scholarly journals Chronology of Range Expansion of the Coyote, Canis latrans, in New York

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather M. Fener ◽  
Joshua R. Ginsberg ◽  
Eric W. Sanderson ◽  
Matthew E. Gompper
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
The State ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Proximate Mechanisms ◽  
The North ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Correlative Relationship

Coyotes (Canis latrans) were historically restricted to central North America. In less than two centuries, however, Coyotes have colonized most of the continent, including much of northeastern North America. Better understanding causes and proximate mechanisms of this expansion requires a detailed understanding of how Coyotes colonized areas on a fine scale. We examined the establishment of Coyotes in the State of New York by collecting and analyzing reports of their first occurrence throughout the state over the past century, and creating a detailed map of range expansion. Coyotes first entered New York from the north, circled the Adirondack region prior to colonizing it, and then expanded southward and westward at ca. 78-90 km/decade. The revealed pattern lends little support to the hypotheses that the range expansion is attributable to translocations and releases, or that Coyotes were historically present in the region and only recently expanded in numbers. Rather, the data suggest a correlative relationship between anthropogenic land use and Coyote range expansion.

Now and Then: Fiber Meets Fibonacci; The Shape of Things to Come

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-262
Author(s):  
Art Johnson
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
North America ◽  
Smithsonian Institution ◽  
The State ◽  
The North ◽  
To Come ◽  
Basket Maker

AN OLD SAYING GOES SOMETHING LIKE THIS, “ARTISTS ARE born, not made.” For Billie Ruth Sudduth, this statement is not quite true. Billie Ruth, who lives in the North Carolina mountains, makes baskets that are prized by collectors from all across North America and have been displayed in the Renwick Gallery of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. She is internationally known for her basket artistry and was the first woman to be designated a Living Treasure by the state of North Carolina. But she was not always a basket maker.

scholarly journals Abolitionist John Brown's Treason against the Commonwealth of Virginia: A Lesson for State Governments about the Culpability of Non-Residents for Treason against the State

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Beckman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
State Government ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Southern States ◽  
The North ◽  
John Brown ◽  
North And South

Abstract This article analyzes the specific issue of whether an individual could be tried for treason by a State government if that individual is not a resident or citizen of that State. This issue is analyzed through the prism of the landmark case of John Brown v. Commonwealth of Virginia, a criminal prosecution which occurred in October 1859. Brown, a resident of New York, was convicted of treason against the Commonwealth of Virginia, insurrection, and murder after he attempted to overthrow the institution of slavery by force on October 16–18, 1859. After a prosecution and trial which occurred within a matter of weeks following Brown's crimes, Brown was executed on December 2, 1859. To this day, John Brown's trial and execution remains one of the leading examples of a State government exercising its power to enforce treason law on the State level and to execute an individual for that offense. Of course, the John Brown case had a major impact on American history, including being a significant factor in the presidential election of 1860 and an often-cited spark to the powder keg of tensions between the Northern and Southern States, which would erupt into a raging conflagration between the North and South in the American Civil War a short eighteen months later. However, in the legal realm, the Brown case is one of the leading and best-known examples of a state government exercising its authority to enforce its laws prohibiting treason against the State. The purpose of this article is not to discuss treason laws generally or even all the issues applicable to John Brown's trial in 1859. Rather, this article focuses only on the very specific issue of the culpability of a non-resident/non-citizen for treason against a State government. With the increased array of hostile actions against State governments in recent years, and criminal actors crossing state lines to commit these hostile acts, this article discusses an issue of importance to contemporary society, namely whether an individual can be prosecuted and convicted for treason by a State of which the defendant is not a citizen or resident.

On the mortality and management of a ubiquitous musteloid: the common raccoon

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel I. Zeveloff
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Current Distribution ◽  
The State ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Common

This chapter initially provides an overview of the current distribution and status of the common raccoon in North America. Its overall numbers and distribution, and even its utilization of certain habitats have changed dramatically; all largely within the past century. This contribution then examines how the numbers of raccoons that are killed or ‘harvested’ have changed during the last century. The term ‘harvest’ is commonly used by wildlife managers in North America to refer to the number of animals taken by hunters and trappers, for sport, or to utilize and sell their fur. The policies that determine raccoon exploitation by such practices are herein reviewed. There is an assessment of whether and how population variables are considered in establishing these hunting and trapping policies. Ultimately, this analysis reveals the state of raccoon management and offers thoughts about its potential paths.

Upper Triassic Invertebrates from the Antimonio Formation, Sonora, Mexico

1994 ◽  
Vol 68 (S36) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
George D. Stanley ◽  
Carlos González-León ◽  
Michael R. Sandy ◽  
Baba Senowbari-Daryan ◽  
Peter Doyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Weak Link ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
Western Tethys ◽  
The North ◽  
Tethys Realm ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
North American Craton

A diverse Upper Triassic tropical marine fauna from northwestern Sonora, Mexico, includes 31 taxa of tropical invertebrates including scleractinian corals, spongiomorphs, disjectoporoids, “hydrozoans,” thalamid and nonthalamid sponges, spiriferid and terebratulid brachiopods, gastropods, bivalves, coleoids, and anomuran microcoprolites. They occur within the late Karnian to Norian part of the Antimonio Formation (Antimonio terrane), which is juxtaposed against a fragmented portion of the North American craton. Most of the fauna is also known from the Tethys region. Sixteen Sonoran taxa co-occur in the western Tethys and five have never been known outside this region. Four additional taxa (one identified only at genus level) are geographically widespread. Some taxa occur in displaced terranes of North America, especially in west-central Nevada (Luning Formation). A weak link exists with the California Eastern Klamath terrane but stronger ties exist with Peru. Among Sonoran sponges,Nevadathalamia polystomawas previously recognized only from the Luning Formation, western Nevada. SpongesCinnabaria expansa, Nevadathalamia cylindrica, and a coral,Astraeomorpha sonorensisn. sp., are also known from Nevada. The coralsDistichomeandra austriaca, Chondrocoenia waltheri, Pamiroseris rectilamellosa, andAlpinophyllia flexuosaco-occur in central Europe. Two new taxa, a spongiomorph hydrozoan,Stromatoporidium lamellatumn. sp., and a disjectoporoid,Pamiropora sonorensisn. sp., have distinct affinities with the Tethys. The geographically widespread North American brachiopod,Spondylospira lewesensis, andPseudorhaetina antimoniensisn. gen. and sp. are among the Sonoran fauna. The Sonoran coleoid (aulacocerid)Dictyoconites(Dictyoconites) cf.D. reticulatumoccurs in the Tethys realm andCalliconitescf.C. drakeiis comparable with a species from the Eastern Klamath terrane.Calliconites millerin. sp. is the first occurrence of the genus outside Sicily. The bivalvesMyophorigonia jaworskii, M. salasi, andPalaeocardita peruvianaare known from Sonora and Peru. Eight gastropod taxa includeGuidoniacf.G. intermediaandG.cf.G. parvula, both previously known from Peru, andEucycloscala subbisertusfrom the western Tethys. The gastropods are unlike those already known from other North American terranes.

scholarly journals Diversity of Hypoviruses and Other Double-Stranded RNAs in Cryphonectria parasitica in North America

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 1026-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobin L. Peever ◽  
Yir-Chung Liu ◽  
Michael G. Milgroom
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
North America ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
The North ◽  
Hybridization Group

Double-stranded (ds) RNAs in Cryphonectria parasitica were randomly sampled from nine subpopulations in North America using an antibody-based detection system for dsRNA. dsRNA was detected in 166 (28%) of a total of 595 C. parasitica isolates sampled by immunoblotting. Incidence of dsRNA infection within subpopulations ranged from 0% in samples from New Hampshire and Ontario to 100% in County Line, MI. Most of the dsRNAs sampled were approximately 9 to 13 kb in size. dsRNAs from 72 isolates analyzed by probing Northern blots with 32P-labeled dsRNAs were in one of three hybridization groups. One hybridization group was widespread throughout eastern North America, being found in New York, New Jersey, Maryland, West Virginia, Kentucky, and Michigan. These dsRNAs hybridized to dsRNA from the previously described C. parasitica isolate SR2 from Maryland and are referred to as SR2-type dsRNAs. The second hybridization group was found almost exclusively in Michigan. The Michigan dsRNAs cross-hybridized to Cryphonectria hypovirus 3-GH2 (CHV3-GH2) and are referred to as CHV3-type dsRNAs.One dsRNA sampled from Kentucky hybridized to CHV3-type dsRNAs from Michigan. This dsRNA was probably derived from a fungal isolate that had been intentionally released for biological control at this same site 10 years previously and had become established in Kentucky. The third hybridization group was found only in New Jersey. These dsRNAs were much smaller than all other dsRNAs (3 and 5 kb) and were found in all 11 isolates that were probed; two of these isolates also had SR2-type dsRNA in mixed infections. None of the North American dsRNAs hybridized to CHV1 from Europe, even though CHV1 has been released in numerous locations in eastern North America for biological control of chestnut blight. Similarly, no dsRNAs hybridized to CHV2-NB58, a hypovirus found previously in New Jersey. Mixed infections of SR2-type and CHV3-type dsRNAs were found in 13 of 15 isolates from Frankfort, MI, while another nearby subpopulation (County Line) was infected with only CHV3-type dsRNAs. The distribution of dsRNA hybridization groups in C. parasitica thus presents a mixed picture, since one hybridization group is widespread, whereas two others are primarily restricted to smaller geographic areas.

The Development of the North Pacific Jet Phase Diagram as an Objective Tool to Monitor the State and Forecast Skill of the Upper-Tropospheric Flow Pattern

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Winters ◽  
Daniel Keyser ◽  
Lance F. Bosart
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
North America ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Zonal Wind ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
The State ◽  
Forecast Skill ◽  
Exit Region ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract Previous studies employing empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses of upper-tropospheric zonal wind anomalies have identified the leading modes of North Pacific jet (NPJ) variability that prevail on synoptic time scales. The first mode corresponds to a zonal extension or retraction of the exit region of the climatological NPJ, while the second mode corresponds to a poleward or equatorward shift of the exit region of the climatological NPJ. These NPJ regimes can strongly influence the character of the large-scale flow pattern over North America. Consequently, knowledge of the prevailing NPJ regime and the forecast skill associated with each NPJ regime can add considerable value to operational medium-range (6–10-day) forecasts over North America. This study documents the development of an NPJ phase diagram, which is constructed from the two leading EOFs of 250-hPa zonal wind anomalies during 1979–2014 excluding the summer months (June–August). The projection of 250-hPa zonal wind anomalies at one or multiple times onto the NPJ phase diagram provides an objective characterization of the state or evolution of the upper-tropospheric flow pattern over the North Pacific with respect to the two leading EOFs. A 30-yr analysis of GEFS reforecasts with respect to the NPJ phase diagram demonstrates that forecasts verified during jet retraction and equatorward shift regimes are associated with significantly larger average errors than jet extension and poleward shift regimes. An examination of the best and worst forecasts further suggests that periods characterized by rapid NPJ regime transition and the development and maintenance of North Pacific blocking events exhibit reduced forecast skill.

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