Comment on Dr. Gilmour's views on feeding by hemichordates and lophophorates

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 3466-3468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Strathmann
Keyword(s):  
Particle Capture ◽  
Ciliary Motion

Observations on motion of captured particles, films of ciliary motion during particle capture, and physical theories of the motion of particles and water contradict substantial parts of Dr. Gilmour's accounts of ciliary feeding by hemichordates and lophophorates. (T. H. J. Gilmour. 1982. Feeding in tornaria larvae and the development of gill slits in enteropneust hemichordates. Can. J. Zool. 60. This issue.)

scholarly journals A Numerical Study of the Effect of Particle Size on Particle Deposition on Turbine Vanes and Blades

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 168781402110178
Author(s):  
Zhengang Liu ◽  
Weinan Diao ◽  
Zhenxia Liu ◽  
Fei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Stokes Number ◽  
Capture Efficiency ◽  
Particle Capture ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pressure Surface ◽  
Deposition Area ◽  
Turbine Vanes

Particle deposition could decrease the aerodynamic performance and cooling efficiency of turbine vanes and blades. The particle motion in the flow and its temperature are two important factors affecting its deposition. The size of the particle influences both its motion and temperature. In this study, the motion of particles with the sizes from 1 to 20 μm in the first stage of a turbine are firstly numerically simulated with the steady method, then the particle deposition on the vanes and blades are numerically simulated with the unsteady method based on the critical viscosity model. It is discovered that the particle deposition on vanes mainly formed near the leading and trailing edge on the pressure surface, and the deposition area expands slowly to the whole pressure surface with the particle size increasing. For the particle deposition on blades, the deposition area moves from the entire pressure surface toward the tip with the particle size increasing due to the effect of rotation. For vanes, the particle capture efficiency increases with the particle size increasing since Stokes number and temperature of the particle both increase with its size. For blades, the particle capture efficiency increases firstly and then decreases with the particle size increasing.

Mixing of solutions by coordinated ciliary motion in Vorticella convallaria and patterning method for microfluidic applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 1255-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moeto Nagai ◽  
Yo Hayasaka ◽  
Kei Kato ◽  
Takahiro Kawashima ◽  
Takayuki Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Ciliary Motion

The feeding behaviour of Florometra serratissima (Echinodermata: Crinoidea)

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Byrne ◽  
A. R. Fontaine
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Particle Capture ◽  
Particle Collection ◽  
Slack Water ◽  
Feeding Activities ◽  
Characteristic Behaviour

The feeding behaviour of the comatulid crinoid Florometra serratissima (A. H. Clark) was studied at two sites around Vancouver Island. It appears to inhabit areas where currents are slight. The arms are held in a cone posture during slack water but in mild currents they orient to form a partial arm fan.Tube foot behaviour was observed in situ and in aquaria. The podia arise in groups of three, each podium of the triplet exhibiting a characteristic behaviour related to its role in feeding. The primary podia are typically held extended; they initiate the mechanism of particle capture, secrete mucous threads, and are sensory. The secondary podia, attached to the lappet for much of their length, scoop to collect particles and perhaps mucous threads. The tertiary podia manipulate material in the food grooves. Lappet action appears to aid particle collection through scraping along the primary podia.These feeding activities are compared with those reported for Antedon bifida (Pennant) and other crinoids.

scholarly journals Swimming like algae: biomimetic soft artificial cilia

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (78) ◽  
pp. 20120666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Sareh ◽  
Jonathan Rossiter ◽  
Andrew Conn ◽  
Knut Drescher ◽  
Raymond E. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Ionic Polymer ◽  
Piecewise Constant ◽  
Ciliary Motion ◽  
Thrust Generation ◽  
Artificial Cilia ◽  
Segmentation Pattern ◽  
Polymer Metal

Cilia are used effectively in a wide variety of biological systems from fluid transport to thrust generation. Here, we present the design and implementation of artificial cilia, based on a biomimetic planar actuator using soft-smart materials. This actuator is modelled on the cilia movement of the alga Volvox , and represents the cilium as a piecewise constant-curvature robotic actuator that enables the subsequent direct translation of natural articulation into a multi-segment ionic polymer metal composite actuator. It is demonstrated how the combination of optimal segmentation pattern and biologically derived per-segment driving signals reproduce natural ciliary motion. The amenability of the artificial cilia to scaling is also demonstrated through the comparison of the Reynolds number achieved with that of natural cilia.

A multifunctional multi-walled carbon nanotubes/ceramic membrane composite filter for air purification

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (112) ◽  
pp. 91951-91959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Zhaoxiang Zhong ◽  
Ze-Xian Low ◽  
Zhong Yao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Capture Efficiency ◽  
Air Purification ◽  
Particle Capture ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Composite Filter ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are very small diameter fibers that have the potential to be integrated into filters to further increase particle capture efficiency.

scholarly journals I. On the embryogeny of comatula rosacea (Linck)

1859 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 600-601
Keyword(s):  
Granular Matter ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Areolar Tissue ◽  
Young Larva ◽  
Characteristic Form ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pale Yellow ◽  
Ciliary Motion ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs

The author briefly described the male and female reproductive organs of Comatula. When the ova are mature, and before impregnation, they are protruded and remain hanging from the ovarian orifice, entangled in the areolar tissue of the everted ovary. In this position impregnation appears usually to take place. After segmentation of the yelk, a solid nucleus is formed in the centre of the mulberry yelk-mass. This nucleus becomes invested in a special membrane, and into this embryonic mass the remainder of the yelk is gradually absorbed. Ciliary motion is observed at various points on the surface of the inclosed embryo, which finally assumes its characteristic form. The young larva, on escaping from the egg, consists of a homogeneous mass of pale-yellow granular matter, with scattered nuclei, cells, and oil-globules. It is barrel-shaped, and girded at intervals with about five broad ciliated bands.

scholarly journals The dynein-triggered ciliary motion in embryonic nodes: An exploratory study based on computational models

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 2495-2501
Author(s):  
Duanduan Chen ◽  
Yi Zhong ◽  
Kyosuke Shinohara ◽  
Tomoki Nishida ◽  
Toshiaki Hasegawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Ciliary Motion
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