Fish embryo culture: rhombencephalic neuritic outgrowth in explanted axial cords from the zebrafish Brachydanio rerio (Hamilton-Buchanan)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 3215-3219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans W. Laale
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Fiber Bundles ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Brachydanio Rerio ◽  
Fish Embryo ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Neuritic Outgrowth ◽  
Close Contacts

Fifteen stage 17 axial cords from the zebrafish Brachydanio rerio were stripped of epidermis and separated from their yolk spheres. Posterior halves, from the mid-rhombencephalic level to the caudal knob, were maintained in nutrient medium for 30 days at 24 ± 2 °C. The study describes preliminary observations on rhombencephalic neuritic outgrowth and associations with non-neural cells from 7 to 30 days of culture. Nerve fiber bundles increased in number and complexity with time and displayed heterogeneous branching behaviour. Frequent multiple close contacts with individual non-neural cells were observed, but selectivity of attraction to specific target cells was not verified. The findings are compared with similar contacts reported for mammalian tissues in vitro.

Fish embryo culture: cardiac monolayers and contractile activity in embryo explants from the zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 878-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Willer Laale
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Brachydanio Rerio ◽  
Fish Embryo ◽  
Embryo Cultures ◽  
Culture Substrate ◽  
First Time ◽  
Cardiac Mesoderm

Stage 16+ axial isolates from embryos of the zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio (Hamilton-Buchanan), were separated from their yolk spheres and epidermis. Rhombencephalic level explants, with intact bilateral cardiac rudiments, were maintained in nutrient medium for 20 days at 24 ± 2 °C. All embryo cultures became attached to the culture substrate and underwent subsequent differentiation. Ten out of 25 explants showed bilateral migrations of determined but initially undifferentiated cardiac mesoderm. The progressive structural and functional differentiation of zebrafish cardiac monolayers and intact rudiments are described for the first time.

Neurovirulence of the UC-2 and UC-8 Strains of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 11 in Newborn Mice

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Waldvogel ◽  
C. A. Anderson ◽  
R. J. Higgins ◽  
B. I. Osburn
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Immunofluorescent Staining ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Inoculation Site ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Subcutaneous Inoculation

In vivo and in vitro experiments were done to investigate whether the difference in neurovirulence between the two strains of bluetongue virus 11, UC-2 and UC-8, is based on a different capability to gain access to the brain from the subcutaneous inoculation site or on a different tropism for neural cells. In newborn Balb/c mice subcutaneous inoculation of UC-8 at doses between 10−0.2 plaque forming units (PFU) and 104.8 PFU caused a severe necrotizing encephalitis whereas UC-2 at doses of up to 104.4 PFU did not affect newborn Balb/c mice. However, intracranial inoculation of 102.4 PFU of either virus strain produced severe necrotizing encephalitis. In vitro both virus strains infected dissociated brain cell cultures similarly. Double labelling immunofluorescent staining with markers specific for neural cells did not reveal differences in the target cells for the two viruses. The difference in neurovirulence between UC-2 and UC-8, therefore, appears to be determined by the ability of UC-8 to infect the brain from a subcutaneous inoculation site.

scholarly journals Myelin-associated glycoprotein, a member of the L2/HNK-1 family of neural cell adhesion molecules, is involved in neuron-oligodendrocyte and oligodendrocyte-oligodendrocyte interaction.

1987 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 1893-1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Poltorak ◽  
R Sadoul ◽  
G Keilhauer ◽  
C Landa ◽  
T Fahrig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Neural Cell ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Fab Fragments ◽  
Neural Cell Adhesion ◽  
Myelin Associated Glycoprotein

A monoclonal antibody to the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) was prepared and characterized to probe for the involvement of MAG in cell surface interactions among neural cells in vitro. The antibody reacts specifically with oligodendrocyte cell surface and myelin-rich brain regions as expected from previous investigations. Not all O4 antigen-positive oligodendrocytes express MAG in vitro. Fab fragments of the antibody interfere with neuron to oligodendrocyte and oligodendrocyte to oligodendrocyte adhesion, but not with oligodendrocyte to astrocyte adhesion. MAG-containing liposomes bind to the cell surfaces of the appropriate target cells by a mechanism that is specifically inhibitable by Fab fragments of monoclonal MAG antibodies, demonstrating that MAG is a neural cell adhesion molecule.

Fish embryo culture: observations on axial cord differentiation in presomitic isolates of the zebrafish Brachydanio rerio (Hamilton-Buchanan)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1710-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans W. Laale
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Brachydanio Rerio ◽  
Fish Embryo ◽  
Fish Embryos ◽  
Meristic Variation

Eighteen pre- and post-rhombencephalic axial isolates from zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio, presomitic embryos divested of epidermis and yolk were maintained in a nutrient medium for 14 days at 24 ± 2 °C. The paper focuses on the differentiation of the notochord and metamerism of axial somites in culture. The technique is proposed as a possible means for studying parameters pertaining to meristic variation in developing fish embryos.

Ultrastructural Changes in Tumor Cells During Human Peripheral Blood Monocyte-Mediated Cytotoxicity

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 452-453
Author(s):  
K. E. Muse ◽  
D. G. Fischer ◽  
H. S. Koren
Keyword(s):  
Target Cell ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Tumoricidal Activity ◽  
Activated State

Mononuclear phagocytes, a pluripotential cell line, manifest an array of basic extracellular functions. Among these physiological regulatory functions is the expression of spontaneous cytolytic potential against tumor cell targets.The limited observations on human cells, almost exclusively blood monocytes, initially reported limited or a lack of tumoricidal activity in the absence of antibody. More recently, freshly obtained monocytes have been reported to spontaneously impair the biability of tumor target cells in vitro (Harowitz et al., 1979; Montavani et al., 1979; Hammerstrom, 1979). Although the mechanism by which effector cells express cytotoxicity is poorly understood, discrete steps can be distinguished in the process of cell mediated cytotoxicity: recognition and binding of effector to target cells,a lethal-hit stage, and subsequent lysis of the target cell. Other important parameters in monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity include, activated state of the monocyte, effector cell concentrations, and target cell suseptibility. However, limited information is available with regard to the ultrastructural changes accompanying monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity.

STEROID HORMONE METABOLISM IN RESPONSIVE TISSUES IN VITRO

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (1_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S279-S294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Robel
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Relationship Of

ABSTRACT Of the information available on steroid hormone metabolism in responsive tissues, only that relating hormone metabolism to physiological activity is reviewed, i. e. metabolite activity in isolated in vitro systems, binding of metabolites to target tissue receptors, specific steroid hormone metabolizing enzymes and relationship of hormone metabolism to target organ physiological state. Further, evidence is presented in the androgen field, demonstrating 5α-reduced metabolites, formed inside the target cells, as active compounds. This has led to a consideration of testosterone as a »prehormone«. The possibility that similar events take place in tissues responding to progesterone is discussed. Finally, the role of hormone metabolism in the regulation of hormone availability and/or renewal in target cells is discussed. In this context, reference is made to the potential role of plasma binding proteins and cytosol receptors.

Non-Viral Vectors for Gene Delivery

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparna Bansal ◽  
Himanshu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Transfection Efficiency ◽  
Gene Transfection ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Naked Dna

Introduction: Gene therapy has emerged out as a promising therapeutic pave for the treatment of genetic and acquired diseases. Gene transfection into target cells using naked DNA is a simple and safe approach which has been further improved by combining vectors or gene carriers. Both viral and non-viral approaches have achieved a milestone to establish this technique, but non-viral approaches have attained a significant attention because of their favourable properties like less immunotoxicity and biosafety, easy to produce with versatile surface modifications, etc. Literature is rich in evidences which revealed that undoubtedly, non–viral vectors have acquired a unique place in gene therapy but still there are number of challenges which are to be overcome to increase their effectiveness and prove them ideal gene vectors. Conclusion: To date, tissue specific expression, long lasting gene expression system, enhanced gene transfection efficiency has been achieved with improvement in delivery methods using non-viral vectors. This review mainly summarizes the various physical and chemical methods for gene transfer in vitro and in vivo.

scholarly journals Selection of aptamers against triple negative breast cancer cells using high throughput sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Ferreira ◽  
Joaquim Barbosa ◽  
Diana A. Sousa ◽  
Cátia Silva ◽  
Luís D. R. Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Surface Receptors

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer is the most aggressive subtype of invasive breast cancer with a poor prognosis and no approved targeted therapy. Hence, the identification of new and specific ligands is essential to develop novel targeted therapies. In this study, we aimed to identify new aptamers that bind to highly metastatic breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells using the cell-SELEX technology aided by high throughput sequencing. After 8 cycles of selection, the aptamer pool was sequenced and the 25 most frequent sequences were aligned for homology within their variable core region, plotted according to their free energy and the key nucleotides possibly involved in the target binding site were analyzed. Two aptamer candidates, Apt1 and Apt2, binding specifically to the target cells with $$K_{d}$$ K d values of 44.3 ± 13.3 nM and 17.7 ± 2.7 nM, respectively, were further validated. The binding analysis clearly showed their specificity to MDA-MB-231 cells and suggested the targeting of cell surface receptors. Additionally, Apt2 revealed no toxicity in vitro and showed potential translational application due to its affinity to breast cancer tissue sections. Overall, the results suggest that Apt2 is a promising candidate to be used in triple-negative breast cancer treatment and/or diagnosis.

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