The effect of arginine vasotocin on the isolated amniotic membrane of the guinea pig

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Vizsolyi ◽  
A. M. Perks
Keyword(s):  
Average Rate ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Arginine Vasotocin ◽  
Maternal Environment ◽  
Amniotic Cavity ◽  
Net Uptake ◽  
Fetal Urine ◽  
Amniotic Membranes ◽  
Synthetic Oxytocin

Amniotic membranes from fetal guinea pigs at 0.46 of term were maintained in vitro by means of salines which reproduced the electrolytes of the natural fluids, and. which maintained small osmotic and hydrostatic gradients from the fetal to the maternal solutions. Water passed slowly from the fetal to the maternal side (average rate = 3.93 mg/cm2 per minute). Synthetic arginine vasotocin (AVT) at 8–100 vasopressor mU/ml of amniotic saline slowed the fetal–maternal flow, or reversed it to give a net uptake of water into the amniotic saline (maximum reversed flow = 10.4 mg/cm2 per minute). Despite individual variability between membranes, there was a linear relationship between the change in the rate of flow, and the log of the dose of AVT (AVT threshold indicated = 6.4 mU/ml). Synthetic arginine vasopressin (AVP) and fetal pituitary extracts produced similar responses (AVP threshold = about 1.0 mU/ml). Synthetic oxytocin was without effect in doses up to 100 oxytocic mU/ml. Although the doses tested appeared to be pharmacological, evidence is reviewed for a possible physiological significance. It is suggested that amounts of AVT, or more probably AVP, are liberated from the fetal pituitary by osmotic or other stimuli, and pass in the fetal urine into the amniotic cavity; there they act on the amnion to stimulate it to conserve or augment amniotic fluid by transporting water inwards from the maternal environment.

Comparaison des échanges branchiaux de Cl− en eau douce chez Salmo gairdneri in vivo et in vitro sur la tête isolée perfusée

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Payan ◽  
P. Pic ◽  
G. De Renzis
Keyword(s):  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Net Uptake

The Cl− influxes are identical in vivo and in vitro providing that the gills are externally irrigated during the preparation of the isolated head. A net uptake of Cl− is observed. When no irrigation is used the Cl− influx is reduced by 66% and Cl− is lost by the preparation.

Effect of yolk-sac antibody on rat embryos grown in culture

Development ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-553
Author(s):  
D. A. T. New ◽  
R. L. Brent
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Amniotic Cavity ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Rat Embryos ◽  
Visceral Yolk Sac ◽  
Primary Action

Rat embryos, explanted with their embryonic membranes during the early stages of organogenesis ( days gestation), were grown in culture in roller tubes. Yolk-sac antibody (sheep anti rat yolk-sac gamma globulin), known to be teratogenic when injected into pregnant rats, was added to the culture medium. At concentrations of 0·1 mg/ml or more the antibody caused gross retardation of growth and differentiation. Injection of antibody into the amniotic cavity so that it had direct contact with the embryo, or between the amnion and yolk sac so that it was in contact with the mesodermal surface of the yolk sac, had little or no effect on development of the embryo or its membranes. These in vitro experiments indicate that yolk-sac antibody has an effect on development independent of any immunological reaction of the mother, and the primary action is probably on the visceral yolk-sac endoderm.

P13.23 Study of migration characteristics of human glioma cells in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii37-ii38
Author(s):  
G Pavlova ◽  
S Pavlova ◽  
S Drozd ◽  
E Savchenko ◽  
L Zakharova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
Human Glioma ◽  
Human Gliomas ◽  
Migration Activity ◽  
Tumor Invasiveness ◽  
Grade Iii

Abstract BACKGROUND Gliomas are still one of the most aggressive human cancers, and even despite modern therapeutic approaches, the prognosis for patients with this disease is not favorable. It is known that glioma cells are capable of local invasiveness, when glioma cells migrate into healthy brain tissue. A lack of any definite markers, characterizing migrating glioma cells and allowing them to be distinguished from healthy brain cells, requires a thorough investigation. In case it would be possible to characterize invasive glioma cells, then a development of targeted therapy could be feasible. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cell cultures of human gliomas Gr II, III and IV were developed with 5 cultures for each Grade. MTT, RT-PCR, Western and Nosern blot, transcriptome analysis were applied. RESULTS Three cultures of human gliomas had a high degree of migration, within the range of 6% - 14%. These cultures were developed from gliomas of Grade III and Grade IV, and with IDH1- (minus) phenotype. Moreover, cell cultures with IDH1 + (plus) phenotype had a low migration rate within 1%. An intensity of migration correlated with the degree of malignancy, and an average rate decreased with a decrease of the Grade. Moreover, an analysis of the proliferative activity of cell cultures of human gliomas of various degrees of malignancy did not reveal a relationship with a migratory properties of cultures. A number of actively proliferating cultures did not show high migration, while cultures with medium proliferative activity could show a high level of migration. The low level of proliferation of cultures of gliomas of Grade II and I at the beginning of cultivation, in some cases, subsequently increased, but an inherent low migration activity did not change. In actively migrating cultures, a significant decrease in the expression of Sox2 and Nestin is detected. A positive correlation was found between migration abilities of human glioma cell culture cells and the marker Ki67, GFAP, Sox2, and Oct4. The difference was statistically significant by the one-sided Mann-Whitney test. CONCLUSION Conclusions: Cell cultures derived from glioma tumor tissue can be used to predict invasive properties of the tumor. High tumor invasiveness is characteristic for Grade III and Grade IV, and with IDH1- (minus) phenotype, and it also correlates with elevated expression of GFAP, Sox2 and Oct4The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project № 18-29-01012 and by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, grant number 075-15-2020-809 (13.1902.21.0030).

Comparison of VASP-phosphorylation assay to light-transmission aggregometry in assessing inhibition of the platelet ADP P2Y12 receptor

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 767-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Pampuch ◽  
Giovanni de Gaetano ◽  
Chiara Cerletti
Keyword(s):  
Light Transmission ◽  
Platelet Reactivity ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
P2y12 Receptor ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Light Transmission Aggregometry ◽  
Adp Receptor

SummaryThere is need to improve platelet function testing to monitor the response to antiplatelet drugs. We compared flow-cytometric analysis of intraplatelet vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation (VASP-P) to light-transmission aggregometry for the detection of drug-induced in-vitro inhibition of the platelet P2Y12 ADP receptor on 22 healthy subjects (10 males, 12 females, 28.5 ± 6.6 years). The platelet reactivity index (PRI) of VASP was calculated both from mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) and percent of fluorescence-positive platelets in the presence of PGE1 with or without ADP (10 µM). Platelet aggregation was induced by ADP (1.25, 2.5 and 5 µM). Cangrelor, a competitive inhibitor of the P2Y12 receptor, preincubated 5 minutes, induced a concentration-dependent inhibition of platelet ADP-receptor function in both tests. Indeed PRI (%) based on either MFI or percent platelets gated were highly correlated with each other (r = 0.97, p<0.0001) and with aggregation in- duced by ADP. The IC50 of cangrelor against each of the three ADP concentrations used in aggregometry increased from 5.8 ± 3.4 nM to 23.1 ± 4.0 nM and to 98 ± 25 nM, respectively. The IC50 of cangrelor based on VASP-P was within the same range (25.5 ± 7.7 nM). No correlation was observed between IC50 values of cangrelor and ADP concentrations giving 50% effect (EC50) in the absence of the drug. However, at 10 nM cangrelor seven subjects could be identified by the VASP-P assay as “low responders” to the drug (PRI> 50%), and six of them also had an aggregation response to 5 µM ADP > 50%. These six subjects showed the lowest ADP EC50 values in the absence of the drug, possibly reflecting high sensitivity of their platelet P2Y12 receptors to ADP. In conclusion, both the VASP-P assay and light-transmission aggregometry detect in a comparable way in-vitro pharmacological inhibition of the platelet P2Y12 ADP receptor and its individual variability.

scholarly journals Identification of Catalposide Metabolites in Human Liver and Intestinal Preparations and Characterization of the Relevant Sulfotransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and Carboxylesterase Enzymes

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deok-Kyu Hwang ◽  
Ju-Hyun Kim ◽  
Yongho Shin ◽  
Won-Gu Choi ◽  
Sunjoo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Liver ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Catalpa Ovata ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Extrahepatic Tissues ◽  
Udp Glucuronosyltransferase ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Catalposide, an active component of Veronica species such as Catalpa ovata and Pseudolysimachion lingifolium, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antinociceptic, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, and cytostatic activities. We characterized the in vitro metabolic pathways of catalposide to predict its pharmacokinetics. Catalposide was metabolized to catalposide sulfate (M1), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (M2), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid glucuronide (M3), and catalposide glucuronide (M4) by human hepatocytes, liver S9 fractions, and intestinal microsomes. M1 formation from catalposide was catalyzed by sulfotransferases (SULTs) 1C4, SULT1A1*1, SULT1A1*2, and SULT1E1. Catalposide glucuronidation to M4 was catalyzed by gastrointestine-specific UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) 1A8 and UGT1A10; M4 was not detected after incubation of catalposide with human liver preparations. Hydrolysis of catalposide to M2 was catalyzed by carboxylesterases (CESs) 1 and 2, and M2 was further metabolized to M3 by UGT1A6 and UGT1A9 enzymes. Catalposide was also metabolized in extrahepatic tissues; genetic polymorphisms of the carboxylesterase (CES), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), and sulfotransferase (SULT) enzymes responsible for catalposide metabolism may cause inter-individual variability in terms of catalposide pharmacokinetics.

scholarly journals Leaf photosynthetic function duration during yield formation of large-spike wheat in rainfed cropping systems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifang Wang ◽  
Jutao Sun ◽  
Chenyang Wang ◽  
Zhouping Shangguan
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Large Spike ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Yield Formation

Improving photosynthetic capacity significantly affects the yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in rainfed regions. In this study, the physiological characteristics of eight large-spike wheat lines were compared with a multiple-spike cultivar as a control (CK) in a field over two consecutive seasons: 2010–2012. The tillering peak was 7–21 d after returning green for line 2040, the average rate of decline of relative water content was slower, and the average duration time of photosynthetic rate was longer than CK in vitro. There was a strong linear and positive correlation between photosynthetic rate and root activity at jointing, flowering, and grain-filling stages. In addition, average yields were higher in large-spike lines than CK (multiple-spike cultivar). The results suggest that large-spike lines might have greater water retaining capacity during yield formation under rainfed conditions.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Methane Oxidation in High-Arctic Alaskan Peatlands as a Significant Control on Net CH4 Fluxes

Soil Systems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley Miller ◽  
Chun-Ta Lai ◽  
Randy Dahlgren ◽  
David Lipson
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Reaction Rate Constant ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Shallow Soils

Terrestrial consumption of the potent greenhouse gas methane (CH4) is a critical aspect of the future climate, as CH4 concentrations in the atmosphere are projected to play an increasingly important role in global climate forcing. Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) has only recently been considered a relevant control on methane fluxes from terrestrial systems. We performed in vitro anoxic incubations of intact peat from Utqiaġvik (Barrow), Alaska using stable isotope tracers. Our results showed an average potential AOM rate of 15.0 nmol cm3 h−1, surpassing the average rate of gross CH4 production (6.0 nmol cm3 h−1). AOM and CH4 production rates were positively correlated. While CH4 production was insensitive to additions of Fe(III), there was a depth:Fe(III) interaction in the kinetic reaction rate constant for AOM, suggestive of stimulation by Fe(III), particularly in shallow soils (<10 cm). We estimate AOM would consume 25–34% of CH4 produced under ambient conditions. Soil genetic surveys showed phylogenetic links between soil microbes and known anaerobic methanotrophs in ANME groups 2 and 3. These results suggest a prevalent role of AOM to net CH4 fluxes from Arctic peatland ecosystems, and a probable link with Fe(III)-reduction.

scholarly journals Polyphenols in human nutrition: from the in vitro antioxidant capacity to the beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health and related inter-individual variability – an overview and perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ruskovska ◽  
V. Maksimova ◽  
D. Milenkovic
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Free Radical Scavengers ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Beneficial Effects

AbstractOxidative damage of cells and tissues is broadly implicated in human pathophysiology, including cardiometabolic diseases. Polyphenols, as important constituents of the human diet and potent in vitro free radical scavengers, have been extensively studied for their beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health. However, it has been demonstrated that the in vivo antioxidant activity of polyphenols is distinct from their in vitro free radical-scavenging capacity. Indeed, bioavailability of nutritional polyphenols is low and conditioned by complex mechanisms of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. Nowadays, it is commonly accepted that the cellular antioxidant activity of polyphenols is mainly carried out via modification of transcription of genes involved in antioxidant defence. Importantly, polyphenols also contribute to cardiometabolic health by modulation of a plethora of cellular processes that are not directly associated with antioxidant enzymes, through nutri(epi)genomic mechanisms. Numerous human intervention studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of polyphenols on the key cardiometabolic risk factors. However, inconsistency of the results of some studies led to identification of the inter-individual variability in response to consumption of polyphenols. In perspective, a detailed investigation of the determinants of this inter-individual variability will potentially lead us towards personalised dietary recommendations. The phenomenon of inter-individual variability is also of relevance for supplementation with antioxidant (pro)vitamins.

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