Reproductive correlates of the hip gland in voles (Microtus townsendii)

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. MacIsaac
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Condition ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Marking Behaviour ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Microtus Townsendii

The behaviour of hip glands, as gauged by gland length, in Microtus townsendii is shown to be highly correlated with reproductive condition in both males and females. Breeding voles of both sexes are shown to have larger hip glands than nonbreeding voles. It was shown that the hip glands of male Microtus townsendii are under androgen control. The first known observations of marking behaviour in M. townsendii are described.

Patterns of Unhealthy Eating Behaviours in a Middle Aged Scottish Population

1992 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Abel ◽  
D.V. McQueen ◽  
K Backen ◽  
C. Currie
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Scottish Population ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Nutrition Habits

This paper examines unhealthy eating in a middle aged Scottish population. Data from a 1989 survey of 5 00 Scottish men and women aged 45 to 59 years are used to explore inter-relations among five items of unhealthy eating, smoking and alcohol consumption. The results show that unhealthy eating behaviours are highly correlated, indicating strong links among certain nutrition habits. The findings also reveal that such patterns of unhealthy eating vary considerably between males and females. Finally, unhealthy eating behaviours were also found to be significantly associated with smoking and alcohol consumption. Implications of these findings for future research in epidemiology and health promotion are considered.

SCENT MARKING IN MEADOW VOLES AND PRAIRIE VOLES: A TEST OF THREE HYPOTHESES

Behaviour ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 138 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1319-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.G. Mech ◽  
M.H. Ferkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Response ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Scent Marking ◽  
Scent Mark ◽  
Scent Marks ◽  
Prairie Voles ◽  
Meadow Voles ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Marking Behaviour

AbstractMost terrestrial mammals deposit scent marks to communicate with conspecifics. We examined the scent marking behaviour of meadow voles and prairie voles, species with different mating systems and social organizations, to determine whether voles scent mark according to the 'targeting' response, the 'avoidance' response, or the 'shotgun' response. The targeting response occurs when the second scent donor deposits more of its scent marks in an area marked by the first scent donor than in an unscented area. The avoidance response occurs when the second scent donor deposits more of its scent marks in an unscented area than in an area marked by the first scent donor. The shotgun response occurs when the second scent donor deposits a similar number of its scent marks in an area containing scent marks of a conspecific and in an area containing no conspecific scent marks. We allowed voles simultaneous access to an arena containing two arms: one of the arms was scented by a conspecific and the other arm was unscented. We recorded the number of marks deposited by the voles in each arm and the amount of time they spent investigating marks deposited previously in the scented arm. Our data provide no support for the avoidance response, but provide support for the shotgun response and the target response. Species and sex differences in the scent marking behaviours of voles when they encounter the scent marks of conspecifics are discussed within the framework that scent marking responses depend on the voles' social organization and mating system, and that these responses may reflect the tactics males and females use to attract mates and compete with same-sex conspecifics.

Molting, Movement, and Dispersion in the Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1080-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Peebles
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Macrobrachium Rosenbergii ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Habitat Utilization ◽  
Freshwater Prawn ◽  
Reproductive Condition ◽  
Giant Freshwater Prawn ◽  
Preferred Habitat ◽  
Dispersion Patterns ◽  
Males And Females

Movement and dispersion patterns of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii were assessed through sonic tagging and a novel quadrate sampling technique. Females moved greater distances at night than males, and females exhibited a weaker tendency than males to return to a home site. Reproductive condition and proximity to ecdysis were related to the distance females moved at night. Environmental heterogeneity, productivity, and habitat utilization differed between two ponds. In the more heterogeneous environment, late premolt and early postmolt prawns were apparently avoiding hard intermolt and early premolt prawns by occupying a less preferred habitat of deep, soft mud. Key words: Dispersion, habitat utilization, home range, Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Eléments minéraux du régime alimentaire du campagnol des champs, Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord.)

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1565-1570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marie Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Régime Alimentaire ◽  
Reproductive Condition ◽  
Meadow Voles ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Males And Females

One hundred and ninety-five meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord.) were captured by means of 485 traps installed each month during the summer of 1974 in four types of culture. The analysis of minerals in their diet indicates low variation in potassium levels, whereas nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium levels appear to be much more environment-dependent. There are a few differences between the diets of males and females. Stomach contents of captured voles do not vary significantly from one type of culture to another, but the physiological reproductive condition of the animals accounts for significant differences in stomach contents.[Journal translation]

scholarly journals Monitoring Spruce Budworm with Light Traps: The Effect of Trap Position

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Rhainds ◽  
Edward G. Kettela
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Tree Canopies ◽  
Trap Location ◽  
Median Date ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Highly Correlated

Daily records of adult spruce budworms,Choristoneura fumiferana(Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), captured at light traps at multiple locations in New Brunswick in the 1970s, are analyzed in relation to the physical position of light traps (tree canopies or forest clearings). Captures at light traps deployed in tree canopies were 4–400 times greater than those in forest clearings, especially for males. The phenology of captures (median date or duration of flight period) did not differ in relation to trap location. Captures of both males and females in tree canopies were highly correlated with egg densities, whereas no significant relationship was observed for either sex in forest clearings. Monitoring programs for spruce budworm adults using light traps should be standardized by deploying traps in tree canopies.

scholarly journals The relative validity and repeatability of an FFQ for estimating intake of zinc and its absorption modifiers in young and older Saudi adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 968-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadeil M Alsufiani ◽  
Fatmah Yamani ◽  
Taha A Kumosani ◽  
Dianne Ford ◽  
John C Mathers
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Relative Validity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the relative validity and repeatability of a sixty-four-item FFQ for estimating dietary intake of Zn and its absorption modifiers in Saudi adults. In addition, we used the FFQ to investigate the effect of age and gender on these intakes.DesignTo assess validity, all participants completed the FFQ (FFQ1) and a 3 d food record. After 1 month, the FFQ was administered for a second time (FFQ2) to assess repeatability.SettingJeddah, Saudi Arabia.SubjectsOne hundred males and females aged 20–30 years and 60–70 years participated.ResultsMean intakes of Zn and protein from FFQ1 were significantly higher than those from the food record while there were no detectable differences between tools for measurement of phytic acid intake. Estimated intakes of Zn, protein and phytate by both approaches were strongly correlated (P<0·001). Bland–Altman analysis showed for protein that the difference in intake as measured by the two methods was similar across the range of intakes while for Zn and phytic acid, the difference increased with increasing mean intake. Zn and protein intakes from FFQ1 and FFQ2 were highly correlated (r>0·68,P<0·001) but were significantly lower at the second measurement (FFQ2). Older adults consumed less Zn and protein compared with young adults. Intakes of all dietary components were lower in females than in males.ConclusionsThe FFQ developed and tested in the current study demonstrated reasonable relative validity and high repeatability and was capable of detecting differences in intakes between age and gender groups.

scholarly journals Social Organisation, Ecology and Reproduction in the Sanje Mangabey (Cercocebus Sanjei) in the Udzungwa Mountains National Park, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kuruthumu Ally Mwamende
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Social Organisation ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Reproductive Condition ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Udzungwa Mountains ◽  
Sexual Skin ◽  
Group I ◽  
Males And Females

<p>Understanding of the biology of threatened species is central to effective planning for sustainable management of wildlife. The Sanje mangabey, Cercocebus sanjei of Udzungwa Mountains National Park in Tanzania is under pressure from increasinghuman hunting, and habitat loss threatens its long-term survival. This thesis endeavoured to document the socio-biological and ecological aspects of this little-known species in a small habituated group of 62 individuals within the Mwanihana forest in Udzungwa Mountains National Park. I studied the social organisation, size and age-sex composition of one group by following and monitoring of the Sanje mangabeys over a six-month period. I also investigated the spatial-temporal interactions and associations between age and sex classes within a group. I assessed the Sanje mangabey's ranging and movementpatterns and monitored its reproductive behaviour by examining female sexual skin swellings and relationships between sexual swellings and sexual behaviour. Further, I investigated the species feeding habits and influences of seasonal parameters (rainfall and temperature) upon reproduction, feeding ecology and behaviour of this species. The Sanje mangabey social organisation is structured in a hierarchy characterised by dominance according to the sex and age of individuals. The study group was composed of individuals of all sexes and age classes; newborn babies, juveniles, sub adults and adults, males and females. Adult males were generally dominant overfemales and males of lower age. Males showed more agonistic behaviours to juveniles than did females and there were stable linear dominance hierarchies among individuals across the sexes (Landau's dominance index, h' =0.92, p =0.0281) and a high directional consistency index, DC =0.91) for both sexes. The linearity indices 'h' were 0.84, P= 0.041, DC = 0.94 and 0.93, P = 0.0382, DC = 0.94) for males and females, respectively. Individuals spent about 8% on average of day grooming each other and the rate of grooming differed across and within sexes and age classes. There was a significant relationship between duration of the initiator's first grooming episode and subsequent reciprocation by the receiver in all age classes (P < 0.05). The independent effects of total grooming duration of the initiator also showed a significant difference and predicted total grooming duration of the recipient (P =0.0001). However, there was no evidence for grooming to be directed towards higher ranking Sanje mangabeys. The Sanje mangabey's home range was 301 hectares and exhibited a mean daily range of 1760 metres within the Mwanihana forest. The rangeand movement patterns of this species differed significantly between seasons of the year. During the dry season (no rain) the group covered larger distances (P = 0.001) between forest patches and moved significantly faster (P = 0.001) than during wet (rain) season. The Sanje mangabey is omnivorous, feeding on plant material, invertebrates and vertebrates such as lizards. There were marked influences of temperature and rainfall on the feeding patterns. Mangabeys utilised the arboreal layer (>16m high) during cool and wet periods and were observed feeding mostly on the ground resources during hot and dry periods. The reproductive potential and social behaviour of theSanje mangabey, however, did not vary with the different seasons of the year. Sanje mangabeys have a mean swelling cycle length of 32.1 +/- 2.4 days. Individual females showed differences in swelling duration (F =12.43, P = 0.043) and noevidence of group variation in cycle length (H= 30.2, DF = 6, P < 0.05) was seen. Maximum swelling lasted for 4.4 +/- 0.9 days on average and detumescence was 14.7 +/- 3.9 days. The mean menses length was 3 +/- 0.2 days (n = 3). Most cycling females, showed days with regular swellings of both sizes. The gestation length averaged 173days and the interval between birth and resumption of the swelling cycle was observed to be 184 days. The sexual skin swellings appear to be sexually attractive signals of female reproductive condition. Although mating occurred in all stages of the female cycle, a peak was observed during maximum swelling size and breakdown. These findings illustrate the utility of sex swellings as signals used by males to determine reproductive condition.</p>

scholarly journals MEASUREMENT OF ANTERIOR PELVIC TILT IN LOW BACK PAIN- AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Devadhason Malarvizhi ◽  
Sai Kishore Varma ◽  
Sivakumar Vpr
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Visual Analogue Scale ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Pelvic Tilt ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Anterior Pelvic Tilt ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Pain Patients

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to measure the anterior pelvic tilt for both males and females of low back pain patients.  STUDY DESIGN:  Observational type. PROCEDURE: 120 subjects were approached. In that 70 male and 50 females . Using i@handy application in mobile anterior pelvic tilt was calculated among low back pain patients.RESULTS: Anterior pelvic tilt was increased in low back pain patients . In that correlation between males and Visual analogue scale was not significant. But there was a significant correlation found in female anterior pelvic tilt and Visual analogue scale.CONCLUSION:  This study concluded that there was increase in anterior pelvic tilt among low back pain patients. Anterior pelvic tilt and Visual analogue scale was highly correlated in females not in males.KEYWORDS: i@handy, Anterior pelvic tilt, low back pain.

Reproduction of Pseudomys novaehollandiae (Muridae) in the Wild

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
CM Kemper
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
New South ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
First Year ◽  
Reproductive Condition ◽  
South Wales ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Preputial Glands ◽  
Breeding Seasons

A total of 291 P. novaehollandiae were observed during a 4-y study in the Nelson Bay and Smith Lake regions of New South Wales. Reproductive organs were examined from males and females, May 1972-May 1974; reproductive condition of females was noted during a CMR study, August 1974-July 1976. Breeding seasons (conceptions and births) occurred between August and early January (4-5 months) in the first 3 years and between September and March (7 months) in the last year. Second-year females produced three or four litters in short seasons, four or five litters in the long season and up to 20 offspring per season. First-year females produced one litter in short seasons and one or two litters in the long season. Mean litter size was 4.56 (2-6). Ovarian follicles were largest in September and smallest in May. Small, inactive CL persisted in parous females until May. Placental scars were present in all sampled months. Vaginae remained closed during the non-breeding season. In mature males testes and epididymides contained sperm from July to March. Vesicular, prostate and preputial glands were enlarged and secretory from September to December. Testes were smallest and least developed in May and June. Males were divided into five categories depending on age and overall reproductive condition. Sexual maturity was reached in the breeding season of birth by some males (33%) and females (13-88%). More females matured early when population density was low. Food abundance and quality may have been important variables in regulating the timing of the breeding season.

A Comparison of the Contributions of Two Voice Quality Characteristics to the Perception of Maleness and Femaleness in the Voice

1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph O. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Voice ◽  
Basic Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Vocal Tract Resonance ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Voice

Comparisons were made between the contributions of the fundamental frequency (F 0 ) on one hand, and vocal tract resonances on the other, to a perception of maleness and femaleness in the adult voice. In the first of two experiments, the F 0 of natural voice was found to be very highly correlated with the degree of maleness and femalenesss in the voice. The vocal tract resonances were less highly correlated and it is apparent that in the presence of the natural laryngeal tone, these perceptions are based on the frequency of the F 0 . In the second experiment, a tone produced by a laryngeal vibrator was substituted for the normal glottal tone at simulated F 0 's representing both males (120 Hz) and females (240 Hz). When listeners were asked to identify the sex of the speakers some inconsistency with the findings of the first experiment was seen. The female F 0 was a weak indicator of female voice quality when combined with male vocal tract resonance although the male F 0 retained the perceptual prominence seen in the first experiment. This finding may be indicative of some basic difference in the normal glottal characteristics of males and females.

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