Haemopoiesis in Lepidoptera. III. A note on the multiplication of spherule cells and granular haemocytes

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Arnold ◽  
C. F. Hinks
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Maximum Production ◽  
Spherule Cell ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Potential Maximum ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin ◽  
Cell Mitosis

Blood films from early sixth instar larvae of Euxoa declarata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) stained in hematoxylin – eosin – alcian blue showed unequivocal examples of mitosis in spherule cells. The improved visibility of mitosis and the estimation of the mitotic index from counts of dividing cells per 1000 cells of each type indicated a far greater potential maximum production of spherule cells and granular haemocytes by mitosis than reported previously. Certain other methods of staining showed similar clear examples of spherule cell mitosis.

scholarly journals Intra-Cystic (In Situ) Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma: A Clinico-Pathological Study of 14 Cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1157
Author(s):  
Saverio Capodiferro ◽  
Giuseppe Ingravallo ◽  
Luisa Limongelli ◽  
Mauro Mastropasqua ◽  
Angela Tempesta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Tumor Invasion ◽  
Conservative Surgery ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Mucin Production ◽  
Cystic Component ◽  
Early Growth Phase ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

Aims: To report on the clinico-pathological features of a series of 14 intra-oral mucoepidermoid carcinomas showing exclusive intra-cystic growth. Materials and methods: All mucoepidermoid carcinomas diagnosed in the period 1990–2012 were retrieved; the original histological preparations were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis and from selected cases, showing exclusive intra-cystic neoplastic components, additional sections were cut at three subsequent 200 m intervals and stained with Hematoxylin–Eosin, PAS, Mucicarmine and Alcian Blue, to possibly identify tumor invasion of the adjacent tissues, which could have been overlooked in the original histological preparations. Additionally, pertinent findings collected from the clinical charts and follow-up data were analyzed. Results: We identified 14 intraoral mucoepidermoid carcinomas treated by conservative surgery and with a minimum follow up of five years. The neoplasms were located in the hard palate (nine cases), the soft palate (two), the cheek (two) and the retromolar trigone (one). In all instances, histological examination revealed the presence of a single cystic space, containing clusters of columnar, intermediate, epidermoid, clear and mucous-producing cells, the latter exhibiting distinct intra-cytoplasmic mucin production, as confirmed by PAS, Mucicarmine and Alcian Blue stains. The cysts were entirely circumscribed by fibrous connective tissue, and no solid areas or infiltrating tumor cell clusters were detected. Conservative surgical resection was performed in all cases, and no recurrences or nodal metastases were observed during follow up. Conclusions: Mucoepidermoid carcinomas showing prominent (>20%) intra-cystic proliferation currently are considered low-grade tumors. In addition, we also unveil the possibility that mucoepidermoid carcinomas, at least in their early growth phase, may display an exclusive intra-cystic component and might be considered as in situ carcinomas, unable to infiltrate adjacent tissues and metastasize.

scholarly journals 5-AMINOURACIL TREATMENT

1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Socher ◽  
D. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Proliferating Cell ◽  
Two Populations

Treatment of Vicia faba lateral roots with a range of concentrations of 5-aminouracil (5-AU) indicate that cells are stopped at a particular point in interphase. The timing of the fall in mitotic index suggests that cells are held at the S - G2 transition. When cells are held at this point, treatments with 5-AU can be used to estimate the duration of G2 + mitosis/2 of proliferating cells. Treatment with 5-AU can also be used to demonstrate the presence of subpopulations of dividing cells that differ in their G2 duration. Using this method, 5-AU-induced inhibition, we have confirmed that in V. faba lateral roots there are two populations of dividing cells: (a) a fast-dividing population, which makes up ∼85% of the proliferating cell population and has a G2 + mitosis/2 duration of 3.3 hr, and (b) a slow-dividing population, which makes up ∼15% of dividing cells and has a G2 duration in excess of 12 hr. These estimates are similar to those obtained from percentage labeled mitosis (PLM) curves after incorporation of thymidine-3H.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment of sorbic and benzoic acid via express biotest

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Artem Samoylov ◽  
Natal’ya Suraeva ◽  
Mariya Zaytseva ◽  
Vera Rachkova ◽  
Madinat Kurbanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
Allium Test ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Express Methods

Negative physiological and biochemical effects of chronic and subchronic doses of benzoates and sorbates may pose a certain risk to human health. Identifying new biomarkers responsible for the body’s response to these compounds could provide significant details in determining the mechanism of their toxicity. To assess comparatively physiological, cytological, cytogenetic, and biochemical parameters in onion roots cells we used an Allium test. The roots were previously treated with sorbic and benzoic acids. The study recorded the dose-dependent toxic effect of these preservatives on the root mass growth. The EC50 values obtained for benzoic and sorbic acids (10 mg/L and 110 mg/L respectively) were significantly lower than the regulated concentrations prescribed by the standards for their content in certain types of food products. With an increase in concentrations of these acids, the mitotic index of meristematic cells decreased in experimental groups compared to control groups. The data obtained confirmed the necessity of estimating the mitotic index when choosing onion for the Allium test. The necessity resulted from the fact that low proliferative activity could cause false positive results. Sorbic and benzoic acids in concentrations below the corresponding EC50 increased the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in apical meristematic cells of the roots compared to control. Thus, benzoic and sorbic acids had reliable mitodepressive and genotoxic effects on the dividing cells of onion roots. The study explored the dynamics of lipid oxidation biomarker accumulation (malon dialdehyde, MDA) after exposure to benzoic and sorbic acids. The toxic effect of benzoic acid appeared not to be associated with oxidative damage to root cell lipids, whereas sorbic acid in concentrations from 20 to 200 mg/L resulted in a multiple increase in MDA concentration in the test samples compared to control. At the same time, lipid peroxidation showed a higher level of sensitivity compared to other indicators of this test. Further, the data obtained on the toxic influence of sorbic and benzoic acids can be used in express methods to assess food and ecological security of these acids.

scholarly journals A polo-like kinase modulates cytokinesis and flagella biogenesis in Giardia lamblia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Ah Park ◽  
Juri Kim ◽  
Mee Young Shin ◽  
Soon-Jung Park
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Subcellular Fractionation ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Kinase Assay ◽  
Nuclear Fraction ◽  
Dividing Cells

Abstract Background Polo-like kinases (PLKs) are conserved serine/threonine kinase, regulating cell cycle. Giardia lamblia PLK (GlPLK) role in its cell has not been yet studied. Here, the function of GlPLK was investigated to provide the insight of roles in Giardia cell division, especially during cytokinesis and in flagella formation. Methods To access the function of GlPLK, Giardia trophozoites were treated with PLK-specific inhibitor, GW843286X (GW) or anti-glplk morpholino, then growth of the cells was monitored and phenotypic characteristics of GlPLK-inhibited cells were observed by using mitotic index and flow cytometry assay. Transgenic G. lamblia expressing GlPLK as a hemagglutinin (HA)-tagging was constructed and used for immunofluorescence assay to detect the localization of GlPLK, followed by the subcellular fractionation. Furthermore, kinase assay was performed to assess the phosphorylation activities of GlPLK by purified proteins or in vitro synthesized proteins. To elucidate the role of phosphorylated GlPLK, the phosphorylation residues were mutated and expressed in Giardia trophozoites. Results After incubating trophozoites with 5 µM GW, the percentages of cells with four nuclei and/or longer flagella were increased. Immunofluorescence assays indicated that GlPLK was mainly localized at basal bodies and transiently localized at mitotic spindles in the dividing cells. Fractionation experiments demonstrated that GlPLK is present in the nuclear fraction, as did the centromeric histone H3. Morpholino-mediated GlPLK knockdown resulted in the same phenotypes as those observed in GW-treated cells, i.e., increased mitotic index and flagella length. Kinase assays using mutant recombinant GlPLKs indicated that mutation at Lys51 or at both Thr179 and Thr183 resulted in loss of kinase activity. Giardia expressing these mutant GlPLKs also demonstrated defects in cell growth, cytokinesis, and flagella. Conclusions These data indicated that GlPLK plays roles in Giardia cell division, especially during cytokinesis, and in flagella formation.

Goblet Cell Mimickers in Esophageal Biopsies Are Not Associated With an Increased Risk for Dysplasia

2007 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-575
Author(s):  
Mamoun Younes ◽  
Atilla Ertan ◽  
Gulchin Ergun ◽  
Ray Verm ◽  
Margaret Bridges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Intestinal Type ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Original Report ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

Abstract Context.—Identification of intestinal-type goblet cells (ITGCs) in hematoxylin-eosin–stained sections of esophageal biopsies is essential for the diagnosis of Barrett metaplasia. However, we have seen cases diagnosed as Barrett metaplasia based solely on cells that pose morphologic similarity to ITGCs on hematoxylin-eosin staining or stain positive with Alcian blue. Objective.—To determine the clinical significance of goblet cell mimickers. Design.—Initial biopsies from 78 patients with original diagnosis of Barrett metaplasia negative for dysplasia and a mean follow-up of 72 months were reviewed and reclassified into 3 categories: (1) ITGCs, (2) goblet cell mimickers, or (3) neither. Sections from available paraffin blocks were stained with Alcian blue at pH 2.5. The presence of the different types of cells and positive Alcian blue staining were correlated with each other and evaluated for their significance as predictors of progression to dysplasia. Results.—Goblet cell mimickers were present in 35 cases and were associated with ITGCs in the same biopsy in 23 (66%) of these cases. Intestinal-type goblet cells were present in 56 cases, and the remaining 10 cases, although called Barrett on the original report, did not show either ITGCs or goblet cell mimickers. Only the presence of ITGCs was associated with significant risk for dysplasia (P = .008). Positive Alcian blue staining was not associated with a significant risk for dysplasia. Conclusions.—Our results indicate that the diagnosis of Barrett metaplasia should be rendered with confidence only when ITGCs are identified on routine hematoxylin-eosin–stained sections.

scholarly journals Heavy metals analysis and toxicity evaluation of some textile and dyeing effluents in Kano, Nigeria using Allium cepa bioassay

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 344-351
Author(s):  
U.A. Abdullahi ◽  
S. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Root Growth Inhibition ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Textile Processing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dividing Cells

Insufficiencies in dyeing and textile processing coupled with incomplete sewage treatment system lead to indiscriminate discharge of large amount of dyestuff into water bodies mostly used for irrigation and fishing. These wastes are potentially mutagenic and some are even carcinogenic. In this research, cytotoxicity of three industrial effluents viz; African Textile Manufacturer (ATM), Kofar Naisa and Kofar Mata dyeing centres were evaluated using Allium cepa bioassay. The concentrations of some heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Zn, Fe, Cu, Co, Pb, Mn and Ni) were also determined. Three sets of small onion bulbs were cultivated in 25%, 50% 75% and 100% effluent concentrations (v/v) and a control for each site. Root tips from each bulb were harvested and processed for cytological studies using squashing technique. After 48hrs of exposure, cytotoxic effects of the effluents on root tips (compared to control) showed root growth retardation which was more apparent at higher concentrations. This indicated that, the root growth inhibition was concentration dependent. Number of dividing cells observed and the Mitotic Index (MI) were also concentration dependent. There were decrease in number of dividing cells and MI with increase in concentration of the treatment. The effective concentrations that caused 50% effect (EC50) was 95% for ATM and K/Naisa dyeing points while it was 100% in K/mata dyeing point. Diverse structural aberrations and abnormalities were observed ranging from chromosomal bridge, which was apparent even at low concentrations of the treatment to cytokinesis failure, Micronucleus (MN) and nuclear buds or vacuolated nuclei. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in mean concentrations of Cr, Fe, Cu and Mn for K/Naisa and K/Mata dyeing centres, but there was statistical difference (P<0.05) for these parameters in ATM. Likewise, there was significant difference (P<0.05) in the root growth of A. cepa exposed to different concentrations of the effluent in ATM and K/Naisa sites but no statistical difference existed in root growth of A. cepa exposed to K/Mata effluents. Keywords: Allium cepa, Bioassay, Effluents, Cytotoxicity, Mitotic Index

Silver staining combined with alcian blue and hematoxylin-eosin for the detection of Lawsonia intracelullaris in swine proliferative enteropathy

2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Driemeier ◽  
Giani S. Faccini ◽  
Rosemari T. de Oliveira ◽  
Edson M. Colodel ◽  
Sandra D. Traverso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Silver Staining ◽  
Proliferative Enteropathy ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

scholarly journals Cytogenetic analysis of wheat seeds submitted to artificial aging stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Ocom Menezes ◽  
Sidinei Jose Lopes ◽  
Solange Bosio Tedesco ◽  
Fernando Augusto Henning ◽  
Humberto Davi Zen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Artificial Aging ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Deterioration Process ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Several studies have been developed to understand the physiology of seed deterioration, however, the initial steps of the deterioration process are not completely clear. Seed vigor and viability losses are also associated with genetic material damage. This study was carried out to detect cytogenetic and physiological alterations occurring during the deterioration process of wheat seeds, due to artificial aging stress. Two cultivars, Ônix and Fundacep Campo Real, were submitted to six different treatments: control (T1), 24 (T2), 48 (T3), 72 (T4), 96 (T5) and 120 (T6) hours under artificial aging conditions: 42 °C and 100% relative humidity. Germination and vigor tests (First Count of Germination, Electrical Conductivity, Seedling Emergence in the Field and Emergence Speed Index) were performed. Cytogenetic evaluations were performed through smear technique for root tips, stained with 2% acetic orcein. Total number of cells under division and mitotic index (MI) were determined. According to results, vigor and mitotic index were affected due to deterioration process induced by artificial aging stress. A reduced number of dividing cells were observed in seeds submitted to prolonged period of aging. Chromosomal abnormalities in mitotic cells of aged seeds were detected with the occurrence of micronuclei, chromosome breaks and bridges.

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