A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON DIGESTIVE ENZYMES OF HERMODICE CARUNCULATA

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Rattenbury Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Posterior Intestine ◽  
Digestive Function ◽  
Hermodice Carunculata ◽  
Fish Flesh ◽  
Anterior Intestine

Extracts of the various regions of the digestive tract of Hermodice carunculata (Amphinomidae;Polychaeta) were tested for the digestion of olive oil, gelatin, fish flesh, and starch and for the production of glucose. The buccal region was found to lack amylytic enzymes. The pharynx, oesophagus, and anterior intestine produce all three categories of enzyme, lipase, protease, and amylase. The posterior intestine lacks a lipase. The probable digestive function of each region of the digestive tract is discussed as well as the significance of the dark tracts on the mid-ventral body wall and mid-dorsal pharyngeal lining.

THE COELOMOCYTES OF HERMODICE CARUNCULATA (POLYCHAETA: AMPHINOMIDAE) IN RELATION TO DIGESTION AND EXCRETION

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Rattenbury Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Buccal Cavity ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
The Body ◽  
Posterior Intestine ◽  
Hermodice Carunculata ◽  
Intracellular Digestion ◽  
Anterior Intestine ◽  
Food Digestion

In Hermodice carunculata the anterior intestine is the part of the gut most active in the digestion of food. Digestion involves secretion by two types of cell and probably also intracellular digestion by invading coelomocytes. Amoebocytic cells appear to be active in the absorption of food in both the anterior and posterior intestine. Disposal of particulate waste also concerns amoebocytic cells which accumulate materials in a band along the midventral line of the body wall and in the middorsal line of the eversible buccal cavity and pharynx. From these bands small masses of particulate material are periodically shed.

scholarly journals Morphohistology of the Digestive Tract of the Damsel FishStegastes fuscus(Osteichthyes: Pomacentridae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhaskara Canan ◽  
Wallace Silva do Nascimento ◽  
Naisandra Bezerra da Silva ◽  
Sathyabama Chellappa
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Transition Region ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Muscular Layer ◽  
Pyloric Caeca ◽  
Anterior Intestine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tidal Pools

This study investigated the morphohistology of the digestive tract and the mean intestinal coefficient of the damsel fishStegastes fuscuscaptured from the tidal pools of Northeastern Brazil. The wall of the digestive tract ofS. fuscusis composed of the tunica mucosa, tunica muscularis, and tunica serosa. The esophagus is short with sphincter and thick distensible wall with longitudinally folded mucosa. Mucous glands are predominant, and the muscular layer of the esophagus presented striated fibers all along its extension. The transition region close to the stomach shows plain and striated muscular fibers. Between the stomach and intestine, there are three pyloric caeca. The intestine is long and thin with four folds around the stomach. The anterior intestine presents folds similar to those of pyloric caeca. The estimated mean intestinal coefficient and characteristics of the digestive system ofS. fuscuspresent morphological adequacy for both herbivorous and omnivorous feeding habits.

scholarly journals Dietary soybean meal on growth and intestinal morphology of South American catfish, Rhamdia quelen, larvae

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1662-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Roque Hernández ◽  
Juan José Santinón ◽  
Sebastián Sánchez ◽  
Hugo Alberto Domitrovic
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
South American ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Posterior Intestine ◽  
Rhamdia Quelen ◽  
Anterior Intestine ◽  
Morphology Parameters

The effects of the replacement of bread yeast by soybean meal in diets for Rhamdia quelen larvae on growth, survival, and intestinal morphology were analysed. Larvae were fed for 20 days with five diets: a control diet formulated with 57% of bread yeast, and other four diets in which soybean meal at concentrations of 14.25, 28.5, 42.75 and 57% was added to obtain 25, 50, 75 and 100% of bread yeast replacement. Growth and survival parameters were negatively affected by dietary soybean meal inclusion. Larvae fed control diet showed significantly higher mean weight, specific growth rate, final biomass, and survival rate than larvae from other treatments. Enterocyte height and fold width of the posterior intestine showed highest values in the control group, and an inverse linear relationship with the level of dietary soybean meal inclusion was observed, however, in the anterior intestine the morphology parameters were not affected by the diet. These results indicate that inclusion of soybean meal in diets for R. quelen larvae negatively affects growth and survival, as well as the capacity for digestion and absorption of nutrients, mainly in the posterior intestine.

Histochemistry of the Bucco-Oesophageal Glands of Mytilus Edulis: The Importance of Mucus in Ingestion

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Beninger ◽  
Marcel Le Pennec
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Digestive Function ◽  
Acid Mucopolysaccharides ◽  
Secretory Gland ◽  
Particle Ingestion

Histochemical techniques were used to investigate the possible role of the buccooesophageal glands in the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis L. (Mollusca: Bivalvia). No activity was observed for any of the eight major digestive enzymes tested; however, the glands contained large amounts of both neutral and acid mucopolysaccharides. These results confirm the importance of mucus in the ingestive process in M. edulis, and do not support the hypothesis of ingestion of particles suspended in water alone.Until recently it was thought that the Bivalvia were the only class of molluscs in which some type of secretory gland of extracellular digestive function in the bucco-oesophageal region was totally absent (Table 1). However, in a study of the mode of particle ingestion in five species of suspension-feeding bivalves, an extensive glandular complex was reported in the bucco-oesophageal region of Mytilus edulis L. only (Beninger et al., 1991). Although these glands were observed to liberate secretions into the oesophageal lumen, it was not known whether they performed any digestive function.

Neurotensin stimulates growth of small intestine in rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (6) ◽  
pp. G813-G817 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Wood ◽  
H. D. Hoang ◽  
L. J. Bussjaeger ◽  
T. E. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Equal Length ◽  
Pancreatic Growth ◽  
Proximal Small Intestine

Neurotensin has many actions on digestive tract motility and secretion and stimulates pancreatic growth. We examined effects of chronic administration of neurotensin on growth of small intestine and colon. Four groups of 10 rats were injected with saline or neurotensin (33, 100, or 300 micrograms/kg) every 8 h for 5 days. The small intestine was divided into four segments of equal length, weighed, and assayed for DNA, protein, and brush-border digestive enzymes. The colon was weighed and assayed for DNA and protein. Neurotensin caused dose-related increases in growth of small intestine; at the highest dose, similar increases in weight (12-20%), DNA (23-35%), and protein content (33-39%) occurred in each segment of small intestine. Maltase, sucrase, and leucine aminopeptidase (but not lactase) contents were also significantly increased after neurotensin, but the largest effects were seen in the proximal small intestine. Neurotensin had no effect on weight, DNA, or protein content of the colon. These results suggest a role for neurotensin in regulating growth of small intestine.

Diet and cancer in Mediterranean countries: carbohydrates and fats

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (9A) ◽  
pp. 1595-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Bosetti ◽  
Claudio Pelucchi ◽  
Carlo La Vecchia
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mediterranean

AbstractObjectiveSeveral aspects of the diet characteristic of the Mediterranean countries are considered favourable not only on cardiovascular disease, but also on cancer risk. We considered some aspects of the Mediterranean diet (including, in particular, the consumption of olive oil and carbohydrates) on cancer risk.Design, Setting and SubjectsData were derived from a series of case-control studies, conducted in Italy since the early 1990s, on over 10 000 cases of thirteen cancer sites and over 17 000 controls.ResultsOlive oil, and other mono- and unsaturated fats, appear to be favourable indicators of breast, ovarian, colorectal, but mostly of upper aero-digestive tract cancers. Whole grain foods are also related to reduced risk of upper aero-digestive tract and various other cancers. In contrast, refined grain intake and, consequently, glycaemic index and glycaemic load were associated to increased risk for several cancer sites. Fish, and hence a diet rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, tended to be another favourable diet indicator, while frequent red meat intake was directly related to some common neoplasms. An a priori defined Mediterranean diet score was inversely related to upper digestive and respiratory tract cancers.ConclusionsThese data provide additional evidence that major characteristics of the Mediterranean diet favourably affect cancer risk.

Guanylin peptides regulate electrolyte and fluid transport in the Gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) posterior intestine

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (9) ◽  
pp. R1167-R1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilan M. Ruhr ◽  
Charlotte Bodinier ◽  
Edward M. Mager ◽  
Andrew J. Esbaugh ◽  
Cameron Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Secretory Response ◽  
Seawater Adaptation ◽  
Posterior Intestine ◽  
Ussing Chambers ◽  
Opsanus Beta ◽  
Anterior Intestine ◽  
Gulf Toadfish

The physiological effects of guanylin (GN) and uroguanylin (UGN) on fluid and electrolyte transport in the teleost fish intestine have yet to be thoroughly investigated. In the present study, the effects of GN, UGN, and renoguanylin (RGN; a GN and UGN homolog) on short-circuit current ( Isc) and the transport of Cl−, Na+, bicarbonate (HCO3−), and fluid in the Gulf toadfish ( Opsanus beta) intestine were determined using Ussing chambers, pH-stat titration, and intestinal sac experiments. GN, UGN, and RGN reversed the Isc of the posterior intestine (absorptive-to-secretory), but not of the anterior intestine. RGN decreased baseline HCO3− secretion, but increased Cl− and fluid secretion in the posterior intestine. The secretory response of the posterior intestine coincides with the presence of basolateral NKCC1 and apical cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), the latter of which is lacking in the anterior intestine and is not permeable to HCO3− in the posterior intestine. However, the response to RGN by the posterior intestine is counterintuitive given the known role of the marine teleost intestine as a salt- and water-absorbing organ. These data demonstrate that marine teleosts possess a tissue-specific secretory response, apparently associated with seawater adaptation, the exact role of which remains to be determined.

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