80% failure rate when wet. Using the principle of differential pumping of the microscope column, we can use open apertures in place of thin film windows.Fig. 1 shows the modified Siemens la specimen chamber with the connections to the water supply and the auxiliary pumping station. A mechanical pump is connected to the vapor supply via a 100μ aperture to maintain steady-state conditions.

Warm and freeze-fracture of cotton seed radicles

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 984-985
Author(s):  
E. L. Vigil ◽  
E. F. Erbe
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Fracture Plane ◽  
Cotton Seeds ◽  
Condensed Water

In cotton seeds the radicle has 12% moisture content which makes it possible to prepare freeze-fracture replicas without fixation or cryoprotection. For this study we have examined replicas of unfixed radicle tissue fractured at room temperature to obtain data on organelle and membrane structure.Excised radicles from seeds of cotton (Gossyplum hirsutum L. M-8) were fractured at room temperature along the longitudinal axis. The fracture was initiated by spliting the basal end of the excised radicle with a razor. This procedure produced a fracture through the tissue along an unknown fracture plane. The warm fractured radicle halves were placed on a thin film of 100% glycerol on a flat brass cap with fracture surface up. The cap was rapidly plunged into liquid nitrogen and transferred to a freeze- etch unit. The sample was etched for 3 min at -95°C to remove any condensed water vapor and then cooled to -150°C for platinum/carbon evaporation.

Novel vertically aligned nanocomposite of Bi2WO6-Co3O4 with room-temperature multiferroic and anisotropic optical response

Nano Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigang Li ◽  
Shikhar Misra ◽  
Xingyao Gao ◽  
Juncheng Liu ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Optical Response ◽  
Vertically Aligned
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